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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Section 1: Physical Geography
Section 2: Greece
Section 3: Italy
Section 4: Spain and Portugal
CHAPTER 18
Southern EuropeSouthern Europe
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Major Landforms of Southern Europe:Major Landforms of Southern Europe: The Iberian Peninsula—where Portugal and Spain are The Iberian Peninsula—where Portugal and Spain are
locatedlocated The Cantabrian and the Pyrenees MountainsThe Cantabrian and the Pyrenees Mountains The Southern Alps and the Apennines—located on The Southern Alps and the Apennines—located on
the Italian peninsulathe Italian peninsula Mediterranean islands—including Sicily, Sardinia, Mediterranean islands—including Sicily, Sardinia,
and Balearic Islandsand Balearic Islands
Section 1 Section 1 Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Major Rivers of Southern Europe:Major Rivers of Southern Europe: The Ebro River—The Ebro River—
drains into the Mediterraneandrains into the Mediterranean The Douro, Tagus, and The Douro, Tagus, and
Guadalquivir RiversGuadalquivir Rivers
——flow into the Atlanticflow into the Atlantic The Po River—Italy’s largest riverThe Po River—Italy’s largest river
Section 1 Section 1 Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Major climate types and Major climate types and resources of Southern Europe:resources of Southern Europe: Primarily warm and sunny climate; highland climate Primarily warm and sunny climate; highland climate
in the Italian Alps; semiarid and cool, humid climates in the Italian Alps; semiarid and cool, humid climates found in areas of Spainfound in areas of Spain
SiroccosSiroccos blow moisture over Italy in spring and blow moisture over Italy in spring and summer.summer.
Southern Europe depends on the sea for trade and the Southern Europe depends on the sea for trade and the fishing industry.fishing industry.
Section 1 Section 1 Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Major climate types and Major climate types and resources of Southern Europe: resources of Southern Europe: (continued) Iron ore, bauxite, chromium, lead, zinc, and marble Iron ore, bauxite, chromium, lead, zinc, and marble
found in the region.found in the region. Hydroelectricity is created by falling water.Hydroelectricity is created by falling water. Climate and natural beauty support tourism.Climate and natural beauty support tourism.
Section 1 Section 1 Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTSECTION 1
Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
Shared Characteristics:Shared Characteristics:
The Physical Geography of SOUTHERN EUROPEThe Physical Geography of SOUTHERN EUROPE
1. peninsulas 2. mountains 3. rivers 4. climate 5. resources
Spain and Portugal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Iberian Peninsula
Cantabrian and Pyrenees
several east-west
some semiarid climates; northern Spain is cool and humid
trade, fishing, iron ore, beaches
Italy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
shaped like a boot
southern Alps, Apennines
Po and Tiber
sirocco
trade, marble
Greece
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
largest peninsula is Peloponnesus
very mountainous
most rivers are short
warm and sunny
bauxite, chromium, lead, marble, and zinc
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Achievements of the Achievements of the ancient Greeks include:ancient Greeks include: The first known democracy (Athens)The first known democracy (Athens) The invention of theaterThe invention of theater Ancient Greek philosophers, artists, architects, and Ancient Greek philosophers, artists, architects, and
writers made important contributions to Western writers made important contributions to Western civilization.civilization.
Section 2Section 2GreeceGreece
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Two features of Greek culture are:Two features of Greek culture are: Religion—98 percent of Greeks are Eastern Orthodox Religion—98 percent of Greeks are Eastern Orthodox
Christians. Christians. The arts—ancient Greeks produced buildings, The arts—ancient Greeks produced buildings,
sculpture, poetry, plays, pottery, jewelry, and sculpture, poetry, plays, pottery, jewelry, and mosaicsmosaics that were influential throughout Europe. that were influential throughout Europe.
Section 2Section 2GreeceGreece
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Greece TodayGreece Today Economy—Greece lags behind other European countries in Economy—Greece lags behind other European countries in
economic developmenteconomic development Agriculture is the main industry, but old methods are used due to Agriculture is the main industry, but old methods are used due to
the mountainous terrain. Tourism and shipping are also key the mountainous terrain. Tourism and shipping are also key industries.industries.
A lack of natural resources limits industry in Greece.A lack of natural resources limits industry in Greece. Economic growth is centered in Athens.Economic growth is centered in Athens. Air pollution damages historical sites and public health in Air pollution damages historical sites and public health in
Athens.Athens.
Section 2Section 2GreeceGreece
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTGreeceGreece 11:06
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTSECTION 2
GreeceGreece
Athens—firstknown democracy city-states
EasternOrthodox
ChristianityByzantine Empire
Ancient Greek Achievements
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Italy’s Early HistoryItaly’s Early History 750 B.C.—Rome established by Latin tribe; Romans 750 B.C.—Rome established by Latin tribe; Romans
gradually conquered the rest of Italy and surrounding gradually conquered the rest of Italy and surrounding lands, establishing the Roman Empire.lands, establishing the Roman Empire.
Roman influences are found in modern language, Roman influences are found in modern language, law, politics, and art.law, politics, and art.
Christianity began in the Roman province of Judaea.Christianity began in the Roman province of Judaea. 1300s—the Renaissance began in Italy1300s—the Renaissance began in Italy
Section 3 Section 3 ItalyItaly
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Italy and the World CultureItaly and the World Culture The Roman Catholic church is based at the Vatican in The Roman Catholic church is based at the Vatican in
Rome.Rome. Artists and scholars from the Italian Renaissance Artists and scholars from the Italian Renaissance
include Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, include Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Francesco Petrarch, and Christopher Columbus.Francesco Petrarch, and Christopher Columbus.
Italian composers, designers, actors, and filmmakers Italian composers, designers, actors, and filmmakers continue to influence world culture.continue to influence world culture.
Section 3 Section 3 ItalyItaly
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTBorn: 15 February 1564 Born: 15 February 1564 Birthplace: Pisa, Italy Birthplace: Pisa, Italy Died: 8 January 1642 Died: 8 January 1642 Best Known As: The inventor of the astronomical telescope Best Known As: The inventor of the astronomical telescope Galileo was an Italian scientist whose work in the 17th century helped Galileo was an Italian scientist whose work in the 17th century helped unlock many secrets of astronomy and natural motion. Galileo's unlock many secrets of astronomy and natural motion. Galileo's achievements include: building the first high-powered astronomical achievements include: building the first high-powered astronomical telescope; inventing a horse-powered pump to raise water; showing that telescope; inventing a horse-powered pump to raise water; showing that the velocities of falling bodies are not proportional to their weights; the velocities of falling bodies are not proportional to their weights; describing the true parabolic paths of cannonballs and other projectiles; describing the true parabolic paths of cannonballs and other projectiles; coming up with the ideas behind coming up with the ideas behind Newton'sNewton's laws of motion; and laws of motion; and confirming the confirming the CopernicanCopernican theory of the solar system. Because he theory of the solar system. Because he believed that the planets revolved around the sun, and not the Earth, believed that the planets revolved around the sun, and not the Earth, Galileo was denounced as a heretic by the church in Rome. He faced the Galileo was denounced as a heretic by the church in Rome. He faced the Inquisition and was forced to renounce those beliefs publicly, though later Inquisition and was forced to renounce those beliefs publicly, though later research, of course, proved his theories correct. His works include research, of course, proved his theories correct. His works include Sidereus NunciusSidereus Nuncius ( (The Sidereal MessengerThe Sidereal Messenger, 1610), , 1610), Il saggiatoreIl saggiatore ( (The The AssayerAssayer, 1623), and , 1623), and Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo tolemaico, e copernicanotolemaico, e copernicano ( (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World SystemsSystems, 1632)., 1632).
The Vatican officially recognized the validity of Galileo's work in 1993...The Vatican officially recognized the validity of Galileo's work in 1993...
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
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Italy TodayItaly Today Italians are bound by language, the Roman Catholic Italians are bound by language, the Roman Catholic
church, and strong family ties.church, and strong family ties. Grapes are Italy’s most important crop and make Italy Grapes are Italy’s most important crop and make Italy
the world’s largest wine producer.the world’s largest wine producer. Tourism is important to the Italian economy.Tourism is important to the Italian economy. Northern Italy is more industrialized than the south.Northern Italy is more industrialized than the south.
Section 3 Section 3 ItalyItaly
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON26
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTItaly Italy (4:15)(4:15)
Google Earth
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON27
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTRenaissanceRenaissance 15:00
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON28
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTSECTION 3
ItalyItaly
• 750 B.C. Rome established
• Roman Empire• Christianity• Renaissance• coalition
governments
• Latin• Roman Catholic
Church• Mediterranean diet• glassware• jewelry• painting• sculpture
History Culture
The History and Culture of ITALYThe History and Culture of ITALY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON29
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Major events in the Major events in the history of Spain and Portugal:history of Spain and Portugal: 1492—King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella conquered 1492—King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella conquered
the last Moorish outpost in Spain, Granada. They also the last Moorish outpost in Spain, Granada. They also sponsored Columbus’s voyage to the Americas.sponsored Columbus’s voyage to the Americas.
1490s—Spain and Portugal establish large empires in 1490s—Spain and Portugal establish large empires in the Americasthe Americas
1588—Philip II invades England but is defeated, and 1588—Philip II invades England but is defeated, and power begins to declinepower begins to decline
Section 4 Section 4 Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON30
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
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Major events in the Major events in the history of Spain and Portugal: history of Spain and Portugal: (continued) 1936–1939—The Spanish civil war is fought and 1936–1939—The Spanish civil war is fought and
won by General Francisco Franco.won by General Francisco Franco. Today both Spain and Portugal are democracies.Today both Spain and Portugal are democracies.
Section 4 Section 4 Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON32
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
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The Cultures of Spain and PortugalThe Cultures of Spain and Portugal Castilian is the most widely spoken dialect.Castilian is the most widely spoken dialect. Basque separatists use violence to protest Spanish rule.Basque separatists use violence to protest Spanish rule. Spain and Portugal are strongly Roman Catholic.Spain and Portugal are strongly Roman Catholic. The diet is typical of the Mediterranean region.The diet is typical of the Mediterranean region. Art reflects African influences.Art reflects African influences. Spain and Portugal belong to the European Union.Spain and Portugal belong to the European Union. Tourism, agriculture, clothing, and timber are important Tourism, agriculture, clothing, and timber are important
economic industries.economic industries.
Section 4 Section 4 Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON34
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTSpain and PortugalSpain and Portugal 3:00
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON35
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLT
Myths and LegendsMyths and Legends 20:00
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON36
People, Places,People, Places,and Changeand Change
HOLTHOLTSECTION 4
Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal
• olives and olive oil
• limes • wine • fish• wheat• foods from the
Americas• Roman Catholic
holidays• bullfights
• European Union• agricultural
products: wine, fruit, olive oil, olives, and cork
• clothing• timber products• cars and trucks• tourism
The Culture of SPAIN and PORTUGALThe Culture of SPAIN and PORTUGAL
• porcelain• fado singers• flamenco dancers• Picasso
Food and Festivals TodayThe Arts