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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
AMERICANGOVERNMENT
HOLT
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Struggle for Civil RightsSection 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
CHAPTER 15
AMERICANGOVERNMENT
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Objectives:What are the responsibilities of citizenship?In what two ways may a person become a U.S.
citizen by birth?How does an immigrant become a U.S. citizen?
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Examples of the responsibilities of citizenship:understanding and obeying the lawrespecting the rights of otherspaying taxesvotingparticipating in public service
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Two ways a person may become a U.S. citizen by birth:jus sanguinis—being born to parents who are U.S.
citizensjus soli—being born in the U.S. or a U.S. territory
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
An immigrant becomes a U.S. citizen through naturalization.
AMERICANGOVERNMENT
HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Objectives:How has U.S. immigration policy changed over time?In what ways is the United States an ethnically
diverse country?What are the benefits and challenges of diversity in
the United States?
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Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Changes in U.S. immigration policy over time:unrestricted until the late 1800stight restrictions from the late 1800s to World War IIrelaxed restrictions following World War IIgrowing restrictions on illegal immigration in the
1980s and 1990s
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Ways the United States is an ethnically diverse country:populated with people with different heritagesretains cultural traditions from various ethnic groups
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Benefits of diversity in the United States:enriches livesencourages creativity in society
Challenges of diversityprejudicediscrimination
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
Objectives:What two tests do federal courts use to determine
whether laws respect the Equal Protection Clause?How did the Equal Protection Clause help the civil
rights movement fight government discrimination?
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
Two tests the federal courts use to determine whether laws respect the Equal Protection Clause:rational basis teststrict scrutiny test
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HOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
The Equal Protection Clause helped the civil rights movement fight government discrimination by proving that policies based on the separate-but-equal doctrine were unconstitutional.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
Objectives:How have civil rights laws protected the rights of
African Americans?How have civil rights protections been extended to
other minority groups?
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
How civil rights laws have protected the rights of African Americans:made segregation in public places illegalprohibited discrimination by employers or
administrators of any federally funded programsecured voting rightsprovided protection from discrimination in the
workplaceprohibited discrimination in the advertising,
financing, sale, and rental of housing
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Struggle for Civil Rights
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Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
Civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, or sex applied and were extended to other minority groups, such as Hispanic and Asian Americans, American Indians, people with disabilities, and women.
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Chapter Wrap-Up1. In what three ways may a person become a
U.S. citizen? How can a person lose U.S. citizenship?
2. Describe U.S. immigration policy during the United States’s first 100 years as a nation. How has immigration policy changed since then?
3. What benefits and challenges does diversity present?
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Chapter Wrap-Up4. What guidelines do courts use to determine
whether government laws violate the Equal Protection Clause?
5. What role does the Equal Protection Clause play in protecting the civil rights of African Americans?
6. Why were civil rights laws of the 1950s and 1960s more successful than earlier civil rights laws? What groups besides African Americans do civil rights laws protect?
