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Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities14-3 FundamentalTrigonometric Identities
Holt Algebra 2
Warm UpWarm Up
Lesson PresentationLesson Presentation
Lesson QuizLesson Quiz
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Use fundamental trigonometric identities to simplify and rewrite expressions and to verify other identities.
Objective
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
You can use trigonometric identities to simplify trigonometric expressions. Recall that an identity is a mathematical statement that is true for all values of the variables for which the statement is defined.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
A derivation for a Pythagorean identity is shown below.
x2 + y2 = r2
cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1
Pythagorean Theorem
Divide both sides by r2.
Substitute cos θ for and
sin θ for
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
To prove that an equation is an identity, alter one side of the equation until it is the same as the other side. Justify your steps by using the fundamental identities.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Example 1A: Proving Trigonometric Identities
Prove each trigonometric identity.
Choose the right-hand side to modify.
Reciprocal identities.
Simplify.
Ratio identity.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Example 1B: Proving Trigonometric Identities
Prove each trigonometric identity.
1 – cot θ = 1 + cot(–θ)
= 1 + (–cotθ)
= 1 – cotθ
Choose the right-hand side to modify.
Reciprocal identity.
Negative-angle identity.
Reciprocal identity.
Simplify.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
You may start with either side of the given equation. It is often easier to begin with the more complicated side and simplify it to match the simpler side.
Helpful Hint
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Check It Out! Example 1a
Prove each trigonometric identity.
sin θ cot θ = cos θ
cos θ = cos θ
Choose the left-hand side to modify.
Ratio identity.
Simplify.
cos θ
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Check It Out! Example 1b
Prove each trigonometric identity.
1 – sec(–θ) = 1 – secθ Choose the left-hand side to modify.
Reciprocal identity.
Negative-angle identity.
Reciprocal Identity.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
You can use the fundamental trigonometric identities to simplify expressions.
If you get stuck, try converting all of the trigonometric functions to sine and cosine functions.
Helpful Hint
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Example 2A: Using Trigonometric Identities to Rewrite Trigonometric Expressions
Rewrite each expression in terms of cos θ, and simplify.
sec θ (1 – sin2θ)
cos θ
Substitute.
Multiply.
Simplify.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Example 2B: Using Trigonometric Identities to Rewrite Trigonometric Expressions
Rewrite each expression in terms of sin θ, cos θ, and simplify.
sinθ cosθ(tanθ + cotθ)
sin2θ + cos2θ
Substitute.
Multiply.
Simplify.
1 Pythagorean identity.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Check It Out! Example 2a
Rewrite each expression in terms of sin θ, and simplify.
Pythagorean identity.
Simplify.
Factor the difference of two squares.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Check It Out! Example 2b
Rewrite each expression in terms of sin θ, and simplify.
cot2θ
csc2θ – 1 Pythagorean identity.
Substitute.
Simplify.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Example 3: Physics Application
At what angle will a wooden block on a concrete incline start to move if the coefficient of friction is 0.62?
Set the expression for the weight component equal to the expression for the force of friction.
mg sinθ = μmg cosθ
sinθ = μcosθ
sinθ = 0.62 cosθ
Divide both sides by mg.
Substitute 0.62 for μ.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Example 3 Continued
tanθ = 0.62
θ = 32°
The wooden block will start to move when the concrete incline is raised to an angle of about 32°.
Divide both sides by cos θ.
Ratio identity.
Evaluate inverse tangent.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Check It Out! Example 3
Use the equation mg sinθ = μmg cosθ to determine the angle at which a waxed wood block on a wood incline with μ = 0.4 begins to slide.
Set the expression for the weight component equal to the expression for the force of friction.
mg sinθ = μmg cosθ
sinθ = μcosθ
sinθ = 0.4 cosθ
Divide both sides by mg.
Substitute 0.4 for μ.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
tanθ = 0.4
θ = 22°
The wooden block will start to move when the concrete incline is raised to an angle of about 22°.
Divide both sides by cos θ.
Ratio identity.
Evaluate inverse tangent.
Holt Algebra 2
14-3 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Lesson Quiz: Part I
1. sinθ secθ =
Prove each trigonometric identity.
2. sec2θ = 1 + sin2θ sec2θ
= 1 + tan2θ
= sec2θ