HOIST Training

8/12/2019 HOIST Training

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Crane Operations

A "crane" is a machine for lifting and lowering aload and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting

mechanism an integral part of the machine.

Cranes whether fixed or mobile are driven

manually or by power.

References

1. DOE-STD-1090-2007

2. 29 CFR 1910.179


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Lifting equipment come in all shapes and sizes to

make your lifting job easier. However, using the

equipment improperly can cause breakdowns and

damage. Personnel can be seriously be seriously

injured if improperly used.

Your Safety is the #1 Priority on any job.

This program is to be used to ensure a safe

working environment during lifting operationsutilizing proper equipment.


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How Do Accidents Occur?

Instabi l i tyunsecured load, load capacityexceeded, or ground not level or too soft

Lack o f communicat ion- the point ofoperation is a distance from the hoistoperator or not in full view of the operator

Lack o f t rain ing

Inadequate maintenance o r inspect ion


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Requirements

General Requirements

Inspection Requirements

Operational Procedure Requirements Training requirements


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General Requirements

Each crane shall have the load rating plainly

marked on each side of the crane.

If the crane has more than one hoisting unit,

each hoist shall have its load rating marked on itor its load block and this marking shall be clearly

legible from the ground floor.

All cranes shall be locked and tagged out while

repairs are in progress to them or any other

equipment or building structure that may have

personnel or equipment in their path.


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Inspections

General Inspections

Initial Inspections

Frequent Inspections Periodic Inspections


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General Inspections:

Cranes and hoists that have been

overloaded shall have a General

Inspection performed prior to being

returned to service.


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Initial Inspection:

Prior to initial use, any and all new and altered

cranes shall be inspected and tested to ensure

compliance with the provisions of 29 CFR1910.179

and ABSI B30.2. Only after determining, by thisinspection, testing and proper documentation, that

the crane is in safe operating condition shall it be

put into service.


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Initial Inspection (Cont)

Items to be Inspected:

Hoisting and lowering

Trolley travel

Bridge travel

Limit switches, locking and safety devices

Trip setting of hoist limit switches

Load test of not more than 125% of rated load


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Frequent Inspections:

Operating mechanisms for maladjustment: Daily

Deterioration or leakage in pneumatic and hydraulic

parts: Daily

Hooks with deformation or cracks (visual): DailyHooks with deformation or cracks (written record

with signature of inspector and date): Monthly

Hoist chains and end connections for wear, twist or

distortion (visual): Daily

Hoist chains and end connections for wear, twist or

distortion (written record with signature of inspector

and date): Monthly


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Frequent Inspections:

Running Rope and end connections for wear, brokenstrands, etc. (written record with signature of

inspector, rope identity and date): Monthly

Functional operating mechanisms for excessivewear: As needed

Rope reeving according to manufacturers'

recommendations: As recommended


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Periodic Inspections:

A qualified inspector shall perform a

complete inspection at the following

intervals:

1. Normal serviceyearly.

2. Heavy servicesemiannually.

3. Severe service - quarterly


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Periodic Inspections (Continued)

Deformed, cracked or corroded members

Loose bolts or rivets

Cracked or worn sheaves and drums

Worn, cracked or distorted parts, such as pins, bearings,gears, rollers, etc.

Excessive wear on brake-system parts

Inaccuracies in load, wind and other indicators

Electric or fossil fuel motorsExcessive wear of chain drive sprockets and chain

Deteriorated electrical components, such as pushbuttons,

limit switches or contactors


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1. Bolts, rivets, nuts, and pins for being loose or

absent.

2. Check for suspect/counterfeit parts (see

Terminology and Definitions, Chapter 1).3. Cracked or worn drums or sheaves.

4. Worn, corroded, cracked, or distorted parts such

as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers locking,and clamping devices.

5. Excessive wear on motor or load brakes.


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6. Excessive wear of chains, ropes, synthetic web

strap, load sprockets, drums, sheaves, and chain

stretch.

7. Deterioration or damage of end connections andterminations of wire rope, load chains, and

synthetic web.


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8. Hooks damaged from chemicals, cracks,any visibly apparent bend or twist from the

plane of the unbent hook, or any distortion

causing an increase in throat opening of 5%not to exceed 14 inch unless otherwise

recommended by the manufacturer. See

Chapter 13 for additional hook requirements.9. Hook-retaining nuts or collars and pins,

welds, or riveting used to secure the

retaining members.


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10. Suitable crack-detecting inspections forhooks, such as dye-penetrant or magnetic-

particle inspections (performed when

required by the inspector).11. Electrical apparatus for signs of pitting or

any deterioration of controller contactors,

limit switches, and pushbutton switches.12. Supporting structures and trolleys, if

used, for continued ability to support the

imposed loads.


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13. Warning labels for illegibility or absence.


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Inspections

Inspections are to be completed and

documented.

Documentation is to be filed at the local or

regional office.

If the inspection has not been documented

then it never happened.


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Retention of Inspections:

All inspection records shall be retained at

the facility where each crane, hoist or

other equipment covered by this program

is located.

All maintenance and repair records shall

be retained for the life of the equipment.


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Operational Procedures:

Only qualified personnel or trainees, under

the direct supervision of qualified personnel,

who meet the following requirements shall

be allowed to rig, operate, inspect, orperform maintenance on cranes, hoists, or

powered forklift trucks


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Operational Procedures:

Only qualified personnel or trainees, under

the direct supervision of qualified personnel,

who meet the following requirements shall

be allowed to rig, operate, inspect, orperform maintenance on cranes, hoists, or

powered forklift trucks


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Operational Procedures (cont)

a. Do not engage in any practice that will

divert your attention while engaged in

operating the hoist.

b. Do not operate equipment if you are

physically or mentally unfit.


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d. Test all controls before beginning a shift.

If any controls do not operate properly,

adjust or repair them before beginning

operations.

e. Operators are responsible for those

operations under their direct control.

Whenever there is doubt as to safety,consult with responsible management

before handling the load.


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f. Do not operate a hoist that bears an out-of order

sign or is otherwise tagged out-of service.

g. If there is a tag, sign, or lock on electric- or air-

powered equipment, do not energize theequipment until the tag, sign, or lock is removed by

the person who placed it there or by an authorized

person.

h. Do not close the main line disconnect device onpowered equipment until you are certain that no

one is on or adjacent to the hoist or carrier.


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Attaching the Load

a. The supporting structure or anchoring means

shall have a load rating at least equal to that of the

hoist.

b. Use hoists only in areas that will allow you to beclear of the load.

c. Do not wrap the hoist rope or chain around the

load.

d.Attach the load to the hook using slings or other

approved devices.


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Attaching the Load

g. Operate hand-chain-operated hoists with hand

power only and with no more than one operator

per hand chain.

h. Do not use a lever extension (cheater) onmanual-lever-operated hoists.

i. Properly seat the slings or other approved

devices in the saddle of the hook before carrying

out hoisting operations.


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Moving the Load

A. Take care in hoisting to be certain that:

1. Hoist ropes or chains are not kinked or twisted.

2. The load does not contact any obstructions.

3. Multiple-part ropes or chains are not twistedaround each other.

B. Before starting to hoist, ensure that the rope or

chain is properly seated on the drum, sheaves, orsprockets.

C. Before starting the hoist, be certain that all

personnel are clear of the equipment.


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Moving the Load

D. Do not operate hoists until the hook is

positioned above the center of gravity of the load,

except when specifically authorized by an

appointed person who has determined that thecomponents of the hoist and its mounting will not

be overstressed.

E. Do not move or lift a load more than a few

inches until it is well balanced in a sling or liftingdevice.


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Moving the Load (cont.)

D. Do not operate hoists until the hook is

positioned above the center of gravity of the load,

except when specifically authorized by an

appointed person who has determined that thecomponents of the hoist and its mounting will not

be overstressed.

E. Do not move or lift a load more than a few

inches until it is well balanced in a sling or liftingdevice.


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F. Do not lift, lower, or travel the hoist whileanyone is on the load or hook.

G. Avoid carrying loads above personnel.

H. Test the brakes each time a load approachingthe rated capacity is handled by raising the load

just enough to clear the floor or supports and

checking for brake action. Continue the lift only

after you are sure that the braking system isoperating properly.

I. Inch the hoist into engagement with a load, and

avoid unnecessary stops and starts.


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J. Do not perform side pulls with hoists except asspecifically authorized by a qualified person.

K. If power goes off during operation of cab

operated equipment, immediately place allcontrollers in the OFF position. Before reuse,

check operating motions for proper direction.

L. Do not leave a suspended load unattended

unless specific precautions have been institutedand are in place.

M. Tag lines should be used as required to guide,

snub, or otherwise control the load.


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N. Take signals from only one person using thestandard hand signals shown in Chapter 7,

Overhead and Gantry Cranes. Obey a STOPsignal regardless o f who g ives i t.

O. Lift the hoist load block above head level forstorage when the equipment is not in use.


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Ordinary Lifts

Hoisting and rigging operations for ordinary liftsrequire a designated leader. The designated

leader shall be present at the lift site during the

entire lifting operation. If the lift is being made by

only one person, that person assumes all

responsibilities of the designated leader.

Leadership designation may be by writteninstructions, specific verbal instructions for the

particular job, or clearly defined responsibilities

within the crews organizational structure.


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Ordinary Lifts

The designated leaders responsibility shallinclude the following:

1. Ensure that personnel involved understand how

the lift is to be made.

2. Ensure that the weight of the load is

determined, that proper equipment and

accessories are selected, and that rated capacity

is not exceeded.3. Survey the lift site for hazardous/unsafe

conditions.

4. Ensure that equipment is properly set up and

positioned.


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Ordinary Lifts

5. Ensure that a signaler is assigned, if required,and is identified to the operator.

6. Direct the lifting operation to ensure that the job

is done safely and efficiently.

7. Stop the job when any potentially unsafe

condition is recognized.

8. Direct operations if an accident or injury occurs.

The operator or other designated person shall

visually examine the hoist in accordance with

the requirements for a daily inspection


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Commonly asked questions

Q. Do standards exist for other types of cranes?

A. Yes, several. Here are just a few: OSHA 29 CFR

1910.180regulates the operation of crawler locomotive and

truck cranes; 29 CFR 1910.181covers derricks; 29 CFR1910.183covers helicopter cranes; and 29 CFR 1910.178

covers powered industrial trucks. TheANSI/ASME B30.2

covers portal tower and pillar cranes;ANSI/ASME B30.5-

2007covers mobile and locomotive cranes; and

ANSI/ASME B30.11-2010covers monorails and underhungcranes.
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9831http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9831http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9832http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9833http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9833http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9828http://www.asme.org/products/codes---standards/b30-2---2011-overhead-and-gantry-cranes-(top-runnihttp://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B305_2007_Mobile_Locomotive.cfmhttp://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B305_2007_Mobile_Locomotive.cfmhttp://www.asme.org/products/codes---standards/monorails-and-underhung-craneshttp://www.asme.org/products/codes---standards/monorails-and-underhung-craneshttp://www.asme.org/products/codes---standards/monorails-and-underhung-craneshttp://www.asme.org/products/codes---standards/monorails-and-underhung-craneshttp://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B305_2007_Mobile_Locomotive.cfmhttp://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B305_2007_Mobile_Locomotive.cfmhttp://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B305_2007_Mobile_Locomotive.cfmhttp://www.asme.org/products/codes---standards/b30-2---2011-overhead-and-gantry-cranes-(top-runnihttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9828http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9833http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9833http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9832http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9831http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9831


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Standard Hand Signals for Controlling

Overhead and Gantry Cranes

LOWER

With arm extended downward, forefinger pointing down,

move hand in small horizontal circles.


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STOP

Arm extended, palm down, move arm back and forth

horizontally


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Emergency STOP

Both arms extended, palms down, move arms back and

forth horizontally.


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Bridge Travel

Arm extended forward, hand open and slightly raised,

make pushing motion in direction of travel.


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Trolley Travel

Palm up, fingers closed, thumb pointing in direction of

motion, jerk hand horizontally.


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Move Slowly

Use one hand to give any motion signal and place other

hand motionless in front of hand giving the motion signal.

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