Hodmezovasarhely Report

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www.hungary-romania-cbc.euwww.huro-cbc.eu

TO:

Prof.dr. László Makra UNIVERSITY of SZEGED, Dept. of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, 6722 Szeged, Egyetem street No. 2., Hungary Tel: +36 62 544 856 ; Fax: +36 62 544 624

Prof.dr. BODO BARNA DIASPORA FOUNDATION, str. Putna nr.7, Timisoara 300593, Romania Tel: +4.0356.446516, +4.0356.446516

Results of the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign in Hódmez vásárhely, Hungary

Location: Hódmez vásárhely, city central area, in the vicinity of the Reformed old Church (Hódmez vásárhely-Újtemplomi Református Egyházközség temploma) Coordinates of the AQM station: 46°245993 N, 20°194964 E altitude 81 m Start on: 10th December 2012 End on: 16th December 2012 Experts: dr.ing. Francisc Popescu Overview of the monitoring site:

Hódmez vásárhely lies in the south-eastern part of the Great Plain, in the border of Békés-Csanádi ridge and the saline, clayey meadow-land of the district of Tisza. Concerning settling down favourable conditions have been developed in the border of the two different natural surroundings. Hódmez vásárhely has been already an inhabited place in the prehistoric age. Archaeologists found almost six thousand-year-old traces of settlement on the confines of the city.

People earned their livings from fishing, trade and agriculture. The development of becoming a town might happen in the middle of the XVth century, when Hód, Vásárhely, Tarján and Ábrány - formerly small independent villages - fused and one of the bigger market-towns in the Great Plain was established. The settlement, which was called Hódvásárhely in 1437, appeared as domanial centre in the charter of János Hunyadi, the landlord of the town of that time. Its location next to the road leading from Csongrád to Csanád was favourable to the trade. Markets and livestock markets provided its development in the Middle Ages.

The former market-town with endless borders was famous for its tide lands of Tisza and its „puszta" (Hungarian steppe) not only in the past, but it is even today. The traditions of grazing animal husbandry spread earlier have not sunk into oblivion. Owing to this husbanding form, the puszta of Vásárhely, namely the former outer pasture of the city is still exists up to this day.

From the point of view of tourism a great natural resource of Hódmez vásárhely is the supply of thermal water that feeds the urban open-air bath and entices so many visitors to the city in summer. With further successful and hard work and effort the city may achieve to be one of the most excellent and the most

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prosperous settlement of the South Great Plain region, that the citizens of the city can be meritoriously proud of. The city can be attractive for all foreign and native tourists. Museums, churches, ornamental wells, sculptures, parks and an open-air bath filled with thermal water are waiting for the guests visiting our city.

From the point of view of protection of nature its most valuable part is one of the main areas of Körös-Maros National Park. Wandering about on foot is the best in the puszta, this way it reveals itself for the most part, this way we can catch sight of the blooming camomile, the land covered with honey grass that is alive with swarms of grasshoppers, or the field-lark's nest hidden under clump of grass.

In comparison with other settlements of the country, in the turn of the century most potters worked in Hódmez vásárhely, in the citadel of the pottery in the Great Plain. The excellent clay, which could be found in this area served as basic material. The following fact proves the diversity of the famous ceramics of Vásárhely: while the ground colour of the ceramics of new-town green, the ones of Tabán is yellow; on the other hand the potters in Csúcs worked with glazed cobalt blue patterns on white base. There are several master craftsmen among the potters living and still working today. They developed the original shapes and motives while preserved the traditions.

The embroidery of Vásárhely also gained fame for the makers. The fur-embroidery was made of the basic materials of hemp and flax. The embroidering thread was made of the fur, wool of the sheep and it was coloured by plant-pigments. This resulted in a unique colour effect. The decorative motives are stylised plants, leaves and flowers, pomegranate, tulip, peony, peacock butterfly, chalice and birds. By using these patterns they made tablecloths, runners for table and wall, table sets, curtains and pillow-cases.

(Photos presented above from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hódmez vásárhely) The Reformed Old Church can be seen on the northeastern side

of Kossuth square. In 1713 Earl Sándor Károlyi donated a part of his tax revenue for the building of the tower of this church. The bell of the tower was placed in 1725, the church bought it from Earl Sándor Károlyi. The clock of the tower was the first one pointered clock (made from wrought-iron) in the country. The clock and the bell were the property of Ferenc Rákóczi the second, he kept them in his mansion in Nagyecsed. They built a watch-house and a promenade in the tower in 1798. In 1741 a stone wall (with arrow-slits) was built around the church to protect it, a small part of it is still standing. In 1889 the

Northern half of the brick wall was demolished. Onto its place a church-market was built. (Source: http://www.hodmezovasarhely.hu/oldalak/walking-in-hodmezovasarhely-199) As a tourist aspect, Hódmez vásárhely has a gorgeous environment treasure and this

is the thermal water. In the town, thank to a winner tender, a retirement park has been achieved. But not only insfrastrucural development, but cultural and art development have also realized in the town. The different kind of cultural and art programs like the Autumn Exhibition, Ceramic and Photo Symposium, concerts, performances help people to enjoy

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every moment in this fantastic town. The four- laned road between Szeged and Hódmez vásárhely easy the access to the Road M5 and the bypasses also help in the traffic.

Hódmez vásárhely can reach, with persistent work, to become one of the most significant and most dinamically developping town in the South Plain Region, for which the inhabitants of the twon can also proud of.

(Source: http://www.hodmezovasarhely.hu/oldalak/the-town-nowadays-28) Monitoring results.

The mobile laboratory is equipped with reference point instruments for major pollutants (SO2, O3, NOx, CO, CH4, NMHC, THC and PM10). Meteorological sensors (wind speed and direction, air temperature, pressure and humidity) are mounted around the mobile laboratories. The following pollutants have been continuously measured, with 10 second resolution, over the entire measuring episode with high precision equipment: SO2 measured with HORIBA APSA370 instrument, measurement principle is UV

fluorescence, reference method: EN 14212:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 1.76 % for recorded values;

NO, NO2 and NOx measured with HORIBA APNA370 instrument, measurement principle is chemiluminescences, reference method: EN 14211:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 2.06 % for recorded values;

O3 measured with HORIBA APOA370 instrument, measurement principle is UV photometry, reference method: EN 14625:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 6.98 % for recorded values;

CO measured with HORIBA APMA370 instrument, measurement principle is NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared), reference method EN 14626:2005. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 4 % for recorded values;

CH4, NMHC and THC measured with Horiba APHA370 instrument, measurement principle is FID (flame ionization detection), reference method EN 12619:2002. The combined measurement uncertainty is U = 0.9 % for recorded values;

PM10 (suspended particles, fraction PM10), Sven Leckel LVS3, measurement principle is gravimetric.

The equipments are part of the air quality monitoring mobile laboratory and procedures used are in full compliance with ISO/CEN 17025:2005 standard for quality assurance in analytic laboratories. Linde and DKD (Deutsche Kalibrierdienst) calibrations gases (NO, SO2, CO, CH4 in N2) were used. In table 1 the resulted values for daily mean values for all pollutants are presented. Table 1. Daily mean values recorded for main air pollutants

Day O3 SO2 NO NO2 NOx CH4 NMHC THC CO PM10 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 g/m3

12/10/12 121.82 6.75 7.62 31.30 38.92 1.55 12/11/12 87.76 8.09 27.95 36.63 64.58 1.98 54.25 12/12/12 82.91 7.68 19.35 24.40 43.75 2.19 12/13/12 111.46 9.02 10.81 25.34 36.15 4.48 0.32 4.74 2.12 12/14/12 125.46 14.43 6.84 15.45 22.29 4.34 0.25 4.54 1.99 48.39 12/15/12 130.55 15.64 4.83 11.14 15.97 4.36 0.23 4.53 2.11 60.60 12/16/12 101.76 9.14 5.37 12.06 17.43 4.40 0.30 4.65 2.03

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Figure 1. Hourly mean values recorded for O3, NO, NO2, NOx and SO2 in Hódmez vásárhely, Reformed Old

Church

Figure 2. Hourly mean values recorded for CH4, NMHC, THC and CO in Hódmez vásárhely, Reformed Old

Church

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Figure 3. Daily mean values recorded for PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, O3 in Hódmez vásárhely, Reformed Old

Church

Figure 4. Hourly mean values recorded for CH4, NMHC, THC and CO in Hódmez vásárhely, Reformed Old

Church

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Figure 5. Views of the Mobile AQM Laboratory in-situ location in Hódmez vásárhely, Reformed Old Church

From the data presented in this report one can observe that the concentrations of all gaseous target pollutants considered in this study (EU Air Quality Directives) are under the EU imposed limits for air quality.

The PM10 concentrations are close or above limits. The NO/NOx variation shows a direct correlation with road traffic, and they should be further investigated (together with O3), especially in the hot and dry summer. Current air quality monitoring episode was conducted in a wet, cold and mostly foggy winter week.

However, with the exception of PM10 witch is problematic for the entire Banat plain area (RO/HU/SR), there are no signs of concern, all criteria pollutants are under admissible levels. Prepared by: dr.ing. Francisc Popescu dr.ing. Nicolae Lontis http://www.mec.upt.ro/transaircultur date: 16.01.2013

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Hodmezovasarhely Report