Hmong Tribune September 2014

THEHMONGTRIBUNEHMOOB XOV XWM SEPTEMBER 2014 PUB DLAWB

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A Hmong, he was unfailingly courteousand approachable, and walked the extra mileto offer our party traditional Hmong food.One of these dishes was “taum si”, or fermentedsoy beans, and represented a variety of food onwhich the Hmong used to dine in Laos duringthe dry season when supplies were limited.This taum si reminded us all of our past andour future; we might live in America, the Landof Plenty, but our past is nevertheless a hum-ble one. Hau A Leng also attended our break-fast, spending a great deal of time with us tochat and exchange information and ideas. Ad-ditionally, he offered to pay for all of our mealswhile we were in his town. In the morning of March 23, we said good-

bye to our hosts in Sapa and then headed to-ward Lao Cai City, the capital of Lao CaiProvince. After lunch, we went to the admin-istrative headquarters, where we met with SungChung, the Deputy Secretary of the Commu-nist Party of Lao Cai Province, and other high-ranking provincial officials. We shared aproductive chat on the situation of minorities,including the Hmong, in Lao Cai Province.Our hosts also asked us about the status of theHmong in the United States, and we all ex-pressed concern over the possibility of losingour Hmong culture and language. Before dinner, we visited the border of

Vietnam and China, where the Clear Rivermeets the Red River. Most ancestors of theHmong of Laos, including our own, have spo-ken of their difficulties in crossing the RedRiver – war, starvation, and the frightening

problem faced in crossing this mighty riverwith no swimming skills. We were deeply moved during the dinner

when our hosts made a special effort to get“mov kuam” and other traditional Hmongfood for us, seeking out these dishes from as faraway as another town. The foods on offer re-minded us of our humble backgrounds, and ofthe time our ancestors passed through theselands. We shared in a productive chat abouthow to preserve our culture and language, aswell as other problems we all face in this Age ofGlobalization and the Internet. In the morning of March 24, we headed to-

ward Yen Bai City, where we were greeted byofficials of the Northwest Steering committee.There, these gracious individuals hosted us at aluncheon and followed this with a formalmeeting in which we discussed what we hadlearned during our trip. At last, we said goodbye to our hosts and

headed toward Hanoi along the Red River. Atthe Red River delta we learned why this area isknown as the Crater of Vietnamese civiliza-tion; it is one of two major agricultural centersof Vietnam – the other being the MekongRiver Delta in the south.On the morning of March 25, we met with

officials of the U.S. Embassy in Hanoi to talkabout our trip and to exchange informationabout what we had heard and seen. Somewhat later, we met with officials of the

Ministry of Public Security and were briefedon the May 2011 unrest and the government’sresponse. We learned that the Vietnamese gov-ernment was very concerned for the safety andhealth of those who participated in the event,in addition to the associated security issues.Dispersal had been deliberately peaceful, but

it was called to our attention that some partic-ipants had been fashioning home-madeweapons. This, in addition to the intention,expressed by some, of establishing a kingdombecame a security issue. In the end it was de-cided to call upon members of the armedforces to disperse the gathering, although thesoldiers were allowed no weapons and the ac-tion was accomplished without injuries. Manypeople were sent home and a small numberwere arrested as instigators. Of the number ar-rested, seven were tried and convicted to sen-tences of from three or four years. As of 2014,some are already out of prison. This account offered by these officials is

consistent with what we were told throughoutthe visit, and was not disputed by the Ameri-cans officials we talked to. It is, however, verymuch at odds with accounts furnished byAmerican media channels to the effect that theVietnamese forces killed 72 Hmong, whilehundreds were arrested or fledii the site inHuoi Khuon, Muong Nhe district. We left Vietnam on March 26 and headed

home with much to sort out. From what wesaw and heard, there is no evidence to sub-

A Visit to the Hmong of Vietnam

An overview of Sapa (Suab Puas). In the middle is a school for Hmong children.Photo by Kou Yang, 2008.

Continued onPage 7

Continued From August Issue

Living in California and especially the Cen-tral Valley you cannot miss the year’s singlebiggest issue: the drought. About 1,000 more wildfires than usual have

charred California. The agricultural industry

is said to have lost over $2 billion because ofthe drought. Gov. Jerry Brown has declared astatewide drought emergency because of thelack of water.Hmong people fish and they farm. For local

anglers they’ve been waiting for local wateringholes to get more water for three years now.Farmers need water to make sure their cropsare healthy and grow. California is in the third year of one of the

state’s worst droughts in the past century. Thedrought has been the culprit for numerous for-est fires in Central California, restrictive waterpolicies set by local city government and fiercewater rights fights among the politicians, farm-ers and environmentalist. Many people think that 2015 may bring

more rain and water to lakes and mountainpeaks but the reality is that this could be he be-ginning of a 10 year drought cycle. We couldbe having this kind of heat and lack of rainfallfor many more years. The reality is that last century was a very

wet century according to climatologists. Ouridea of normal rainfall in Fresno or Sacramentois actually an anomaly. It should have been lessrain for it to be normal. Scientists look at Cal-ifornia and measure history in terms of hun-dreds and thousands of years. The 20thcentury (1900s) had less drought than the pre-ceding 20 centuries. However, the past three years in California

has been the worse consecutive three years forrainfall in the 119 years of record keeping ofrainfall. Scientists say these kind of decade long

droughts do have a few times a century. Andmany scientists are saying we have more than a50% chance that we’re in the middle of a longdrought cycle. What does this mean for people living

here? People will have to change the way theylive with water. Restrictive water use policiesby city government will be the new normal.Agriculture will have to use technology to findnew ways to manage and reach water such asdrilling for underground water supplies or findmore efficient ways to transport water.

Water Crisis

The drought has reduced lakes to 20% of their normal size.

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THE HMONGTRIBUNEPublisherSteve ThaoWritersJon P. DarbonnierChelsey See XiongCathy ThaoManaging EditorSeng Alex VangContributorsBryan T. WorraFong ChaKhong M LeeSky Bee VueAccount ExecutiveChuck LeeAlex Seng Vang

[email protected](559) 709-5948

BY SEE XIONGFRESNO, CALIFORNIAOctober is Domes-

tic Violence Aware-ness Month in theUnited States. TheBuilding Our Future(BOF) Campaignaims to educate andadvocate about do-mestic violence withinthe Hmong family sys-tem, particularly thoseaffected by abusive in-ternational marriages.They will hold a com-munity Day of Actionevent on October 25,2014, locally in Fresnoand Sacramento foradvocates, organizers,and those impacted, toact on addressing do-mestic violence in theHmong community.The Building Our

Future Campaign waslaunched in 2013 byadvocates in Min-nesota and Wiscon-sin: Kabzuag Vang,KaYing Yang, and BoThao-Urabe, whohave extensive workwith the Hmong andrefugee population. The campaign has its rootsin several years of dialogue between Hmongdomestic violence advocates in Wisconsin re-garding contemporary Hmong family issues.They defined the term “abusive internationalmarriages” to describe the transnational mar-

riages between older Hmong Americans and aperson from oversea with a huge gap of 20 and70 years between them. The oversea spousesare either forced into the marriage or thearrangements are driven by poverty in hopes ofa better life in a richer environment. The ad-

vocates indicated that many of these marriagesare engrossed in elements of deceit and ex-ploitation of the young people oversea.Day of Action aims to increase knowledge

about abusive international marriages, and itsworldwide impact on Hmong families; createcollective action, accountability, and socialchange led by those who are most impacted;and to develop more champions who can con-tinue to engage the community and supportaction to end this practices.Laura Vu, a Californian organizer of the

BOF Campaign is part of a growing commu-nity voice in California speaking up againstdomestic violence and the abusive interna-tional marriages. Vu attest based on living andworking in the Hmong community, she haveseen international marriage problems as preva-lent with those who came over to the UnitedStates as refugees.“I think that is because they still have a

sense of connection, longing or even familyand relatives in Thailand or Laos,” Vu men-tioned. Therefore, the refugees seem to beprone to go back oversea to get married. “Thiscampaign is not against international mar-riages because international marriages havebeen a way for family reunification, but thiscampaign highlights that international mar-riages have also been a way for folks to abuseand exploit those overseas too.”Anyone who is interested in learning more

about the BOF Campaign or how to become achampion for safe and healthy Hmong fami-lies, are encouraged to attend the Day of Ac-tion events in Sacramento and Fresno onSaturday, October 25th, 2014.The locations and program for the day will

be announced soon. Further information willbe available at the BOF Campaign Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/buildourfuture.If you are interested in sponsoring the Cal-

ifornia Day of Action events or have generalquestions, please contact Laura Vu at [email protected].

Building Our Future: Supporting Championsto End Abusive International Marriages

Day of Action in Sacramento, 2013

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“Koj lub suab tseem ceeb!” The motto,“Your voice matters!” is the foundation of thework that a group of young Southeast AsianAmericans does in Sacramento, California.Using their professional expertise and life ex-periences, they formed a grassroots, commu-nity-organizing group called HmongInnovating Politics (HIP) to transform the po-litical dynamic that has historically ignoredpeople of color and low-income communities. Since the inception of HIP in 2012, the

members, who they referred to each other as[Community] Organizers, quickly gained at-tention and support from community stake-holders from parents, school districts, tocommunity coalitions and organizations. Earlylast year, the Sacramento City Unified SchoolDistrict (SCUSD) implemented a messy,rushed process to close down neighborhoodschools in predominately poor communities.SCUSD faced a federal civil rights lawsuit bythe parents and students who HIP mobilizedto express their concerns at school board meet-ings, press conferences, and a rally. It was notlong until political groups took notice of HIP.Last year, the Democratic Party of SacramentoCounty honored the group as the Organiza-tion of the Year at their annual Tower BridgeAwards. HIP is making sure the Hmong commu-

nity’s voice is heard through their Project Suabor Project Voice. An in-language voter forumto inform Hmong voters about the proposi-tions in this year’s election will be hosted inOctober as part of the project. Amplifying theHmong voice on both the community and leg-islation levels, HIP supports candidates thatwill champion causes relevant to the Hmongcommunity; HIP recently endorsed one oftheir fellow Organizers, Jonathan Tran forSCUSD Board of Education. In addition, afew of the Organizers are involved in the cam-paign to elect Board Trustee Steve Ly to theElk Grove City Council. The Organizers are deeply connected to the

community as Sacramento residents and/or in-dividuals who have invested years of profes-sional work in the area. Their professionalbackgrounds range from working in commu-nity-based organizations, California’s legisla-

ture, to advocacy and policy organizations.The new leadership being modeled by HIP isone that stands in solidary with disenfran-chised communities and responsive to bridg-ing the Hmong community to local policymakers. HIP Organizers incorporate their commu-

nity organizing skills, lived experiences, andprofessional expertise into a targeted approachfor the purpose of empowering the Hmongcommunity to participate in creating a sociallyand economically just democracy in Sacra-mento.

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Jonathan Tran is one of the few SoutheastAsian American men who have working tobetter the lives of Southeast Asian Americanfamilies for years. His community activism ex-tends as far back as his involvement with com-munity-based organizations during highschool years to his work on labor rights in col-lege. On November 4th, Tran could becomethe first Southeast Asian American elected tothe Sacramento City Unified School DistrictBoard of Education. Tran takes pride in being the son of refugee

immigrants from Vietnam, and explained howhis parents’ unrelenting hard work to build adecent life in a new place attributed to hisstrong work ethic. As the Policy and Advocacy

Manager in the Southeast Asia Resource Ac-tion Center’s California office, Tran helps fam-ilies serviced by community-basedorga n i zations understand public policies andteaches them to articulate their struggles andconcerns to legislators. Tran often attends policy meetings and

events where no Southeast Asian Americancommunity members are represented. Thiswas not the case when the Hmong communityglaringly demonstrated the ability to affect alarge institution in 2009. Thousands ofHmong American community members acrossthe nation, a few from overseas, rallied to sup-port the case dismissal of the late General VangPao in Sacramento. When asked for a solution

to address the prob-lem of non-represen-tation, Tran explainedthat, “As soon assomeone is able toidentify issues that arepersonally related tothem, they becomeactively engaged in[the issues]. In theGeneral Vang Paocase, it became per-sonal for the Hmongcommunity becausehe had impacted somany lives. The chal-lenges that people

face on a day to day basis are certainty tied tothe politics that create those circumstances,

and I think that’s how you get people to ac-tively engage—-when they can connect com-

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plicated policy issues to something that per-sonally affects them.”Tran is a big brother in the Big Brother and

Big Sister Program for the past five years,Boardmember of the Asian Pacific YouthLeadership Project, and a committee memberfor the Alliance for Boys and Men of Color.His commitment to developing youth comesfrom knowing that the Southeast Asian Amer-ican communities are fairly young with the me-dian age being under 23; for the Hmong

community, 21. He stated that his efforts indeveloping youth “speaks to the responsibilityof making sure this generation is ready for lead-ership roles” because “In due time, the youngfolks are going to be the ones that will have tocall the shots and take care of our elders.”The Southeast Asian communities’ future

looks optimistic to Tran as he linked this out-look to the up and raising leadership alreadydisplayed by young Hmong American profes-sionals from organizations such as the Hmong

Innovative Politics (HIP) andHmong Empowerment and Re-source Organization (HERO).He has been engrossed in figur-

ing out what it means for policymakers to do “nothing about us,without us. We want to be a part ofthe solution; we want to be workingalongside folks to develop betterways to fix some of the problems inour communities. Being involved inthe political work isn’t a scary thing.My desire to run [for school board]comes from a very personal place; it’sa simple desire to improve the livesof people we care about.“



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stantiate the allegation that the Vietnam mili-tary killed 72 Hmong, or that hundreds werearrested or fled. During the trip, we met with many officials

of Hmong descent at the national, provincialand local government levels; one minister, twoprovincial governors, and one town official.We felt that many of these officials with whomwe met were politely humble in their presen-tations of the social structure and economy ofVietnam, as well as in their public policies. Itappeared that they were willing to hear ouropinions and our perspectives on their short-comings, if any. With a population of over a million, the

Hmong are one of the largest ethnic groupsand represent about one percent of the peopleof Vietnam. They remain, however, one of thepoorest ethnic groups, much of the reasonbeing their remote villages, coupled with a lackof education and little access to the developingeconomy of Vietnam. When compared withthe Hmong in China and Laos, VietnameseHmong share a similar economic situation. Ingeneral, the Hmong in the provinces we visitedare not more poor than the Hmong of othercountries, although we have heard from bothofficials and from the Hmong themselves thatthe Hmong of Ha Giang are the poorestamong all Hmong. We unfortunately did nothave the time needed to go there and see forourselves if this is true or not. Living conditions in the provinces we vis-

ited are similar to those of the Hmong ofsouthern China and some parts of Laos. ManyHmong are actively involved in civic and gov-ernment affairs, as mentioned above. We heard from many sources that the gov-

ernment has made every possible effort to assistethnic minorities with the preservation of theircultures and languages. One of the manystrategies adopted in doing so has been the im-plementation of bi-lingual education in someareas, and the encouragement of the Hmongto celebrate their new year and other tradi-tional festivals. The government has also pro-vided free health care to poor ethnicminorities, including some Hmong in ruralareas. Accessibility to this health care is, how-ever, a challenge in that many Hmong live farfrom hospitals and do not have the means totravel to specialists in metropolitan hospi-tals/clinics. The lack of resources, in additionto language and cultural barriers, has made itdifficult to implement fully many governmentpolicies and to access the nation’s economy,now the second fastest-growing in Asia. The government, we have learned, has

made efforts to build schools in many ruralcommunities, but because of poverty and lackof educational incentives, many children frompoorer families tend to drop out of school at ayoung age. From what we have heard, the unrest of

May, 2011, might have been caused by manyfactors, including misinformation; misinter-pretation of religion; the lack of well-trained

pastors/priests; poverty; lack of education andhope; and, in addition to a history which hasfurnished them messiah movements, obtain-ing wrong information via radio, Internet, andreligious individuals. In this context, it should be borne in mind

that the term ‘bad elements’ is often used byVietnamese officials to reference many antiso-cial characters without any link to HmongAmericans. Unofficially and privately, somelower-ranking officials have listed the names ofspecific Hmong Americans as being instiga-tors; some of these individuals are affiliatedwith religions, others are not. A few are radiopersonalities who advocate the establishmentof ‘Hmongland.’ Although these individualsdo not represent the mainstream of HmongAmericans, they do provide misinformationabout or misinterpretation of certain religions,and have given false hope to some VietnameseHmong.It is important that Hmong Americans are

more broadly educated, so that they may dotheir part in preventing unrest and relatedproblems. Ultimately, this unrest causes moreharm than good to the Hmong of Vietnam, aswell as to the greater Hmong worldwide com-munity. Emphasis must be placed upon thecommon good of all people and religions with-out seeking to blame others. The preventionof unrest is the moral, ethical, and social re-sponsibility of everyone, including religious,radio personalities, political leaders, and indi-viduals who visit Vietnam. There is a need to connect Hmong Viet-

namese to mainstream Hmong Americans,who see the past as a history from which onemay learn, and who wish to devote their timeto making a difference in the future. Morethan fifty percent of Hmong Americans todayare under the age of twenty, and most of theseyoung Hmong want to move beyond the warchapter of their history. They know that his-tory cannot be changed, but the future can,and they therefore focus their energies andtime on this future challenge. In sum, this visit reminds us of what Sun

Tzu wrote: “He who knows when he can fightand when he cannot, will be victorious”. Warhas a beginning; it must have an end, as well.Taking a win/win approach to the painful pastmay be the right path to healing the scars of thewar and turning a page of history. A native ofVietnam, the Venerable Thich Nhat Hanh, hassaid, “Reconciliation is to understand bothsides; to go to one side and describe the suffer-ing being endured by the other side, and thengo to the other side and describe the sufferingbeing endured by the firstside.”iii It is not easy, but,in the end, there is noother choice. The clock isticking, and dwelling onthe past is not a wisechoice; we must close thechapter on the war andmove on to the next page

of our narrative. A Fulbright Scholar and

Sasakawa Fellow, Kou Yang isProfessor Emeritus of CaliforniaState University, Stanislaus.With an extensive publicationrecord on Hmong Diaspora,history and culture, the HmongAmerican experience, Lao cul-ture, and the American experi-ences of Indochinese refugees,his more than 20 essays have ap-peared in widely-consulted peer-reviewed journals such as theJournal of Asian AmericanStudies; Ethnic Studies Review;Asian Pacific Migration Journal;Hmong Studies Journal; MiaoResearch Journal, Journal ofGuizhou University for Nation-alities; and Journal of Hubei In-stitute for Nationalities. Inaddition, he has contributedchapters to more than fivebooks. He is co-editor of onebook and author of one book. Since 1986, Professor Kou

Yang has added a critical inter-national component to his re-search and teaching, when hespent six months studying and teaching inChina. In 2004, he led the California StateUniversity, Stanislaus’ Fulbright-Hay GroupProject to China, and then, in 2009, he was in-strumental in taking a group of internationalscholars on a post-conference tour of Guizhou.Additionally, he has made an additional seventrips to China, including his 2014 visit, whichhe was an honor quest to open the (Hmong)Roots-Searching Park in the triangle ofGuizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. He has pre-sented papers in many international confer-ences, held in countries such as Singapore,Hong Kong, and China. For research andleisure, he has travelled widely, with visit toAustralia, Austria, Canada, China, Germany,France, Italy, Laos, Malaysia, Monaco, Switzer-land, and Vietnam.Dr. Kou Yang has 15 year experience in So-

cial Work, and a long history of professionaland community service. His social work expe-rience includes poverty reduction, family serv-ices, drug and alcohol rehabilitation andmental health. Dr. Kou Yang earned his Doctor of Educa-

tion in Educational Leadership from Califor-nia State University, FresnoCSUF)/University of California at Davis

(UCD). He also holds an MSW in SocialWork and a BA in Sociology from CaliforniaState University, Fresno. Additionally, he hascompleted special educational programs onBuddhism and Lao Language/Culture, Chi-nese and Chinese Ethnic Studies, and JapaneseStudies. Dr. Dia Cha is currently (2010-2013) a

consultant and CEO of Your Consulting Serv-ices, Inc. This is a private corporation that pro-vides applied and action research as well asprogram evaluation and project assessmentsfor various interested groups ranging frombusiness corporations to community nonprofitgroups. Dr. Dia Cha has been a Professor of An-

thropology and Ethnic Studies at St. CloudState University, in St. Cloud, Minnesota,where she taught courses in cultural anthro-pology, ethnic studies, Southeast Asian com-munities, Asian American studies, and Hmongstudies. A Hmong American and a prolific au-thor, she has written widely-acclaimed booksfor children and adults, and is considered oneof the world’s leading authorities on Hmongcultural traditions and folkways, travelingwidely to offer a variety of presentations onthese and related topics.



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Hmong Tribune September 2014