HM Ops 3A Risk Analyzsis · 15 cases X Zinc Cyanide, 6.1, UN 1713, PG I, Poison-Inhalation Hazard, (Marine Pollutant) 150 lbs. (PG) PACKING GROUP I = VERY DANGEROUS MATERIALS PACKING

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Hazardous Materials Operations Module 3A Risk

MODULE 3MODULE 3

BASIC HAZARD AND RISKASSESSMENTBASIC HAZARD AND RISKASSESSMENT HAZARD AND RISKHAZARD AND RISKHAZARD AND RISK

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

HAZARD ASSESSMENTHAZARD ASSESSMENT

1) OBTAIN INFORMATION

2) MAP THE DATA

3) DETERMINE HAZARDS

4) IDENTIFY VULNERABLEAREAS

5) CALCULATE RISKS

1) OBTAIN INFORMATION

2) MAP THE DATA

3) DETERMINE HAZARDS

4) IDENTIFY VULNERABLEAREAS

5) CALCULATE RISKS

“I SEE A LEAKINGCYLINDER OF

PROPANE”

RISK ASSESSMENTPRE-PLANNING

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENTPREPRE--PLANNINGPLANNING

1) Have there been incidents in the past?

2) Chances of future incidents

3) How can we minimize the risks?

1) Have there been incidents in the past?

2) Chances of future incidents

3) How can we minimize the risks?

PURPOSE OF IDENTIFICATION

1) OBTAIN NAME OF MATERIAL

2) DETERMINE THE HAZARDS AND RISKS

3) DETERMINE THE LIKELY OUTCOME

4) PREDICT LIKELY HARM WITHOUT INTERVENTION

PURPOSE OF IDENTIFICATIONPURPOSE OF IDENTIFICATION

1) OBTAIN NAME OF MATERIAL1) OBTAIN NAME OF MATERIAL

2) DETERMINE THE HAZARDS AND RISKS2) DETERMINE THE HAZARDS AND RISKS

3) DETERMINE THE LIKELY 3) DETERMINE THE LIKELY OUTCOMEOUTCOME

4) PREDICT LIKELY HARM 4) PREDICT LIKELY HARM WITHOUT INTERVENTIONWITHOUT INTERVENTION

INFORMATION

ASK FOR IT.

SEEK AND YOU SHALL FIND.

KNOW HOW TO USE IT DEFENSIVELY.

INFORMATIONINFORMATION

ASK FOR IT.ASK FOR IT.

SEEK AND YOU SHALL FIND.SEEK AND YOU SHALL FIND.

KNOW HOW TO USE IT DEFENSIVELY.KNOW HOW TO USE IT DEFENSIVELY.

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DEFENSIVE VS. OFFENSIVEACTIONS

DEFENSIVEDEFENSIVE VS. VS. OFFENSIVEOFFENSIVEACTIONSACTIONS

“no contact”

“potential contact”

THE D.E.C.I.D.E. PROCESSTHE THE D.E.C.I.D.E.D.E.C.I.D.E. PROCESSPROCESSDETECT PRESENCE

ESTIMATE LIKELY HARM WITHOUT INTERVENTION

CHOOSE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES

DDETECT ETECT PRESENCEPRESENCE

EESTIMATE LIKELY STIMATE LIKELY HARM WITHOUT HARM WITHOUT INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION

CCHOOSE HOOSE RESPONSE RESPONSE OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

IDENTIFY ACTION OPTIONS

DO THE BEST OPTION

EVALUATE PROGRESS

IIDENTIFY DENTIFY ACTION OPTIONSACTION OPTIONS

DDO THE BEST O THE BEST OPTIONOPTION

EEVALUATE VALUATE PROGRESSPROGRESS

DETECT THE PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

OCCUPANCY / LOCATIONOCCUPANCY / LOCATIONOCCUPANCY / LOCATIONCONTAINER SHAPESCONTAINER SHAPESCONTAINER SHAPES

MARKINGS & COLORSMARKINGS & COLORSMARKINGS & COLORSPLACARDS & LABELSPLACARDS & LABELSPLACARDS & LABELSSHIPPING PAPERSSHIPPING PAPERSSHIPPING PAPERSSENSESSENSESSENSES

WELL, WHERE SHOULD WE BEGIN?WELL, WHERE SHOULD WE BEGIN?OCCUPANCY / LOCATIONOCCUPANCY / LOCATIONOCCUPANCY / LOCATION

FIXED FACILITIESSTORAGE FACILITIESSTORAGE INCIDENTAL TO TRANSPORT

* types and quantities* modes & container

types* routes, time of day,

frequency* hazard vulnerability

FIXED FACILITIESFIXED FACILITIESSTORAGE FACILITIESSTORAGE FACILITIESSTORAGE INCIDENTAL STORAGE INCIDENTAL TO TRANSPORTTO TRANSPORT

** types and quantitiestypes and quantities** modes & container modes & container

typestypes** routes, time of day, routes, time of day,

frequencyfrequency** hazard vulnerabilityhazard vulnerability

Occupancy/LocationOccupancy/LocationCONTAINER SHAPESCONTAINER SHAPESCONTAINER SHAPES

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CYLINDERSCYLINDERS Railroad Tank CarsRailroad Tank Cars

WHAT CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT THIS CONTAINER?

WHAT CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT THIS CONTAINER?

Cargo Tank TrucksCargo Tank Trucks

MC-331 MC-312 (DOT-412)

MC-307 (DOT-407) MC-338

IntermodalIntermodal TransportTransport MARKINGS & COLORSMARKINGS & COLORSMARKINGS & COLORS

NFPA 704 SYSTEMRIGHT-TO-KNOW LABELINGPIPELINE MARKINGSDOT MARKINGS

NFPA 704 SYSTEMNFPA 704 SYSTEMRIGHTRIGHT--TOTO--KNOW KNOW LABELINGLABELINGPIPELINE MARKINGSPIPELINE MARKINGSDOT MARKINGSDOT MARKINGS

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PLACARDS & LABELSPLACARDS & LABELSPLACARDS & LABELS

PLACARDS AND LABELS WERE CREATED TO BE SIMPLE IN DESIGN YET STILL PRESENT NEEDED INFORMATION.

LOOK FOR :(1) THE COLOR(2) THE SYMBOL(3) THE CLASS OR DIVISION NUMBER(4) THE WORDS

PLACARDS AND LABELS PLACARDS AND LABELS WERE CREATED TO BE WERE CREATED TO BE SIMPLE IN DESIGN YET SIMPLE IN DESIGN YET STILL PRESENT NEEDED STILL PRESENT NEEDED INFORMATION. INFORMATION.

LOOK FOR :LOOK FOR :(1) THE COLOR(1) THE COLOR(2) THE SYMBOL(2) THE SYMBOL(3) THE CLASS OR DIVISION (3) THE CLASS OR DIVISION NUMBERNUMBER(4) THE WORDS(4) THE WORDS

© Copyright 1996 Galactic Software. All Rights Reserved.



SHIPPING PAPERS & OTHER DOCUMENTATION

SHIPPING PAPERS & SHIPPING PAPERS & OTHER DOCUMENTATIONOTHER DOCUMENTATION

SHIPPING DOCUMENT CONTAINS:

1) PROPER SHIPPING NAME2) HAZARD CLASS OR DIVISION

NUMBER3) 4 DIGIT ID NUMBER4) PACKAGE GROUP OR

HAZARD ZONE IDENTIFIER5) 24 HOUR EMERGENCY

RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBER

6) RESPONSE INFORMATION

SHIPPING DOCUMENT SHIPPING DOCUMENT CONTAINS:CONTAINS:

1) PROPER SHIPPING NAME1) PROPER SHIPPING NAME2) HAZARD CLASS OR DIVISION 2) HAZARD CLASS OR DIVISION

NUMBERNUMBER3) 4 DIGIT ID NUMBER3) 4 DIGIT ID NUMBER4) PACKAGE GROUP OR4) PACKAGE GROUP OR

HAZARD ZONE IDENTIFIERHAZARD ZONE IDENTIFIER5) 24 HOUR EMERGENCY 5) 24 HOUR EMERGENCY

RESPONSE TELEPHONE RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBERNUMBER

6) RESPONSE INFORMATION6) RESPONSE INFORMATION

OTHER DOCUMENTATION:WAYBILL & CONSIST FOR RAIL TRANSPORTAIRBILL FOR AIR TRANSPORTDANGEROUS CARGO MANIFEST FOR WATER TRANSPORTMSDS AND DHSS FACT SHEETS AT FIXED FACILITIES

OTHER DOCUMENTATION:OTHER DOCUMENTATION:WAYBILL & CONSIST FOR RAIL WAYBILL & CONSIST FOR RAIL TRANSPORTTRANSPORTAIRBILL FOR AIR TRANSPORTAIRBILL FOR AIR TRANSPORTDANGEROUS CARGO MANIFEST DANGEROUS CARGO MANIFEST FOR WATER TRANSPORTFOR WATER TRANSPORTMSDS AND DHSS FACT SHEETS MSDS AND DHSS FACT SHEETS AT FIXED FACILITIESAT FIXED FACILITIES

PACKINGGROUP #ID NO.DIVISION

NUMBER

EMERGENCY CONTACTTELEPHONE NUMBER

CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300

IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOUND ON SHIPPING PAPERS

NO.PACKAGES HM DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES AND SPECIFICATIONS WEIGHT

2 drums X Allyl Alcohol, 6.1, UN 1098, PG I, Poison-Inhalation Hazard, Zone B 100 lbs.

25 pkg X Sodium Phosphide, 4.3, UN 1432, PG I, Dangerous When Wet 2,000 lbs.

20 pkg RQ Sulfuric Acid, 8, UN 1830, PGII 1,304 lbs.

15 cases X Zinc Cyanide, 6.1, UN 1713, PG I, Poison-Inhalation Hazard, (Marine Pollutant) 150 lbs.

(PG) PACKING GROUP I = VERY DANGEROUS MATERIALSPACKING GROUP II = MODERATE DANGER

PACKING GROUP III = MINOR DANGERHAZARD ZONES A & B = EXTREME DANGER SMALL CONCENTRATIONS

HAZARD ZONE C = VERY DANGEROUS LARGER CONCENTRATIONSHAZARD ZONE D = DANGEROUS LARGER CONCENTRATIONS

SHIPPING NAME

DHSS Fact SheetsDHSS Fact SheetsNew Jersey Department of Health and Senior ServicesNew Jersey Department of Health and Senior ServicesHAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEETHAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FACT SHEETCommon Name: Common Name: GASOLINEGASOLINECAS Number: 8006CAS Number: 8006--6161--99DOT Number: UN 1203DOT Number: UN 1203--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HAZARD SUMMARYHAZARD SUMMARYIDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATIONREASON FOR CITATIONREASON FOR CITATIONHOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEINGHOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEINGEXPOSEDEXPOSEDWORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITSWORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITSWAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSUREWAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSUREHEALTH HAZARD INFORMATIONHEALTH HAZARD INFORMATIONAcute Health EffectsAcute Health EffectsChronic Health EffectsChronic Health EffectsCancer HazardCancer HazardReproductive HazardReproductive HazardOther LongOther Long--Term EffectsTerm EffectsMEDICALMEDICALMedical TestingMedical TestingWORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICESWORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTPERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTHANDLING AND STORAGEHANDLING AND STORAGEQUESTIONS AND ANSWERSQUESTIONS AND ANSWERSIndustrial Hygiene InformationIndustrial Hygiene InformationMedical EvaluationMedical EvaluationDEFINITIONSDEFINITIONSFIRE HAZARDSFIRE HAZARDSSPILLS AND EMERGENCIESSPILLS AND EMERGENCIESHANDLING AND STORAGE HANDLING AND STORAGE ( See page 3 )( See page 3 )FIRST AIDFIRST AIDIn NJ, POISON INFORMATION 1In NJ, POISON INFORMATION 1--800800--962962--12531253Eye ContactEye ContactBreathingBreathingPHYSICAL DATAPHYSICAL DATAFlash PointFlash Point: : --50 50 oo F (F (--45.6 45.6 oo C)C)Water SolubilityWater Solubility: Insoluble: InsolubleOTHER COMMONLY USED NAMESOTHER COMMONLY USED NAMESChemical Name:Chemical Name:GasolineGasolineOther Names:Other Names:PetrolPetrol

SENSESSENSESSENSESChemical/Biological AgentsChemical/Biological Agents

The probability of a major The probability of a major chemchem/bio incident /bio incident is difficult to quantifyis difficult to quantify

but remember:but remember:

A A chemchem/bio incident is still a hazmat incident./bio incident is still a hazmat incident.

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Chemical/Biological Terrorism EventsChemical/Biological Terrorism Events

The public safety community must be able to The public safety community must be able to address:address:–– evacuationevacuation–– containmentcontainment–– neutralizationneutralization–– removalremoval–– cleanupcleanup–– disposaldisposal

Chemical/Biological Terrorism ScenariosChemical/Biological Terrorism Scenarios

Sabotage of a siteSabotage of a siteHijack or destroy transportHijack or destroy transportDiscovery of a “bomb factory”Discovery of a “bomb factory”Dispersal of Dispersal of chemchem/bio agents among population/bio agents among populationContamination of public water or food suppliesContamination of public water or food supplies

ororCredible threat to accomplish one of the aboveCredible threat to accomplish one of the above

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Haz. Mat. Operations Module 3 1

HazHaz. Mat. Operations. Mat. Operations WHAT ARE YOUR INITIAL ACTIONS?WHAT ARE YOUR INITIAL ACTIONS?WHAT ARE YOUR INITIAL ACTIONS?

ESTIMATE LIKELY HARM WITHOUT INTERVENTIONESTIMATE LIKELY HARM WITHOUT INTERVENTIONANALYZEANALYZE A HAZMAT INCIDENT TO DETERMINE THEA HAZMAT INCIDENT TO DETERMINE THEMAGNITUDEMAGNITUDE(1) SURVEY INCIDENT(1) SURVEY INCIDENT

-- WHAT DO I HAVE?WHAT DO I HAVE?

-- WHAT DO I NEED?WHAT DO I NEED?

-- WHO IS IN COMMAND?WHO IS IN COMMAND?(2) COLLECT HAZARD AND RESPONSE INFORMATION(2) COLLECT HAZARD AND RESPONSE INFORMATION

(4) ESTIMATE THE POTENTIAL HARM(4) ESTIMATE THE POTENTIAL HARM

(3) PREDICT THE LIKELY BEHAVIOR OF THE MATERIAL(3) PREDICT THE LIKELY BEHAVIOR OF THE MATERIALAND IT’S CONTAINERAND IT’S CONTAINER

-- WHAT WILL IT DO?WHAT WILL IT DO?

-- FLAMMABILITY & REACTIVITY HAZARDSFLAMMABILITY & REACTIVITY HAZARDS

-- POTENTIAL HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSPOTENTIAL HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

-- FEATURES OF THE SITE OR AREA / EXPOSURES?FEATURES OF THE SITE OR AREA / EXPOSURES?

-- WHAT AM I GOING TO DO?WHAT AM I GOING TO DO?

AND NOW WHAT?AND NOW WHAT?AND NOW WHAT?

PLAN AN INITIAL RESPONSE WITHIN THE

CAPABILITIES AND COMPETENCIES OF YOUR

DEPARTMENT.

1) DESCRIBE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES

2) DESCRIBE DEFENSE OPTIONS

3) DETERMINE IF PPE IS APPROPRIATE

4) IDENTIFY EMERGENCY DECON

PROCEDURES

PLAN AN INITIAL RESPONSE WITHIN THE PLAN AN INITIAL RESPONSE WITHIN THE

CAPABILITIES AND COMPETENCIES OF YOUR CAPABILITIES AND COMPETENCIES OF YOUR

DEPARTMENT.DEPARTMENT.

1) DESCRIBE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES1) DESCRIBE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES

2) DESCRIBE DEFENSE OPTIONS2) DESCRIBE DEFENSE OPTIONS

3) DETERMINE IF PPE IS APPROPRIATE3) DETERMINE IF PPE IS APPROPRIATE

4) IDENTIFY EMERGENCY DECON 4) IDENTIFY EMERGENCY DECON

PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

CHOOSE THE RESPONSE OBJECTIVESCHOOSE THE RESPONSE OBJECTIVESIS THERE MORE?IS THERE MORE?

IDENTIFY THE ACTION OPTIONSIDENTIFY THE ACTION OPTIONS

1) TAKE TIME TO CONSIDER ALL PRACTICAL 1) TAKE TIME TO CONSIDER ALL PRACTICAL OPTIONSOPTIONS

2) DEFINE YOUR TACTICS AT THIS POINT2) DEFINE YOUR TACTICS AT THIS POINT

O.K., WHAT’S NEXT?O.K., WHAT’S NEXT?O.K., WHAT’S NEXT?

IMPLEMENT THE PLANNED RESPONSE.1) ESTABLISH AND ENFORCE SCENE CONTROL2) INITIATE THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM3) DON, WORK IN, AND DOFF PPE PROVIDED BY THE

AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION4) PERFORM DEFENSIVE CONTROL FUNCTIONS

IMPLEMENT THE PLANNED RESPONSE.IMPLEMENT THE PLANNED RESPONSE.1) ESTABLISH AND ENFORCE SCENE CONTROL1) ESTABLISH AND ENFORCE SCENE CONTROL2) INITIATE THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM2) INITIATE THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM3) DON, WORK IN, AND DOFF PPE PROVIDED BY THE 3) DON, WORK IN, AND DOFF PPE PROVIDED BY THE

AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTIONAUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION4) PERFORM DEFENSIVE CONTROL FUNCTIONS4) PERFORM DEFENSIVE CONTROL FUNCTIONS

DO THE BEST OPTIONDO THE BEST OPTIONAND, FINALLY...AND, FINALLY...AND, FINALLY...

EVALUATE YOUR PROGRESS

ENSURE THAT THE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES ARE MET SAFELY.1) EVALUATE STATUS OF THE DEFENSIVE ACTIONS2) COMMUNICATE THE STATUS OF THE PLANNED

RESPONSE

EVALUATE YOUR PROGRESS

ENSURE THAT THE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES ARE MET ENSURE THAT THE RESPONSE OBJECTIVES ARE MET SAFELY.SAFELY.1) EVALUATE STATUS OF THE DEFENSIVE ACTIONS1) EVALUATE STATUS OF THE DEFENSIVE ACTIONS2) COMMUNICATE THE STATUS OF THE PLANNED 2) COMMUNICATE THE STATUS OF THE PLANNED

RESPONSERESPONSE

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Risk Assessment & Events AnalysisRisk Assessment & Events Analysis

Events analysis is the process used to help you visualize what is likely to happen in an emergency.

Estimating likely harm without intervention is defining the problem that exists.

Events analysis is the process used to help you visualize what is likely to happen in an emergency.

Estimating likely harm without intervention is defining the problem that exists.

POTENTIAL OUTCOMES WITHOUT INTERVENTIONPOTENTIAL OUTCOMES WITHOUT INTERVENTION

Categories:Categories: WillWillIntervention Intervention Help?Help?

FatalitiesFatalities yes/noyes/noInjuriesInjuries yes/noyes/noSystems disruptionSystems disruption yes/noyes/noEnvironmental damageEnvironmental damage yes/noyes/noProperty damageProperty damage yes/noyes/no

REASONS FOR USING SEVERAL REFERENCES

1) TO ID THE MATERIAL

2) IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE POTENTIAL HAZARDS

3) CROSS REFERENCE ITS PROPERTIESTO AVOID RESPONSE MISTAKES

4) ASSIST IN DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION PLAN

REASONS FOR USING SEVERAL REASONS FOR USING SEVERAL REFERENCESREFERENCES

1) TO ID THE MATERIAL1) TO ID THE MATERIAL

2) IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE 2) IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE POTENTIAL HAZARDSPOTENTIAL HAZARDS

3) CROSS REFERENCE ITS PROPERTIES3) CROSS REFERENCE ITS PROPERTIESTO AVOID RESPONSE MISTAKESTO AVOID RESPONSE MISTAKES

4) ASSIST IN DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION PLAN4) ASSIST IN DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION PLAN

INHERENT PROPERTIES AND QUANTITY OF MATERIALINHERENT PROPERTIES AND QUANTITY OF MATERIAL

© Copyright 1996 Galactic Software.All Rights Reserved.

PHYSICAL STATEPHYSICAL STATE

HEALTH HAZARDSHEALTH HAZARDS REACTIVITYREACTIVITY

FLAMMABILITYFLAMMABILITY

CHEMICAL STRESSCHEMICAL STRESS

BUILT-IN CHARACTERISTICSOF THE CONTAINER

BUILT-IN CHARACTERISTICSOF THE CONTAINER

THERMAL STRESSTHERMAL STRESSMECHANICAL STRESSMECHANICAL STRESS

ETIOLOGICAL STRESSETIOLOGICAL STRESS

IRRADIATIONIRRADIATION

E=M

C2

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(TERRAIN, WEATHER, EXPOSURES)(TERRAIN, WEATHER, EXPOSURES)

General Hazardous Material events:General Hazardous Material events:

STRESSSTRESSBREACHBREACHRELEASERELEASEENGULFENGULFIMPINGEIMPINGEHARMHARM

General Hazardous Material eventsGeneral Hazardous Material events

((Event Interruption PrincipalsEvent Interruption Principals):):

STRESS:Influence applied stressesRedirect impingementShield stressed systemsMove stressed system

STRESS:Influence applied stressesRedirect impingementShield stressed systemsMove stressed system



BREACH:Influence breach sizeChill contentsLimit stress levelActivate venting devices

BREACH:Influence breach sizeChill contentsLimit stress levelActivate venting devices



RELEASE:Influence quantity releasedChange container positionMinimize pressure differentialCap off breach

RELEASE:Influence quantity releasedChange container positionMinimize pressure differentialCap off breach



ENGULF:Influence size of danger zoneInitiate controlled ignitionErect dikes or damsDilute

ENGULF:Influence size of danger zoneInitiate controlled ignitionErect dikes or damsDilute

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IMPINGE:Influence exposures impingedProvide shieldingBegin isolation and/or evacuation

IMPINGE:Influence exposures impingedProvide shieldingBegin isolation and/or evacuation



HARM:Influence severity of injuryRinse off contaminantIncrease distance from sourceProvide shielding

HARM:Influence severity of injuryRinse off contaminantIncrease distance from sourceProvide shielding

Levels of IncidentsLevels of Incidents

Scenario One:Scenario One:Small leak in a tank car placarded UN# 1051Small leak in a tank car placarded UN# 1051

What is the incident level?What is the incident level?What would you do?What would you do?


Scenario Two:Scenario Two:Truck with leaking Nitrogen cylinders.Truck with leaking Nitrogen cylinders.What is the incident level?What is the incident level?What would you do?What would you do?


Scenario Three:Scenario Three:Leaking MC 306. Placarded UN# 1203.Leaking MC 306. Placarded UN# 1203.


Level of IncidentsLevel of Incidents

Scenario Four:Scenario Four:Placing dome clamp.Placing dome clamp.


Documents

HM Ops 3A Risk Analyzsis · 15 cases X Zinc Cyanide, 6.1, UN 1713, PG I, Poison-Inhalation Hazard, (Marine Pollutant) 150 lbs. (PG) PACKING GROUP I = VERY DANGEROUS MATERIALS PACKING