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History of Manned Space Explora5on Timeline
• Nicholas Copernicus – (1473 – 1543) the first astronomer to teach that the SUN (not the Earth) was the center of the solar system.
• Galileo Galilei – built the first telescope in 1609 and proved Copernicus correct.
• Johannes Kepler develops Laws of Planetary Mo5on, the founda5on for space travel.
• 1947 -‐ Chuck Yeager breaks the sound barrier. The SPACE RACE between the US and Russia begins.
• RUSSIA: History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first ar5ficial satellite.
• USA: USA puts together “Vanguard Program” to counter the Russian space race. Dec. 6, 1957 – The first Vanguard missile exploded on the launch pad. Out of 11 Vanguard missions, only 3 were successful.In addi5on, the public feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites also meant they could carry ballis5c missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S.
• USA: In response to the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 the U.S. started the Explorer Program. They built Explorer 1 in 84 days and launched it on January 31, 1958. • Mar. 17 -‐ The Vanguard 1 satellite is launched successfully . It con5nues to func5on for 3 years. • The Na,onal Aeronau,cs and Space Administra,on (NASA) is an agency of the US government responsible for the na5on's public space program. Established on July 29, 1958, by the Na5onal Aeronau5cs and Space Act.
• RUSSIA: Before work was completed on Explorer 1, the Soviet Union launched a second satellite, Sputnik 2 on November 3, 1957, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika.
• RUSSIA: Yuri Gagarin orbits the Earth once in Volstok 1 and becomes the first man in space. (Russia, April 12th 1961)
• USA: The Mercury Program (1960 – 1962) • USA: Alan B. Shepard becomes the first American in space. (USA, May 5th 1961)
• Project Mercury began on October 7, 1958, one year and three days ader the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 and was the United States' first manned space program. The objec5ves of the program, which was made up of six manned flights from 1961 to 1963, were specific: 1) to orbit a manned spacecrad around Earth, 2) to inves5gate man's ability to func5on in space and 3) to recover both man and spacecrad safely. Astronauts included: 1. Alan B. Shepard (1st USA in space) John Glenn 2. Virgil “Gus” Grissom 3. John Glenn
• USA: John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth. (February 20, 1962)
1473
1609
1600s
1947
1957
1958
1958-‐1962
History of Manned Space Explora5on Timeline
RUSSIA: The Soviet Union achieved yet another first when it launched not only the first woman, but also the first civilian, in space-‐-‐ Valen5na Tereshkova, on 16 June 1963, in Vostok 6. This was mostly for propaganda value.
Gemini Program (1964-‐1966) • USA: Was a manned space program to put 2 men into space – hence the name Gemini which means twin. Gus Grissom and John Young fly the first manned Gemini spacecrad.
RUSSIA: Soyuz 1 was launched into orbit on April 23, 1967 carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov, Soyuz 1 was the first flight of the Soyuz spacecrad. The mission plan was complex, involving a rendezvous with Soyuz 2, swapping crew members before returning to Earth. Soyuz 1 was plagued with technical issues, and Komarov was killed when the spacecrad crashed during its return to Earth. This was the first confirmed in-‐flight fatality in the history of spaceflight.
Having lost the race to the moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space sta5ons, including Salyut 1, the 1st space sta5on (April 19, 1971).
Apollo Program (1966-‐1972) • USA: The Apollo program was designed to land humans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth. Six of the missions (Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17) achieved this goal. • January 27th, 1967 -‐Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee are killed when a fire ignites in their Apollo 1 capsule while performing a test on the launch pad.
• July 20th 1969 -‐ Apollo 11: The first manned mission to land on the Moon. Launched July 16, 1969 and landed July 20. Astronauts: Neil Alden Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, Jr. Michael Collins. Collins orbits the moon, while Armstrong and Aldrin land on the moon.
• USA: Skylab was a space sta5on launched and operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems.
USSR: Mir space sta5on remains ac5ve from 1986-‐2001, conduc5ng experiments, including those on the long-‐term effects of space.
Space ShuMle Program (1980-‐2011) USA: The US space shukle was designed to be launched into space by rockets and then to return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down and landing on a runway. It was first used in the 1980’s. It is the first reusable spacecrad. ShuMles: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlan:s. Challenger was destroyed on launch in 1986, and Endeavour was built as a replacement. Columbia was destroyed on re-‐entry in 2003.
The Interna,onal Space Sta,on (1998-‐Present) A joint effort between 5 space agencies. The agencies include the US, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe. The sta5on has con5nuous people staying since it was first occupied in 2000.
1964-‐1966
1966-‐1972
1970s-‐1980s
1980-‐2011
1998-‐Present
• BLANK VERSION
History of Manned Space Explora5on Timeline
• Nicholas Copernicus – (1473 – 1543) the first astronomer to teach that the _____________ (not the Earth) was the center of the solar system.
• Galileo Galilei – built the first ________________ in 1609 and proved Copernicus correct.
• Johannes _________ -‐ develops Laws of Planetary Mo5on, the founda5on for space travel.
• 1947 -‐ ___________________________ breaks the sound barrier. The SPACE RACE between the US and Russia begins.
• RUSSIA: History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched _______________________. The world's first ar5ficial satellite.
• USA: USA puts together “Vanguard Program” to counter the Russian space race. Dec. 6, 1957 – The first Vanguard missile exploded on the launch pad. Out of 11 Vanguard missions, only 3 were successful.In addi5on, the public feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites also meant they could carry ballis5c missiles that could carry ____________________ from Europe to the U.S.
• Explorer Program • USA: In response to the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 the U.S. started the ______________ Program. They built Explorer 1 in 84 days and launched it on January 31, 1958. • Mar. 17 -‐ The Vanguard 1 satellite is launched successfully . It con5nues to func5on for 3 years. • The _____________________________________________________________ (NASA) is an agency of the US government responsible for the na5on's public space program. Established on July 29, 1958, by the Na5onal Aeronau5cs and Space Act.
• RUSSIA: Before work was completed on Explorer 1, the Soviet Union launched a second satellite, _________________ on November 3, 1957, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named ________________.
• RUSSIA: ________________________ orbits the Earth once in Volstok 1 and becomes the first man in space. (Russia, April 12th 1961)
• USA: The Mercury Program (1960 – 1962) • USA: ________________ becomes the first American in space. (USA, May 5th 1961)
• Project Mercury began on October 7, 1958, one year and three days ader the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 and was the United States' first manned space program. The objec5ves of the program, which was made up of six manned flights from 1961 to 1963, were specific: 1) to orbit a manned spacecrad around Earth, 2) to inves5gate man's ability to func5on in space and 3) to recover both man and spacecrad safely. Astronauts included: 1. Alan B. Shepard (1st USA in space) John Glenn 2. Virgil “Gus” Grissom 3. John Glenn
• USA: ___________________was the first American to orbit the Earth. (February 20, 1962)
1473
1609
1600s
1947
1957
1958
1958-‐ 1962
History of Manned Space Explora5on Timeline
RUSSIA: The Soviet Union achieved yet another first when it launched not only the first woman, but also the first civilian, in space-‐-‐ Valen5na Tereshkova, on 16 June 1963, in Vostok 6. This was mostly for propaganda value.
______________________ Program (1964-‐1966) • USA: Was a manned space program to put 2 men into space – hence the name Gemini which means twin. Gus Grissom and John Young fly the first manned Gemini spacecrad.
RUSSIA: Soyuz 1 was launched into orbit on April 23, 1967 carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov, Soyuz 1 was the first flight of the Soyuz spacecrad. The mission plan was complex, involving a rendezvous with Soyuz 2, swapping crew members before returning to Earth. Soyuz 1 was plagued with technical issues, and Komarov was killed when the spacecrad crashed during its return to Earth. This was the first confirmed in-‐flight fatality in the history of spaceflight.
Having lost the race to the moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on __________________________, including Salyut 1, the 1st space sta5on (April 19, 1971).
Apollo Program (1966-‐1972) • USA: The Apollo program was designed to land humans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth. Six of the missions (Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17) achieved this goal. • January 27th, 1967 -‐Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee are killed when a fire ignites in their Apollo 1 capsule while performing a test on the launch pad.
• July 20th 1969 -‐ ___________: The first manned mission to land on the Moon. Launched July 16, 1969 and landed July 20. Astronauts: ___________________,_______________ Michael Collins. Collins orbits the moon, while Armstrong and Aldrin land on the moon.
• By the 1970s the SPACE RACE fizzled as both countries shared technology/missions. • USA: _________________ was a space sta5on launched and operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. USSR: _______________space sta5on remains ac5ve from 1986-‐2001, conduc5ng experiments, including those on the long-‐term effects of space.
Space ShuMle Program (1980-‐2011) USA: The US ___________________was designed to be launched into space by rockets and then to return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down and landing on a runway. It was first used in the 1980’s. It is the first __________________spacecrad. ShuMles: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlan:s. ________________________ was destroyed on launch in 1986, and Endeavour was built as a replacement. ____________________ was destroyed on re-‐entry in 2003.
The Interna,onal Space Sta,on (1998-‐Present) A joint effort between 5 space agencies. The agencies include the US, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe. The sta5on has con5nuous people staying since it was first occupied in 2000.
1964-‐ 1966
1966-‐ 1972
1970s-‐ 1980s
1980-‐ 2011
1998-‐Present
