History terms for the USH jaknow

8/13/2019 History terms for the USH jaknow

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1. William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan was nominated for president by the Democrac

Party aer he delivered his Cross of Gold speech. He had the support of Populists, but faced many

other conicts. Since Bryan favored bimetallism, the gold bug Democrats nominated their own

candidate. In addion to that, consumers feared inaon since goods would become more expensive. In

contrast to William McKinley, William Jennings Bryan campaigned in 27 states and won about 6.5 million

votes with the South and farm vote of the Middle West in his favor. Because of the fear of inaon,William Jennings Bryan did not win the elecon.

2. George A. Custer George Armstrong Custer was a Civil War hero and colonel in the Seventh Cavalry

who was sent by the army to invesgate the the Black Hills for gold. Custer also led an army to ght

against the Nave Americans. He underesmated the amount of Nave American warriors he would be

ghng against and also red out his troops and horses. This led to his defeat and death in under 20

minutes.

3. William McKinley William McKinley was a conservave Ohioan who was nominated for president by

the Republican Party. He campaigned from his front porch and had many well-known people speak on

his behalf. McKinley won 7 million votes with the East in his favor. McKinley was elected president and

crushed the hopes of farmers.

4. Edwin L. Drake Edwin L. Drake was a rered railroad conductor who successfully drilled for oil using a

steam engine. This made the removal of oil from the earth's surface much easier and praccal. This

caused an oil boom to spread to Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. The oil gathered was transformed

to kerosene by entrepreneurs.

5. Thomas Alva Edison Edison established the world's rst research laboratory in Menlo Park, New

Jersey in 1876. In addion to perfecng the light bulb, he invented a system for the producon and

distribuon of electrical power. The company that was established by Edison created power plants across

the naon. The ability to use electricity changed businesses all around America. It ran machines and

became available in homes which caused the increase in appliances. The outward growth of cies andcheap, ecient traveling was made possible by electric streetcars. Industries increased as well due to the

ability to locate plants without being near sources of power.

6. Andrew Carnegie Carnegie came to America at the age of 13 and worked in a coon mill. He then

started o as a messenger for the telegraph service and worked his way up to become a skilled

telegrapher and head of the messenger service. Then, Carnegie was hired as a private secretary by

Thomas A. Sco. Carnegie worked alone to untangle a mess with freight and passenger trains one night

when Sco was out by relaying messages. Sco rewarded him by allowing him to buy stock. With the

help of his mother, Carnegie received his rst share of the prots. Carnegie was one of the rst to make

his own fortune. Since he started o poor, but worked his way up to become rich, Carnegie was seen as a

model for American success stories.

7. Horao Alger Horao Alger was a famous writer of 135 novels which centered on rags to riches.

These novels supported the idea that while maintaining model behavior, people would have beer

circumstances. The characters in the novel worked hard and so were granted good luck. This made

people think that in order to have good luck and to have things work out for them, they would have to

be hard workers.


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15. Massacre at Sand Creek The Cheyenne was forced to move into the barren area of Colorado called

the Sand Creek Reserve. They began to raid nearby selements for food and supplies and then were

urged to go to Fort Lyon where they were not to be harmed. The Cheyenne did not have any evil

intenons. General S.R. Curs demanded that the Nave Americans should suer and John Chivington,

in response, took his troops to fulll this. On November 29, 1864, Chivington brought his troops to the

sleeping village of Sand Creek and aacked the Nave Americans. About 200 of the Nave Americanswere murdered and Chivington was called a hero.

16. Dawes Act The Dawes Act was a means to assimilate the Nave Americans into white culture. The

goal was to create a desire in Nave Americans to own land and to farm. The Dawes Act took

reservaons and distributed them to adult Nave Americans. The remainder of the reservaons would

be sold to selers and the income would be used for farm implements. However, the Nave Americans

did not receive anything from the income.

17. Ghost Dance While the Sioux connued to suer, they to turned to Wovoka who was a prophet.

Wovoka had a vision that the Nave Americans would have their lands restored, as well as the bualo,

and the whites would disappear. Wovoka said that in order for this vision to happen, the Ghost Dance

would have to be performed. The Ghost Dance spread among the Sioux and caused military leaders to

become alarmed. This caused them to arrest Sing Bull, but Sing Bull's bodyguard opened re and

triggered a free-for-all. Sing Bull was killed and his horse sat down and performed tricks that it had

learned in the Wild West Show. These tricks were believed to be the Ghost Dance.

18. Bale of Wounded Knee Aer the death of Sing Bull, the Seventh Cavalry gathered 350 Sioux

Nave Americans and brought them to Wounded Knee Creek. They proceeded to demand that the

Nave Americans give up their weapons and one Nave American resisted by opening re. This caused

the soldiers to ght back using canons. 300 unarmed Nave Americans were killed by the Seventh

Cavalry and this was called the Bale of Wounded Knee.

19. Munn v. Illinois Because the government was abusing the railroads, the Grangers set out to takeacon. In 1871, Illinois was under pressure and therefore, authorized to maximize freight and passenger

rates and prohibit discriminaon. Grangers tried to convince other state legislatures to pass laws like

this. A fund was set up by the Grangers in order to help cizens sue for violaons against the Granger

laws. The queson whether the regulatory laws were unconstuonal or not was in debate. In the

Supreme Court case of Munn v. Illinois, the Granger laws were upheld by a seven to two vote. In

conclusion, the states won the right to regulate the railroads in favor of farmers and consumers. This also

led to the right of federal governments to regulate private industries to serve the public interest.

20. Social Darwinism This philosophy was built on the theory of biological evoluon by Charles Darwin.

Darwin observed that certain traits of an individual pass onto the next generaon while others do not;

this was called natural selecon. Natural selecon was basically the process of eliminang the weakerfrom the stronger and allowed the stronger to connue. Social Darwinism was used to jusfy laissez faire

by Herbert Spencer. He stated that free compeon in economy was much like natural selecon. William

Graham, a polical science professor at Yale University, furthered this juscaon and stated that

success and failure in the business world was governed by natural law. Social Darwinism was then used

to support the belief that fortune was simply a sign of God's favor.


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21. Knights of Labor Uriah Stephens organized this in 1868. The Knights of Labor were in favor of

individual workers rather than the merging of unions. The Knights of Labor were known not to

discriminate against anyone who wanted to join. Men and women were paid equally and strikes were

avoided. In order to calm disagreements between laborers and manufacturers, imparal people were

employed.

22. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Also known as the Wobblies, the IWW was formed by

radical unionists and socialists in order to try to achieve beer condions for workers. The IWW was led

by William Haywood, also known as Big Bill, and included a variety of workers. The IWW diered from

the ARU because they welcomed women and African Americans.

23. The Great Chicago Fire The Great Chicago Fire started on a barn on October 8th, 1871. The re

spread to the city of Chicago and proceeded to destroy a great deal of Chicago due to the use of wood

for construcon. About three hundred people died and one hundred thousand lost homes.

24. Social Gospel Movement Social welfare reformers turned their aenon towards helping

immigrants and city dwellers. The Social Gospel Movement was a reform program that preached

salvaon through service to the poor. This kind of salvaon was called applied Chrisanity by somepeople and inspired the growth of churches in poorer communies. Applied Chrisanity also

inuenced business leaders to treat workers fairly.

25. Pendleton Act The act, enacted in 1883, authorized government jobs to people on the basis of

merit. There were certain consequences of this act; the amount of federal jobs awarded to people were

increasing and public administraon was becoming both ecient and honest, the other was that

policians had to nd other sources of funds which were wealthy business owners.

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History terms for the USH jaknow