History of the Mass Rapid Transit

8/7/2019 History of the Mass Rapid Transit

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1.5 Nearing completion

2 Subsequent extensions

2.1 North South Line Woodlands Extension

2.2 Expo Station

2.3 Dover Station

2.4 Changi Airport Station

2.5 North East Line

2.6 East West Line Boon Lay Extension

2.7 Circle Line

3 History of the system map

3.1 1987 to 1996

3.2 1996 to 30 July 2001

3.3 31 July 2001 to date

4 History of station and train announcements

4.1 1987 to 2008

4.2 2008 to date

4.3 20 June 2003 to date (for North East Line only)

4.4 30 May 2009 to date (Circle Line passengers change to Other

Lines Only)

5 History of the ticketing system

5.1 1987 to 2002

5.2 2002 to 2009

5.3 2009 to date

Construction of backbone network

Conceptualisation

The idea of constructing a rapid transit line in the country was initiated in 1967, when a four year State

and City Planning study conducted by the Singapore government and the United Nations

Development Programme. It was part of an urban renewal and development project which aimed to

formulate a long-term comprehensive concept plan for guiding the country's future physical

development. It was concluded that physical land constraints faced by the island nation, was not able


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to accommodate more roads to meet the rise in transportation demands. It was noted that the city

state needed a rail transit system by 1992.

Bus vs. rail debate

It took 10 years since 1972 to design the MRT system, which continued all the way until the

government gave permission to build the MRT.

Between 1972 and 1980, the participants of the study was the late President Ong Teng Cheong. He

was then a member of theMinistry of National Development's Planning Department, after

returning from overseas studies that same year. He became a fervent supporter and advocate of a rail

based system; being an architect and an urban planner placed him in good stead. During the study,

other countries were visited to study the technology and efforts needed to build the MRT system.

When he became the then-Minister for Communications (now the Ministry of Transport), he had to

convince the cabinet in a debate in early 1980, that the S$ 5 billion needed for the system would be

beneficial for the long-term development of Singapore. He argued that

"this is going to be the most expensive single project to be undertaken in Singapore. The last

thing that we want to do is to squander away our hard-earned reserves and leave behind

enormous debt for our children and our grandchildren. Now since we are sure that this is not

going to be the case, we'll proceed with the MRT, and the MRT will usher in a new phase in

Singapore's development and bring about a better life for all of us."

Therefore, a provisional Mass Rapid Transit Authority was established in July 1980, after thedebate. However, Mr Ong faced strong opposition from other members of the cabinet, by

Finance MinisterGoh Keng Swee, due especially to the heavy investments involved. A team

of specialists from Harvard University, recommended that an all-bus system would be sufficient

into the 1990s, and would cost 50% less than a rail-based system.

Later on, two independent American transport and urban planning specialist teams were then

appointed by the government to conduct their own independent reviews as part of the

Comprehensive Traffic Study in 1981. This debate was also brought to national television in

September 1980, which was rare at that time. The study came to a conclusion that an all-bussystem would be inadequate as it would have to compete for road space which would have been

increasingly overcrowded by then. The problem would be solved by building a rail system. Mr

Ong hence declared in triumph on 28 March 1982, that

"the Government has now taken a firm decision to build the MRT. The MRT is much more

than a transport investment, and must be viewed in its wider economic perspective. The

boost it'll provide to long term investors' confidence, the multiplier effect and how MRT will

lead to the enhancement of the intrinsic value of Singapore's real estate are spin-offs that

cannot be ignored."

Construction begins
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The permission to begin the construction of Singapore's then-largest public works project

was given in May 1982. A ground-breaking ceremony commenced the construction on 22

October 1983 at Shan Road. The majority of the work was expected to be completed in

1992. This included 67 km of track to be constructed, with 42 stations, of which 26 would

be elevated, 1 at grade and 15 underground. The network was constructed in stages, with

the North South Line given priority as the line passed through the Orchard

Road corridor as well as theCentral Area, both of which faced a high demand for public

transport. Also, it was near the more densely populated housing estates such as Toa

Payoh andAng Mo Kio. The MRT Corporation, nowLand Transport Authority, was

established on 14 October 1983, taking over the roles and responsibilities of the former

provisional Mass Rapid Transit Authority. On 6 August 1987, it set upSMRT

Corporation.

Initial opening

On 7 November 1987, the first 6 kilometres of the North South Linefrom Yio Chu

Kang to Toa Payoh went into operation. The novelty resulted in thousands flocking to

the 5 station segment of the line just to experience and try out the system. At the launching

ofToa Payoh Station, Mr Ong was quoted as saying that

"this is like a 20-year affair from conception to delivery. Now the baby is born, to say that I am

happy and pleased is an understatement."

Nine more stations from Novenato Outram Parkwere officially opened 12

December 1987 by thenDeputy Prime MinisterGoh Chok Tong. These trains

ran as a through service from one end to the other even though Tanjong

PagarandOutram Parkwere on the East West Line.

On 12 March 1988, with the opening of six more stations fromTiong

Bahru to Clemention the East West Line,City Hall and Raffles

Place become interchange stations between the two lines. On the same day, the

system was officially launched by MrLee Kuan Yew, thenPrime Minister of

Singapore.

Nearing completion

The rest of the system opened rapidly in stages.

5 November 1988: Three stations on East West Line fromJurong

East to Lakeside were opened.

20 December 1988: Two stations onNorth South

Line from Khatibto Yishun were opened, completing the Northern section of

the line.
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4 November 1989: Marina Bay, the last station on the North South Line,

was opened. Also opened were nine stations on the East West

Line from Bugisto Tanah Merah. Hence forth, the system started to run as a

two-line system, with the 2-level interchanges coming into full operation at City

Hall and Raffles Place.

16 December 1989: Three stations onEast West Linefrom Simei to Pasir

Riswere opened, completing the Eastern section of the line.

10 March 1990: Three stations on a Branch Line starting from Jurong

East to Choa Chu Kangwere opened.

On 6 July 1990, the last station on theEast West Line,Boon Lay, was

opened, which marked the completion of the system two years ahead of

schedule.

Subsequent extensions

North South Line Woodlands Extension

Less than a year after the completion of the MRT project, the government announced

in February 1991 their intentions to extend the system to Woodlands. Construction

commenced in 1993, and the 16 km, 6 station elevated line was opened on 10

February 1996 at a total cost of S$1.2 billion. With this extension, the North South

Line included the three stations on the former Choa Chu Kang Branch Line (Jurong

East to Choa Chu Kang), forming a continuous line from Jurong

East to Marina Bay.

The construction of the extension was not without political fallout. For a long time, the

politicians representing residences in the North-East area of the island had been

calling for the construction of a planned North East Line. The announcement of the

Woodlands Extension led to protests especially from opposition members of

parliament, in particular fromChiam See Tong and Low Thia Khiang,

representatives of Potong Pasir and Hougang constituencies respectively, with bothareas potentially benefiting from such a line. The opposition members accused the

government of favouring the Woodlands Extension over the North East Linedue to

opposition representation in the north-east area, arguing that there were far more

residents in the north-east compared to the north, and questioned the rationale of

building the Woodlands extension when the north was relatively undeveloped.

Woodlands New Town was only half completed, and Sembawang New Town was still

in the planning stage at that time.

More than a decade later, however, when the disputes with Malaysia over the railwayland used by KTM escalated, it came to the fore that one of the criteria the Malaysian
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authorities had listed before they would consider shifting the existing railway station

away from Tanjong Pagar was for the MRT system to be introduced to Woodlands.

On 16 October 2003, in response to a question fielded in parliament, ProfessorS.

Jayakumar, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, mentioned, that the Points of

Agreement concluded between the two sides on 27 November 1990 included a

clause stating that KTM will shift the station to a site adjacent or close to

the Woodlands MRT Station within five years from the day the MRT

to Woodlandsis opened, something the KTM has not yet done.

Considering that the Points of Agreement was made in the year 1990, and followed

quickly by an announcement to build the MRT line a year later in 1991, there is a

possibility that the line was given priority over theNorth East Linedue more to

international and local political concerns than economic considerations alone.

Expo Station

The Expo Stationopened on 10 January 2001, sporting a "space age"

architecture designed by world renowned architect Sir Norman Foster. The roof is

clad in titanium and its design enabled the platform to be free of any columns, freeing

up space in a station which will be used by thousands of visitors to the massive

100,000 square metreSingapore Expo next door.

Dover Station

The Dover Station, built on theEast West Line between the Clementiand

the Buona Vista, was opened on October 18, 2001. The first station to be built over

an operating rail line with no disruptions to train services (although trains drove by the

site at a reduced speed during the construction phase), it was also the first elevated

station with two side platforms on either side of the tracks, as opposed to having an

island platform as in all other elevated stations.

Adjacent to theSingapore Polytechnic on one side, and undeveloped land on the

other, the building of the station was met with reservations by some members of the

public over its low catchment area (human geography). There were criticisms over

the spending of "taxpayers' money" chiefly for use only by students of one

educational institution. The government proceeded with the construction anyway,

citing the catchment area extends to public housing flats on either end of the

polytechnic, and that the undeveloped land opposite is slated for extensive

development, largely residential in nature. This station has indeed brought much

convenience to the students at the polytechnic.

Changi Airport Station
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For a long time following its opening in 1981, Singapore Changi Airportrelied on

taxis and buses as the primary means of public transportation to the rest of the

country. They served the airport well, but concerns over competition from other

regional airports, some of which feature quick rail-based services to their city centres,

such as the one from Kuala Lumpur International Airport, accelerated the

government's plan to build a rail link to the airport.

Provision had long been made for a new line branching off from the existing East

West Lineat the Tanah Merah MRT Station, with some conceptual plans

showing a tentative route alignment to the airport along Airport Boulevard, continuing

beyond the airport to Changi point, before turning southwest back toward the city

along the east coast of the island. When the extension to the airport was finally

announced, however, the route alignment showed a deviation from previous plans.

The final plan involved building only the first two stations, namelyExpo, an elevated

station directly adjacent to the Singapore Expo, andChangi Airport, an

underground station built between Terminal Two and the since constructed Terminal

Three. The alignment of the station at the airport was switched perpendicularly to an

East-west direction, such that stairs and escalators lead to two of the terminals

directly from either end of the station.

Changi Airport Station was opened on 8 February 2002, giving the airport its

first rail link after less than 21 years of operations. Initially through services wereoperated from the airport to Boon Lay at the other end of the East West line, however

due to ridership falling below expectations the service was reverted to shuttle mode in

2003.

North East Line

The North East Line, the first line operated by SBS Transit and among the first

fully-automated heavy rail lines in the world, opened on June 20, 2003. System

problems delayed the line six months from the scheduled opening date of December

2002. The construction period of the North East line was fraught with many delays

and some budget problems. It marked the pinnacle of a long and chequered history of

over two decades since the conception of the line had taken place along with that of

the original system which was eventually completed in 1990. As of May 2005, the line

was still running at a deficit, and the line operator, SBS Transit, turns an overall profit

because the profits from its public bus service exceed the losses from operation of

the North East line. Running fromHarbourFront where Singapore's former World

Trade Centre building lies to Punggol to the northeast of the island, this line allowed

for previously isolated or distanced areas to be linked up with the rest of Singapore by

rail. The trains on the North East line are driverless and fully automated.
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East West Line Boon Lay Extension

On 28 February 2009, the 3.8 kilometre Boon Lay Extension to the East West Line

comprising 2 stations PioneerandJoo Koon commenced passenger service.

Circle Line

On 28 May 2009, the 5.6 km of the Circle Linehas been opened from Bartley

MRT Station to Marymount MRT Station. On 17 April 2010, The city leg will

commence operation.

History of the system map

1987 to 1996

The MRT was a very recent addition for Singapore and as such, the authorities

wanted to keep the MRT map as easy to use for Singaporeans as possible. Hence,

each direction of travel was colour coded in a different colour as though it were a line

on its own. In that way, confusion in decision-making when taking a certain line in a

certain direction would be reduced for passengers. However, this reduced the amount

of colours available for new lines and was not in line with international practice.

Previously, each direction of travel on the MRT was denoted on system maps as a

different colour.

Northbound services were denoted in yellow

Southbound services in red

Eastbound services in green

Westbound services in blue

Northbound Choa Chu Kang Branch Line services in khaki

Southbound Choa Chu Kang Branch Line services in brown

Each station was also assigned a unique alphanumeric code, with the alphabet

indicating which part of the island the station lies at (North, East, West, Central,

Marina Bay region or Choa Chu Kang Branch Line) & the numbers (in ascending

order from the centre of the island) indicating which part of that region the station is

located at.

Stations from Bugis to Pasir Ris denoted by codes E1 to E12

Stations from Tanjong Pagar to Boon Lay denoted by codes W1 to W12

City Hall Station, Raffles Place Station & Marina Bay Station denoted as C2, C1

& M1 respectively

Stations from Dhoby Ghaut to Yishun denoted by codes N1 to N12
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Stations from Bukit Batok to Choa Chu Kang denoted by codes B1 to B3

1996 to 30 July 2001

The colour and alphanumeric codes for each direction of travel remained unchanged,

except that with the opening of the Woodlands Extension (connecting Yishun stationto Choa Chu Kang station), the Jurong East - Choa Chu Kang Branch Line ceased to

exist. As such, the formerly Northbound Choa Chu Kang Branch Line services in

orange travelled southbound to Marina Bay & as such were denoted as red while the

formerly Southbound Choa Chu Kang Branch Line services in brown originated from

Marina Bay, hence having travelled northbound it was denoted as yellow. The

alphanumeric codes for these stations were also replaced. Expo station which

opened in 2001, was denoted by the code E13 for a short while.

The Bukit Panjang LRT opened in 1999 and was given the colours purple and orangeto represent its direction of travel. Due to the alignment of the route, which was a loop

track around Bukit Panjang New Town, the map was different. The stations were

given the alphanumeric code A1 to A14, with numbering starting from Choa Chu

Kang interchange and going anti-clockwise direction on the loop. The directional

arrow on the shared service track (between stations A1 to A6) was split, half purple

coloured and half orange coloured. From Bukit Panjang station, the orange arrows

travelled in an anti-clockwise direction [(service B) viaPetir] while the purple arrows

travelled in a clockwise direction [(service A) viaSenja]

31 July 2001 to date

Because of an expanding rail network, the MRT System Map could no longer afford

to have each direction of travel represented by a different colour. Eventually, the map

would run out of colours to use to represent each direction of travel. This was the

main reason behind the revamp. Using the acclaimed London Underground Map as a

reference, the MRT System Map was revamped.

Colours were used to represent each line rather than each direction of travel, cutting

the usage of colours by half and preserving other colours for future lines.

Red forNorth South Line

Green forEast West Line

Purple forNorth East Line

Orange forCircle Line

Brown for the futureDowntown Line

Grey for all LRT lines
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The direction of travel was instead represented by numbers contained within a

coloured circle located at the ends of each line, known as the destination number.

The number 1 contained within a green circle represent East West

Line services travelling towards Pasir Ris Station. 2 on green forEast West Line services towards Joo Koon

3 on green forEast West Line Shuttle services towards Changi Airport

4 on red forNorth South Line services towards Jurong East

5 on red forNorth South Line services towards Marina Bay

6 on purple forNorth East Line services towards HarbourFront

7 on purple forNorth East Line services towards Punggol

8 on orange forCircle Lineservices towards Bartley/Dhoby Ghaut

9 on orange forCircle Lineservices towards Marymount/HarbourFront

10 on orange forCircle Line services towards Marina Bay

11 on brown forDowntown Lineservices towards Bugis/Bukit Panjang

12 on brown forDowntown Lineservices towards Chinatown/Expo

Services towards Tanah Merah are not given a number. This is because when this

system map was implemented, it was planned for through services to Changi Airport

from Boon Lay and vice versa. Though shuttle services replaced it in 2003 due to low

ridership of this service, it was decided that this system was preserved.

Like before, each station was assigned a unique alphanumeric symbol. However

under this revamped system map, the letter in each symbol denotes the line (rather

than the region of Singapore the station was in) and the number increases in

ascending order from East to West (East West Line), North to South (North South

Line), towards the North East (North East Line), in an anti clockwise direction (Circle

Line) & in an clockwise direction (Downtown Line). Interchange stations will then have

at least two codes. For example, City Hallwill have two codes, EW13 for the East

West Line section and NS25 for the North South Line section.

History of station and train announcements

Main articles:Annoucement

Please refer to Announcement for the annoucement made

The on-board announcement system in every single SMRT train was introduced

in 1994. Over time, however, sections of announcements were modified, andfinally, the entire announcement system was changed in January 2008. The
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11/17

new announcement system features a new voice, and a new chime before each

announcement.

1987 to 2008

From 1987 to 1994, there were no on-board announcements. Drivers had to

make announcements themselves, especially when approaching stations.

However, the buzzer played before train doors close was already in existence

around that time.

From 1994 to 2008, the announcement system was very simple and featured to-

the-point announcements. This is an example of a train's announcements

between two stations.

ConditionsBefore

Announcement Annoucement

After

Annoucement(Actions)

Doors opened Chime Plays Doors closing.Buzzer sounds,doors close, andtrain departs

Trains leavingthe station

Chime Plays Next Stop, Yio Chu Kang.As train headingto Yio Chu Kang

WhenApproachingStation

Chime PlaysYio Chu Kang. (Pause) YioChu Kang.

Train stop, doorsopen

At interchange stations, there would be a suffix "Interchange" after theannouncement of the station's name, and information on what trains to change to.


Chime Plays

City Hall Interchange.Passengers going towardsBugis, Tanah Merah, or PasirRis, please cross the platformand transfer to another train.City Hall Interchange.


At Jurong East station, because the North South Line ended in the middleplatform, the announcement would announce the destinations a passenger might go

to for either side the doors would open on, if on the North South Line.

In 2002, the two-tone chime on the older trains was changed to the one that was

used on the new C751B MRT trains.

In 2003, after the opening of the North East Line, Dhoby Ghaut and Outram Parkbecame interchanges, and the announcement was along the lines of:

Train leavingstation

Chime Plays

Next stop, Outram ParkInterchange. Passengers goingtowards Harbourfront orPunggol, please alight at thenext stop.

Train headingOutram Park


Chime Plays Outram Park Interchange.Passengers going towardsHarbourfront or Punggol,

please alight and transfer to theNorth East Line. Outram Park



12/17

Interchange.

In 2007, an additional "Please mind the platform gap" announcement was madeafter the station's name was announced for the second time, much similar to the

announcements made in SBS Transit's North East Line trains do.

2008 to dateIn March 2008, the announcement system was revamped, and the voice making

the announcement was also changed. The ding-dong two-tone chime was also

changed to a deeper, longer, lower-pitched two-tone chime. The

announcements were all changed, but somewhat followed the old system very

closely.

ConditionsBefore

AnnouncementAnnoucement

AfterAnnoucement

(Actions)

Train doorsopened

Chime Plays Doors are closing.Buzzer sounds,door closes andtrain departs

Train leavingstation

Chime Plays Next Station, Dover.

WhenApproachingStation(Elevatedstations only))

Chime Plays Dover. (Pause) Dover.Train stop,doors open

WhenApproachingStation(Undergroundstations only))

Chime PlaysLorong Chuan. (Pause) LorongChuan. (pause) Please mind the

platform gap.

Train stop,doors open

At interchange stations, however, the 'change to another train' announcement iscompletely different from the old announcement system.

When

ApproachingStation

Chime Plays

Jurong East Interchange. Thistrain service terminates at thisstation, Passengers who arecontinuing their journey towardsthe city, Pasir Ris or ChangiAirport. Please proceed toPlatform A on the left.Passengers who are continuingtheir journey towards Joo Koon,

please proceed to Platform B onthe right. Jurong EastInterchange.



Chime Plays

Jurong East Interchange.Passengers who are continuingtheir journey towardsWoodlands or Ang Mo Kio,

please proceed to the middleplatform. Jurong East

interchange.


When Chime Plays Raffles Place Interchange. Train stop,


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ApproachingStation

Passengers who are continuingtheir journey towards Orchard,Yishun or Woodlands, please

proceed to Platform B. RafflesPlace Interchange. Please mindthe platform gap.

doors open


Chime Plays

Dhoby Ghaut Interchange.Passengers who are continuingtheir journey on the North EastLine, please alight. DhobyGhaut Interchange. Please mindthe platform gap.

When arriving a terminus station

WhenApproachingStation(Elevated

stations only)

Chime Plays

Joo Koon. This train terminatesits service at this station. All

passengers please alight. Thankyou for travelling with SMRT.

Joo Koon.


WhenApproachingStation(Undergroundstations only)

Chime Plays

Marina Bay. This trainterminates its service at thisstation. All passengers pleasealight. Thank you for travellingwith SMRT. Marina Bay. Pleasemind the platform gap.


Sometimes after the "Next station" annoucement, the announcement will made as

shown below.

Sometimes Chime Plays

If you see any suspiciouslooking person, or article, please

inform our staffs, or press theemergency communicationbuttom, located at the side of thetrain doors.

Sometimes Chime Plays

No eating or drinking is allowedin station or on trains. No eatingor drinking is allowed in stationor on trains.

SMRT Lunchtime Xpress

(When Approaching Station, Chime Plays) Aljunied. (Pause) This train service

terminates at this station, All passengers please alight. Passengers who are

continuing their journey, Please board the next train to Pasir Ris. Aljunied. (For

EWX)

(When Approacing Station, Chime Plays) Ang Mo Kio. (Pause) This train service

terminates at this station, All passengers please alight. Passengers who are

continuing their journey towards Woodlands or Jurong East Interchange, Please

board the next train. Ang Mo Kio. (for NSX)

(When Departing Station, Chime Plays) Next Station, Bugis. This Train Service

Terminates At Outram Park Interchange.


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Normal Departure

(When Departing Station, Chime Plays) Next Station, Lavender.

20 June 2003 to date (for North East Line only)

Doors closing. (Buzzer sounds, door closes and train departs)

(Chime Plays) Next Station, HarbourFront. All passengers please alight.

(When Apporaching Station, Chime Plays) HarbourFront Station. (The

Chinese Version) Please mind the gap. (The Chinese Version)

Berhati-hati di ruang platform (The Malay Version) and (Tamil Version)

At interchange stations, the information only announces one time only and the

approaching station announcement is similliar to the one that is above.

(Chime Plays) Next Station, Dhoby Ghaut Interchange. Passengers may alight

and change to the North South Line or Circle Line.

(When Apporaching Station, Chime Plays) Dhoby Ghaut Station. (The

Chinese Version) Please mind the gap. (The Chinese Version)

Berhati-hati di ruang platform (The Malay Version) and (Tamil Version)

30 May 2009 to date (Circle Line passengers change to

Other Lines Only)

After the opening of Circle Line, Miss Chan made the similar announcements on

the irregular interchanges as the previous version:

(When approaching Station, Chime Plays) Dhoby Ghaut Interchange. This train

service terminates at this station. Passengers who are continuing their journey,

please proceed to the North South Line or North East Line. Thank you for

travelling with SMRT. Dhoby Ghaut Interchange. Please mind the platform gap.

History of the ticketing system

1987 to 2002

When the MRT opened in 1987, fares ranged from S$0.50 to S$1.10 in S$0.10

increments for all adult tickets, regardless of whether they were single-trip or

stored-value tickets. Several discounted fares were available: senior citizens

and permanent residents above the age of 60 could travel on a flat fare of

S$0.50 during off-peak hours; children below the height of 1.2 metres and full-

time students in primary, secondary, pre-university and vocational training

(VITB) institutions paid a flat fare of S$0.30 at all times.


15/17

Magnetic strip plastic tickets were used, in various forms. Stored-value tickets

were called farecards and came in three types: the blue farecard was issued to

adults, the magenta farecard to senior citizens, and the red farecard to children.

Single-trip forms of these tickets were retained at the faregates on exiting the

paid area of a destination station. Monthly discounted tickets were available in

four values: beige, pink, and purple tickets for primary and tertiary students, and

full-time national servicemen came with a value of S$13, S$30 and S$36,

respectively; the peach ticket was for secondary, pre-university and VITB

students, costing S$17 each. These discounted tickets were valid for a month

from the date of purchase, allowed up to four trips a day, and were non-

transferable.

2002 to 2009

Main articles: EZ-Link

The EZ-Link card is a contactless smartcard, initially based on Sony's

FeliCa smartcard technology. The cards are mainly used for the payment

of transportation fares, but may also be used for payment at selected retail

outlets. Established in 2002, the technology was promoted as the means

for speedier and more convenient transactions and as well as being an

efficient method of reducing fare evasion, although there have been some

cases of overcharging users. As a benchmark, fares range from S$0.70 toS$3.20 for adults, S$0.70 to S$1.35 for senior citizens, and S$0.40 to

S$0.50 for student EZ-Link cards. Patrons using an EZ-Link card receive a

discount for their journey, including a discount if they use a connecting bus

after their MRT ride.

The General Ticketing Machines (GTMs) at each station which replaced

the older ticketing machines, allow commuters to purchase additional

credit to add to their EZ-Link cards or to purchase tickets for single trips.

Fares for these single trip tickets are higher than those for EZ-Link cards.In addition, a S$1.00 refundable ticket deposit is charged for each

Standard Ticket. This refund can be collected from any General Ticketing

Machine so as long as the card is returned to the machine within 30 days

of purchase. The card can also be deposited into a charity collection box,

with the S$1 deposit going to charity. The rationale behind such a

refundable deposit feature was that the smartcard technology contained

within each Standard Ticket makes each one costly enough to necessitate

the recycling of Standard Tickets. Since November 2007, external readers

were installed on GTMs at stations operated by SMRT Corporation to
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16/17

address problems of card jamming in insert slots. The slots, however,

remain in use for the purpose of refunding Standard Ticket deposits.

Concession fares are available for children, students, senior citizens and

national servicemen. Students are given free personalised cards, completewith their photos, names and national identification numbers. Regardless

of its type, each card is assigned a unique card ID that can be used to

recover the card if lost. Transport operators have organised lotteries that

are based on these card IDs. TheSingapore Tourist Pass offers unlimited

travel for tourists on Singapore's public transport system. For S$8 a day,

tourists can take any number of rides on buses and trains operated by

SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and SMRT Trains. The old EZ-Link card can be

used up to September 2009 where the old EZ-Link card usage would be

discontinued.

2009 to date

Main articles: CEPAS

On 26 August 2008, Land Transport Authority announced a two

month trial of the new generation Contactless ePurse Application

(CEPAS) card that was developed in-house. It is intended to

standardize the technology of cashless payment, allowing for use on

public transport, Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), everydayshopping and meals. The card is expected to replace the current

generation of EZ-Link cards by 2009 and aims to encourage

competition by allowing up to four CEPAS card issuers. Mass

replacement of the old Sony FeliCa cards to the new CEPAS cards

went on at TransitLink Ticket offices and Singapore Post outlets till 7

October 2009.

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