History of the Internet & World Wide Web

8/6/2019 History of the Internet & World Wide Web

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A group of interconnected computers thatshare resources.


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Early communications between computers(1950-1960)

Closed networks

Limited Connectivity

Dependent upon themainframe model

No Communicationbetween separatecomputer networks.


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1961 1968 research conducted by severalgroups

Goal was to develop connectivity between different

networks Developed packet switching theory

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)sponsored a project for cooperative networking

UCLA and BBN awarded contract

Physical Network had 4 nodes

Used Packet-Switching Technology


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The inter- networked computer systemexpands (1970) government & educational facilities

First cross-country link - BBN and RAND Second line is added between MIT and Utah

By 1972 Network expanded to 15 nodes

UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ. of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND,SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU,CMU, NASA/Ames

First e-mail protocol written (utilizes @ symbol)


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By 1973

ARPA renamed the Defense Adv. Research ProjectsAgency (DARPA)

First International connection between computers inLondon and Norway

Development of the TCP/IP protocol began

Ethernet standards designed and developed

End of 1973 Over two dozen hosts

Over two thousand users

75% of all traffic was e-mail


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By 1989

Number of hosts in excess of 100,000

By 1990

The first commercial provider of Internet Dial-UpAccess (The World)

By 1992

CERN releases World Wide Web (www)

Number of hosts breaks 1,000,000

Internet Society is chartered in January

Surfing the Internet term is coined


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1945 Hyperlink term invented Idea by Vannevar Bush to make Microfiche easier to read

1960s Doug Engelbart creates a hypertext system and invents a

mouse Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext in published

paper

1980 While consulting at CERN Tim Berners-Lee writes a

program to allow links between arbitrary nodes Still several different types of systems trying to

communicate


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1989 Tim Berners-Lee writes paper HyperText and CERN

1990

Tim gets approval to purchase hardware and write a newprogramming system to allow hypertext communications

Tim begins work on a GUI browser+editor project

Tim coins the term world wide web to define theproject

Tim releases his invention for public use, therebyensuring it will be widespread

2004 Tim receives the Millennium technology prize.


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1993 Marc Andreessen and NCSA

develop a graphical user interfacecalled Mosaic for X.

1994 Marc left NCSA

Fellow students and staff left too

Formed the Mosaic Communications

Corporation. Copyright lawsuits filed by NCSA =

name change to Netscape communications and thecreation of Netscape Navigator


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In the October 1994 Issue of Wired, Gary Wolfe notes in the article, "The(Second Phase of the) Revolution Has Begun: Don't look now, butProdigy,AOL, and CompuServe are all suddenly obsolete - and Mosaic iswell on its way to becoming the world's standard interface":

When it comes to smashing a paradigm, pleasure is not the most importantthing. It is the only thing. If this sounds wrong, consider Mosaic. Mosaic is thecelebrated graphical "browser" that allows users to travel through the world ofelectronic information using a point-and-click interface. Mosaic's charmingappearance encourages users to load their own documents onto the Net,including color photos, sound bites, video clips, and hypertext "links" to other

documents. By following the links - click, and the linked document appears - youcan travel through the online world along paths of whim and intuition. Mosaic isnot the most direct way to find online information. Nor is it the most powerful. Itis merely the most pleasurable way, and in the 18 months since it was released,Mosaic has incited a rush of excitement and commercial energy unprecedented inthe history of the Net.


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Marc Andreessen's realization of Mosaic isbased on the work of Berners-Lee and thehypertext theorists before him and is generally

recognized as the beginning of the web as it isnow known.

Mosaic, the first web browser to win over theNet masses, was released in 1993 and madefreely accessible to the public.


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1993 Release of Mosaic

1994 Release of Netscape Navigator

1994 Spyglass gains development and marketing

rights to Mosaic from NCSA 1995 Microsoft purchases rights to include Spyglass

Mosaic in Windows

2002 Netscape releases open-source version called

Mozilla (original name for Netscape Navigator in 1994) 2003 present

Mozilla re-released as Firefox

Opera

Safari

Google Chrome


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The Internet

World Wide Web

Hyper Text

Browsers

Web Site

Home Page

Web Server

Internet Site

Intranet Site

Extranet Site

HTML

HTTP

URL

Hyperlinks (Links)


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What is HTML?

Elements and Tags

HTML versions and the W3C

HTML CSS Scripting DHTML XML XHTML

Different Flavors of XHTML

Strict Transitional

Frame Sets


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Notepad or Simple Text Editor (not WordProcessor)

Browser to View the Page

http://www.w3c.org

http://www.w3schools.com

Documents

History of the Internet & World Wide Web