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History of Russia
Look at the Map of Russia on page 362 and answer the two questions under Skill Builder
The last three eras of Russian History are…
1. 1613-1917:Czarist Russia
2. 1918-1991:Communist Russia (USSR)
3. 1991-Present: Transition to Democracy and Capitalism
1613-1917:Czarist Russia
• Romanov family dynasty rules Russia
• Romanovs are a family of Czars/Tsars
• Czar(Tsar): ruler or emperor
1613-1917:Czarist Russia– Famous Romanov Czars/Tsars
• Peter the Great (1689-1725)-modernized Russia with the rest of Europe
• Nicholas II (1894-1917)-killed by Bolsheviks when communists took over…last Czar/Tsar of Russia
• During this era it was called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)– Socialism and Communism are the same
thing– Communism/Socialism: The government
owns and operates all businesses. There is no private ownership, everything belongs to the community
• Also Called Command Economy
1918-1991:Communist Russia (USSR)
1918-1991:Communist Russia (USSR)
• This era started with the Russian Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution)– Bolsheviks (Communist/Marxist party), led
by Vladimir Lenin, overthrow the Czar of Russia and establish communist system of govt
– Russia had to drop out of WW I because of this internal revolution
1918-1991:Communist Russia (USSR)
• Famous Communist Rulers: – Lenin (1917-1924)-led Bolshevik/Russian
revolution – Stalin (1929-1953)-leader during WW II – Khrushchev (1958-1964)- Influential Cold
War leader (especially famous for the Cuban Missile Crisis with JFK)
1991-Present: Transition to Democracy and Capitalism
-SOVIET UNION FALLS in the 1990s
-In trying to make Russia Democratic and Capitalist, Russian industries are being privatized
-Privatization: Individuals are starting to buy businesses from the govt
1991-Present: Transition to Democracy and Capitalism
• Recent leaders in the transition: – Gorbachev (1985-1991): attempts to improve
Russias economy by “restructuring” (ending communism)…ended Cold War
– Boris Yeltsin: first president who leads privatization
– Vladamir Putin: current President of the Russian Federation