History of Media In

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History of Media in PakistanPrint is the oldest media of mass communication. Newspapers can reach greater masses

of public. They allow readers to control exposure. This not only gives us the facts about

anevent or issue but also explains and interprets them.In 1947, Pakistan inherited a weak press with very

little law for controlling and regulating the pres. Very few news [aprs were published in the newly born

Pakistan. In East Pakistan

andBaluchistan not a single newspaper was published. Th e NWFP had two dai ly papers. Newspapers owned by Muslims came to Pakistan. These include Daily Azad and

morningnews (shifted to Dhaka), Dawn, jang and anjam (set up in Karachi)After independence, a

number of newspapers were published but due to financial constraintand many other reasons,

their publication did not continue i.e. Roshni, inqallqb, musalman.Engl is h pr es s wa s not so

healthy at the time of independence due to educational under development. Not a single

daily newspaper could be published from the area of East Pakistanfrom 1947 till 1971.The first news

agency of Pakistan was associated press of Pakistan (APP). It was establishedin 1947by an Eastern

news trust. It was a private agency from 1947 to 1961. Governmenttook over its control on 5 thJune 1961 by an ordinance called Associated Press of Pakistantaking ordinance 1961Otherthan APP, there are six more news agencies: Pakistan Press International

(1968),Pakistan Agency (1992), News Network International (1992) and United NewsAgency(UNA).

Pakistan broadcasting corporationAt the time of independence, there were only three radio stations in Lahore, Peshawar

andDhaka in Pakistan. Radio Pakistan Lahore broadcasted the news of independence Pakistan on14th1947.Pakistan broad Casting Corporation was established in dec 1972. It has board of

directorsconsisting of a chairman, a director general and six directors.International Islamic University, Islamabad |Radio PakistanRadio is very effective and strong media of mass communication because of its quickness, east

access and infinite reach. As Pakistan is a developing country, many areas of our countryare withoutelectricity, and literacy rates very low and means of communication are adequate.Radio is not only

source of information in several are as, i t is a lso pla ying a vital rol e indisseminating

information about national policies of government, highlighting the IslamicIdeological basis

of our country, providing entertainment to the listeners of different age groups, inform the

listeners about the events taking place in the world and make them awareof the general information on

health, education and many other things.Pakistan broadcasting corporation has 24 radio stations

which daily broadcasts programs of general

entertainment.Ove ra l l , Is la ma ba d em er ge d as th e m e d i a t h r e a t c a p i t a l o f P a k i s t an , t h e p l a c e mo s t dangerous in the country to practice journalism with no less than 143 of

the 368 cases of various categories of intimidation of the media recorded here. In the city,

during the periodunder review, three journalists were murdered, seven were arrested, 58 were

injured and 66were harassed or explicit ly threatened while there were three cases ofattacks on me dia properties and 47 instances of gag orders on media organizations. Sindh remained

the

s econdm os t dange rous p l ace t o p rac t i ce j ou rna l i s m i n Pak i s t an w i t h a t o t a l o f 9

3 c a s e s o f intimidation and Punjab third with 48 cases while 30 cases were recorded in

NWFP, 23 inBaluchistan, 16 in FATA, a dozen in AJK and three in Northern Areas.How media suffered

in Pakistan history??What was shocking about the coup was that it was not ostensibly against the

government of the day (Musharraf's own) but against the judiciary and the media. Both were blamed for

thedeterioration of law and order and proliferation of terrorism. Glorification of violence by themedia,


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explained Musharraf, was a major factor in his decision to impose the emergency.Even before

the emergency was officially announced, draconian curbs were imposed on themedia. The measures to

control and restrain the media included suspension of broadcasts of all national and international news

channels, except the dour

PTV

, until further notice. Non-government satellite TV channels were prevented from up linking to

satellites and bannedfrom carriage on domestic cable networks - the source through whichmos t Pakis tan is haveaccess to independent TV news. At least 34 Pakistani channels were taken off air,

including adozen popular 24/7 current a ffairs channels such asGeo TV, ARY TV, Aaj TV, Dawn NewsTV, KTN TV

, andKhyber TV, as well as international news channels such asCNNand BBCRole of media in PakistanApril 29, 2010Media Power: Promises and PitfallsStrengthsIncreased media space 40 pri vate Pakistan -owned TV channels, 170 FMstations; Enhancedcitizen interestviewership, listenership increasing as well asinteraction; Heightened political

engagementcitizens participating on issues(elections, judges, terrorism, economy, etc); Greater awareness of central issues (rol e of military, polit ics of coalitions, foreign & domestic policies); andVibrant development sector and higher public profile for civil society sector

WeaknessesMedia expansion is too rapid professionalism, standardi zation, audience profiling is lacking;Media contentthere are problems of relevance, quantity and quality;Over-focus on electoral politics and political wheeling dealing might lead to politics fatigue;Fiercer intra-media competit ion may lead to sensationalism as a ratings solution (e.g.,the footage of a police guard being run over by a suicide vehicle inLahore caught on tape and played

repeatedly on several TV channels)OpportunitiesMedia pluralismTV (national, regional and foreign), radio (potential of 650FM stations, according toPEMRA), print (3 million newspaper circulationonly15 million readers in a country of 165 million);Internet (20 million users and growing, falling prices, faster speeds);Mobiles phones (80 million users at start of 2008 and growing)Media going local TV, radio in local languages and therefore focusing on local issues: this canhelp evolve local consensus and local solutionsThreatsNon-institutionalizat ion of public-i nterest information (as cu lture of secrecywithin government

offices continues);


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No institutionalization (so people end up with talk shows as a substitute for information-

based programming, case studies and human interest s tories thathumanize issues;I s s ue s m a y r em a i n a bs t r a c t / ph i l o s oph i ca l and n o t c i t i ze n -c en t r i c a ndaccessible

in a country with barely 50% literacy;Non-citizen stakeholders, not cit ize n groups keep lar gely dictati ng newsagenda.

Importance of Media In PakistanMedia and Judiciary are two independent pillars to save the country from

suddens l i p p a g e . J u d i c i a r y p u t d o w n n u m b e r o f g o o d d e c i s i o n s i n h e r l i t t l e a g e

o f independence which is only one year. Whereas media is older then judiciary and itshows no

positive alterations in people's attitude towards the ridiculous change.Hence we can say that in Pakistan the responsibility of media is much more then anymedia in the world,

because Pakistan needs a big change and only media is now, asmuch powerful. At present media is the

only source which is easily accessible byallwalks of people throu gh various electronic appliances i .e. TV , Radio, Internet, News

Papers and now mobile phones also used by people to aware of events everytime.Media affect s people's perceptions and priorities their thinking about the political contents.Media shapes the public's behavior about the issues and plays vital role inhighlighting certain attributes of

issues.Gatekeepers of the media i.e. (editors, news editors, and other journalists) they all play

central role in shaping the media agenda which becomes public agenda after sometime.Media of any country is reflection of that country. It shows that how person behave and live in

their country. The way of expressing news, way of talking of politiciansin pol iti cal debates anddiscussion programs shows the behavior of people of that country. Although media's responsibility

is to spread true stories but media should be careful in this regard. They have to adopt such a way in

which they could aware public without impacting negatively thei r mind set s and make them able

to protestin a true manner which could result oriented.

How did TV Channels Emerged in PakistanSurprisingly, the free electronic media in Pakistan was init iated by a dictator General

Musharraf, though he had his own interests to present himself as a democrat President beforethe West.

Growth of Satellite system facilitated it technical side. President Musharraf

to project Enlightened Moderation and democratic image. Multinationals advertisement s provided huge income to make the business viable. The peoples interest in watchingtheir issues instead of traditional dramas and movies. The world after 9/11 and talk shows got

theattention of the Pakistanis and the Muslim world. Talented anchor persons became the voiceof the

people. Fewer readerships and more viewer ship due to busy life spread the culture of watching.

Availability of TV sets due to China imports and cheap manufacturing in Pakistan. New local

government system in 2001 and 2002 the urgency to provide electronic media at t h e g r a s s -

r o o t s l e v e l . A l l o w i n g m e d i a f r e e d o m w a s n o t a c h o i c e f o r P a k i s t a n s e s ta b l i s h m e n t s . I t w a s t h e i r c o m p u l s i o n . D u r i n g t h e K a r g i l c o n f l i c t t h e P a


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k i s t a n i establishment had learnt the bitter lesson that PTV commanded only a limited

audience.People watched Zee News and other Indian channels to get the other side of the story. In

this backdrop it was decided the Pakistan needed its own independent electronic media channelsPositive & Negative effects of media in different aspects of lifePositive Effect

Political AnalysisThe skilled and bold personality of anchor person raises peoples voice and clearly asks the realpoint of the crisis.They analyze government actions, either in favor or against the masses and developthe opinions

of the experts.Media is serving as true democratic notion of peoples participation. The general peoples

criticism, analysis, and comments are added. which also act as a catharsis.The ruling feel shame while speaking bluff in live shows be fore the millions of thecitizens.Media successfully informs the whole world against any injustice and shows worldcriticismwhich compel the government to change its autocratic orders.Economic DebateShows governments projects internationally to get foreign investment by projectingthe benefits of theenterprise.Advertising to maintain competition among various compani es which facilitates the public.

Like mobile phones and their lowering prices.I t r e p r e s e n t s n e w b u s i n e s s t r e n d s g o i n g i n t h e w o r l d a n d o f f e r i n g t h e n

e w opportunities for the investors.Performance of stock exchange keeps update the investors.Spreads technical education to learn the working of the machinery.Social Awareness:Bring the world at doorstep with its various trends, colors and life styles.Changes moods and behavior of people from conservative to liberal.Bold topics through dramas and talk shows to purify the society from superstitions,evils and

fake storiesNew household styles to upgrade the living standards.

Guides the youth for new opportunities and to compete with the world in all fields of life.Creates civic sense.


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and what are implications of Islam in Pakistan. Most of hot channels of media are

highly politicized whereas they should cover cultural and religious norms and values of

Pakistan.Some of the media channels are totally Islamic whereas others are highly ultra mod.

Thisshows existence of two totally different cultures in Pakistan whereas Pakistan was achievedon the

name of Islam which has one Book, one Prophet (P.B.U.H), one Allah and one culture.This type of media

with totally two different sectors creating a cultural gap in Pakistan. Thiscultura l gap is increasing

hatred groups. Our media showing world e xistence of two totallyRole of media in PakistanApril 29, 2010and what are implications of Islam in Pakistan. Most of hot channels of media arehighly politicized whereas they should cover cultural and religious norms and values of

Pakistan.Some of the media channels are totally Islamic whereas others are highly ultra mod.

Thisshows existence of two totally different cultures in Pakistan whereas Pakistan was achievedon the

name of Islam which has one Book, one Prophet (P.B.U.H), one Allah and one culture.This type of media

with totally two different sectors creating a cultural gap in Pakistan. Thiscultural gap is increasi ng

hatred groups. Our media showing world existence of two totallydifferent cultures in Pakistan and

directs people to divide in two groups one with fundamentalthoughts and other with secular

thou ghts. For a pe acef ul e nviro nment and a de mocra tic culture, it is important for all

media channels to preserve real culture of Pakistan which isneither extremist and, nor ultra mod.

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History of Media In