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HISTORY OF HISTORY OF EVOLUTIONAREVOLUTIONARY THOUGHTY THOUGHT
From Paganism From Paganism to Darwin and to Darwin and
BeyondBeyond
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/lessons/lesson6/act1notes.html
WHAT IS EVOLUTION?WHAT IS EVOLUTION?
►The change of species over a period of The change of species over a period of timetime
WHAT IS YOUR OPINION?WHAT IS YOUR OPINION?
Please write down the answers to the Please write down the answers to the following questions in your notes.following questions in your notes.
► Cheetahs can run faster than 60 miles/hour Cheetahs can run faster than 60 miles/hour when chasing prey. How would a biologist when chasing prey. How would a biologist explain how this ability evolved in cheetahs explain how this ability evolved in cheetahs assuming their ancestors on average ran 20 assuming their ancestors on average ran 20 miles/hr?miles/hr?
► Cave salamanders are blind (their eyes are Cave salamanders are blind (their eyes are non-functional). How could a biologist explain non-functional). How could a biologist explain how this inability evolved from sighted how this inability evolved from sighted ancestors?ancestors?
PRE-DARWIN IDEASPRE-DARWIN IDEAS
►Earth is youngEarth is young
►Earth is not changingEarth is not changing
HISTORY: In the beginning…HISTORY: In the beginning…
Plato and AristotlePlato and Aristotle (mid 300 B.C.) (mid 300 B.C.)►Scale of NatureScale of Nature
EVIDENCE FROM EVIDENCE FROM GEOLOGYGEOLOGY
James HuttonJames Hutton► He proposed the theory of He proposed the theory of
uniformitarianismuniformitarianism► Earth was formed entirely by slow-moving Earth was formed entirely by slow-moving
processes, such as erosion and processes, such as erosion and sedimentation, and that these slow forces sedimentation, and that these slow forces continue to shape the landscape.continue to shape the landscape.
Charles LyellCharles Lyell► 1830 wrote Principles of Geology that 1830 wrote Principles of Geology that
Darwin read on his journey supporting Darwin read on his journey supporting Hutton’s workHutton’s work
JUDEO CHRISTIAN CULTUREJUDEO CHRISTIAN CULTURE
Exploring God’s workExploring God’s work► Carlos LinnaeusCarlos Linnaeus (1700s): (1700s):
TaxonomyTaxonomy
►George CuvierGeorge Cuvier (late 1700s): (late 1700s): - Paleontology: Found that fossils were - Paleontology: Found that fossils were
dissimilar to modern lifedissimilar to modern life - Species can become extinct- Species can become extinct - Species can change over time- Species can change over time
►Giant sloth did not Giant sloth did not resemble modern resemble modern day slothday sloth
Erasmus DarwinErasmus Darwin
►Grandpa!Grandpa!►Termed evolutionTermed evolution►Life developed from a Life developed from a
single sourcessingle sources►Humans close to Humans close to
primates (how dare he!)primates (how dare he!)
O.K. SPECIES EVOLVE BUT O.K. SPECIES EVOLVE BUT WHAT WHAT MAKESMAKES THEM EVOLVE? THEM EVOLVE?
MECHANISMS BEHIND EVOLUTIONMECHANISMS BEHIND EVOLUTION
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevealier de Lamarck…a.k.a. Chevealier de Lamarck…a.k.a. Lamarck!Lamarck!
► Published in 1809 when baby Darwin Published in 1809 when baby Darwin was born was born
► Looked at fossil record and role of Looked at fossil record and role of environmentenvironment
► Idea #1: use and disuseIdea #1: use and disuse► Idea #2: inheritance of acquired Idea #2: inheritance of acquired
characteristicscharacteristics
LAMARCK’S IDEALAMARCK’S IDEA
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
►Beagle voyage Beagle voyage around the around the worldworld
►Looked at living Looked at living organisms and organisms and fossil recordfossil record
VOYAGE ON THE BEAGLEVOYAGE ON THE BEAGLE
PATTERNS IN DIVERSITYPATTERNS IN DIVERSITY
1. Species vary Globally1. Species vary Globally
Rheas in South AmericaEmu in Australia Ostrich in Africa
Darwin questioned why are Darwin questioned why are marsupials only found in Australia marsupials only found in Australia even though Europe had a similar even though Europe had a similar
environment.environment.
Unique South American Unique South American CharacterCharacter
►A South American A South American tropical lizard tropical lizard more similar to a more similar to a S.A. desert lizard S.A. desert lizard than another than another lizard elsewherelizard elsewhere
2. Species Vary Locally2. Species Vary Locally
►What does What does the difference the difference in structure in structure between the between the two tortoises two tortoises tell you about tell you about the island the island they occupy?they occupy?
Galapagos Tortoises
3. Species vary over time3. Species vary over time
►Ancestor of Ancestor of armadillo armadillo was much was much biggerbigger
►Darwin also observed on his Darwin also observed on his journey the geological journey the geological process Hutton and Lyell also process Hutton and Lyell also observedobserved
►He witnessed earthquakes, He witnessed earthquakes, changing landscapeschanging landscapes
►He found marine fossils high He found marine fossils high up in the mountains of the up in the mountains of the Andes in ChileAndes in Chile
Working towards a theory of Working towards a theory of Natural SelectionNatural Selection
►Malthus’ work: Malthus’ work: population size population size can increases can increases exponentially but exponentially but it remains stable it remains stable over time…why?over time…why?
3 Points To Darwin’s Theory3 Points To Darwin’s Theory
► 1. There is a 1. There is a struggle for struggle for existenceexistence
2. Role of the Environment: 2. Role of the Environment: Natural SelectionNatural Selection
►There is variation in a populationThere is variation in a population
The environment plays a The environment plays a role in role in
► keeping populations keeping populations in checkin check
► Natural selection is Natural selection is the process of the process of selecting for a selecting for a variation that is variation that is best suited to its best suited to its environmentenvironment
► ““Survival of The Survival of The Fittest”: those that Fittest”: those that can survive and can survive and reproduce the most reproduce the most viable offspring are viable offspring are the most fitthe most fit
3. Descent with Modification3. Descent with Modification
Alfred Wallace (1823-1913)Alfred Wallace (1823-1913)
► I have this theory about natural selection I have this theory about natural selection charlsey boy, what do you think?charlsey boy, what do you think?
Darwin’s Origin of SpeciesDarwin’s Origin of Species►Decent with modification (evolution)Decent with modification (evolution)►Natural SelectionNatural Selection
►Decent of Man was also then publishedDecent of Man was also then published
Lamarck vs. DarwinLamarck vs. Darwin
►Did your ideas reflect Darwin or Lamarck’s Did your ideas reflect Darwin or Lamarck’s ►What does modern day genetics support?What does modern day genetics support?
Evolution of HummingbirdsEvolution of Hummingbirdshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHyjGQJCAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHyjGQJCAMUMU
► http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/1http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/e_s_4.html1/2/e_s_4.html