History of Electronics Electricity

7/23/2019 History of Electronics Electricity

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The History of Electronics

The men that came up with all thoseformulas, theories and laws we have to

know!


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History of Electronics

Ancient Rome had batteries (Did they knowwhat they were doing?)

Ancient Greece developed a knowledge ofSteam power (didnt want to get their

hands dirty!) Understanding started later

When should we start?


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Electricity

Dozens of people Responsible

Research took several hundred years

Most theories/information developed by1900


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Electronics

Many individuals contributed

Electrical experiments and information builtthe base for Electronics

Associated with Wireless developments

Generally regarded as starting about 1900


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William Gilbert

1544-1603

Wrote De magnete

Researched Magnetics

& Static Electricity

Distinguished betweenMagnetism and staticelectricity


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Leyden Jar

Was the first Capacitor

Developed by Pietervan Musscenbroech


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Benjamin Franklin

1706-1790

Writer and Scientist

Researched Electricity

Researched Weather &

Meteorology Defined Positive &

Negative Charges

Had many otherinventions!


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Charles Coulomb

1736-1806

Experimented inmechanical resistance

Developed Coulombs

Law for electrostaticcharges


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Luigi Galvani

1737-1798

Studied effects ofelectricity on Frogs!

Revealed animals had

and were effected byelectricity.


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Alessandro Volta

1745-1827

Very Interested inElectrical experimentsgoing on in late 1700s

Invented the battery


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Hans Christian Oersted

1777-1851

Demonstrated thatelectricity effectedmagnetism

Initiated the study ofElectromagnetism

Discovered Aluminum


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Andre Ampere

1775-1836

French Mathematician& physicist

Invented the Solenoid

Studied the effects ofelectrical currents


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Georg Simon Ohm

1789-1854

Experimented withElectrical circuits

Made his own parts -

including the wire! Discovered OHMS law

- a relationship betweencurrent, voltage &

resistance.


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Michael Faraday

1791-1867

Great pioneeringexperimenter inelectricity and

magnetism demonstratedelectromagneticinduction


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James Prescott Joule

1818-1889

Discovered the Law ofConservation of Energy

The unit of energy,

Joule, is named in hishonor


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Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

1824-1887

Known for his work onthe Spectroscope

Developed Kirchhoffs

Laws


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Sir Charles Wheatstone

1806-1876

Early work on thetelegraph, photography,& electricity

Developed theConcertina (accordian)

Found uses for theWheatstone Bridge


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Early Wheatstone MusicalInstruments


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Early Wheatstone Concertinas


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James Clerk Maxwell

1831-1879

Wrote Treatise onElectricity andMagnetism in 1873

The equations in itexplained FaradaysWork and predictedHertzs work


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Heinrich Rudolph Hertz

1857-1894

Demonstrated theelectromagneticradiation predicted byMaxwell

First to demonstrate thephotoelectric effect


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Wilhelm Rontgen

1845-1923

Discovered X-Rays in1895

X-rays were used by

doctors within monthsMax von Laue provedthey wereelectromagnetic in

nature later (1940s)


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Thomas Alva Edison

1847-1931

1093 patents includingphonograph,incandescent lamp,much more

Observed the Edisoneffect while inventingthe electric lamp


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Edison 1882 Patent Lamp(carbon filament)


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Edisons Kinetograph - the Motion

picture machine!

The Sneeze -an image from

the first film!


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The Phonograph


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Nikola Tesla

1856-1943

Serbian-American Inventor and Engineer

Invented: AC

generators, distributionsystem and ACinduction motors

Hated by Edison


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Guglielmo Marconi

1874-1937

Patented RadioTelegraphy in 1896

1901 transmitted

signals across theAtlantic Ocean

Nobel Prize in Physicsin 1909


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Marconi Receiving Station, Canada


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Marconi & an Early Radio Set


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Menlo Park Laboratory

Worlds First Industrial Lab!


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John Ambrose Fleming

1849-1945

Student of Maxwells Worked for Edison then

Marconi

Invented the FlemingValve - the firstelectronic rectifier ordiode (1904)


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The Fleming Valve

The valve used in a circuitEarly FlemingValves


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Lee De Forest

1873-1961

Held 300+ patents 1906 - invented the

Audion tube, the first

Triode vacuum tube 1912 cascade his tubesto increaseamplification


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Lee Dee Forests Triode Valve


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Walter Schottky

1886-1976

Had multipleDoctorates

Defined shot noise -random electron noisein thermionic tubes

1919 invented themultiple grid vacuum

tube


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Edwin Howard Armstrong

1890-1954

Invented regenerativefeedback and electronicoscillators

1917 invented thesuperheterodyne radio

1933 patented FM radio(wideband)


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Harold Stephen Black

1898-1983

1927 invented the ideaof negative feedback toimprove distortioncharacteristics inamplifiers

No pictureavailable (wasprobably feelingpretty negativeabout itanyway?!)


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Philo Taylor Farnsworth

1906-1971

1922 (age 14!) inventedan electronic TVsystem

1927 patented his TVsystem

Litigation with RCAended in 1939-RCA

agreed he won!


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William Bradford Shockley

1910-1989

Worked with Brattainand Bardeen on a teamthat invented thejunction transistor

Shared the 1956 Nobelprize with Brattain andBardeen


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Walter H. Brattain

1902-1987

Worked on Radarsilicon detectors

Worked on the teamthat invented thejunction transistor

Shared the 1956 NobelPrize with Bardeen and

Shockley


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John Bardeen

1908-1991

Developed a theory ofquantum surface statesof electrons which ledto the invention of the

junction transistor Shared in the 1956

Nobel Prize with

Shockley and Brattain


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Where do we end?

This is really only the beginning - changesin electronics seem to be happening almost

daily!

Documents

History of Electronics Electricity