History IV- Que and Ans

8/12/2019 History IV- Que and Ans

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AR1252-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE -IV

QUESTION BANK

Unit I

Part A

1.Tra ! t"! "i#t$ri a% $r&in an' !($%)ti$n $* t"! +inar!t in ,$r%' I#%a+i ar "it! t)r!.E& t In $#t-Fati+i' E& t +inar!t# i# $+ $#!' $* t"r!! 'i#tin t /$n!#0 a # )ar! #! ti$n at t"!

$tt$+3 an $ ta&$na% +i''%! #! ti$n an' a '$+! $n t"! t$ . T"! /$n! $* tran#iti$n !t,!!n !a "

#! ti$n i# $(!r!' ,it" a an' $* +) arna# '! $rati$n.

S ria T"! tra'iti$na% S rian +inar!t $n#i#t# $* a # )ar! %an t$,!r )i%t $* #t$n!. T"! *$r+ i#

t"$)&"t t$ '!ri(! *r$+ t"! tra'iti$na% S rian ")r " t$,!r $* t"! B /antin! !ri$'. It i# )i%t $* %ar&!

'r!##!' a#"%ar %$ 4# .

!n!ra%% ')rin& t"! Ott$+an !ri$' t"! # )ar! t$,!r ,a# a an'$n!' in *a($)r $* t"! $ ta&$na% $r

%in'ri a% +inar!t.

N$rt" A*ri a an' S ain #"ar! t"! # )ar! t$,!r *$r+ ,it" S ria an' ar! t"$)&"t t$ '!ri(! *r$+ t"!

#a+! #$)r ! - S rian ")r " t$,!r#. In ti+! t"i# '!#i&n ,a# a'a t!' C"ri#tian# in S ain *$r )#!

a# ")r " !%% t$,!r#.

T"! %in'ri a% +inar!t *$r+3 ,"i " ,a# '!(!%$ !' in Iran3 # r!a' $(!r a ")&! ar!a ,it" t"! S!%6)4

$n )!#t# $* S ria3 Anat$%ia3 Ira 3 A*&"ani#tan an' In'ia.

S$+! $* t"! #tr) t)r!# ,!r! #!(!r! %ain ri 4 #"a*t# ,"i%#t $t"!r# ,!r! "i&"% '! $rat!' ,it"

$+ %!7 ri 4 att!rn#. A (ariati$n $* t"! #tan'ar' *r$+ ,a# t"! intr$') ti$n $* (ari$)# *$r+# $*

%in'ri a% *%)tin&.

8inar!t# $* t"i# t ! +a ! int!r r!t!' a# (i t$r t$,!r# rat"!r t"an a# r!%i&i$)# t$,!r# in t"! #tri t

#!n#!.

T"! +$#t *a+$)# +inar!t# in Ira ar! t"! &iant # ira% +inar!t# $* Sa+arra $t" $* ,"i " ar! 'at!' t$

t"! nint" !nt)r . T"! # ira% +inar!t# $* Sa+arra ,!r! n!(!r $ i!'.

In'ia 8inar!t# ,!r! n!(!r )ni(!r#a%% a'$ t!' in In'ia an' ,"!r! t"! ,!r! )i%t t"! ,!r! n$t

n! !##ari% )#!' *$r t"! a%% t$ ra !r.

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T"! +$#t *a+$)# +inar!t in In'ia i# t"! Q)t 8inar atta "!' t$ t"! K),,at a%-%#%a+ 8$# )! in D!%"i

,"i " ,a# !&)n in 119:. T"i# t$,!r "a# *$)r #t$r! # +ar4!' a% $ni!# #) $rt!' $n an'# $*

+) arna# $r !%#.

In )6arat an' B)r"an )r +inar!t# ,!r! a%,a # )i%t in air# *%an4in& t"! !ntra% i,an a# in Iran.T"!#! +inar!t# ,!r! %in'ri a% $n#tr) ti$n# ,it" int!rna% #tair a#!# ,it" int!r+!'iat! a% $ni!#

%!a'in& t$ $ni a% r$$*#. E%#!,"!r! !*$r! t"! 8)&"a% !ri$' #$%i' t$,!r-%i4! )ttr!##!# ,!r!

atta "!' t$ t"! $rn!r# $* +$# )!#.

T"! *ir#t +inar!t# $* t"! 8)&"a% !ri$' ar! ta !rin& ,"it! +ar %! $n#tr) ti$n# ,it" t,$

int!r+!'iat! a% $ni!# an' an $ !n an$ $n t$ . T"! %$,!r #ta&!# $* t"!#! t$,!r# ar! *%)t!'.

Ott$+an 8inar!t# ar! t"! $+ inati$n $* ta%% $int!' +inar!t# an' %ar&! %!a' $(!r!' '$+!# &i(!#

Ott$+an ar "it! t)r! it# 'i#tin ti(! *$r+. In +$#t +$# )!# in t"! Ott$+an E+ ir! t"i# ,a# a "i!(!'

,it" a #in&%! +inar!t atta "!' t$ t"! $rn!r $* a +$# )!. H$,!(!r3 in t"! +a6$r iti!# $* t"! !+ ir!

+$# )!# ,!r! )i%t ,it" t,$3 *$)r $r !(!n #i7 +inar!t#.

2. Di**!r!ntiat! !t,!!n t"! P!n'!nti(! # #t!+ an' t"! S )in " # #t!+ $*

$n#tr) tin& a '$+! $(!r a # )ar! $+ art+!nt.

A squinch in ar "it! t)r! i# a i! ! $* $n#tr) ti$n )#!' *$r *i%%in& in t"! ) !r an&%!# $* a # )ar!

r$$+ #$ a# t$ *$r+ a r$ !r a#! t$ r! !i(! an $ ta&$na% $r # "!ri a% '$+!. It ,a# t"! ri+iti(!

#$%)ti$n $* t"i# r$ %!+3 t"! !r*! t!' $n! !in& !(!nt)a%% r$(i'!' t"! !n'!nti(!. S )in "!#

+a ! *$r+!' +a#$nr )i%t $)t *r$+ t"! an&%! in $r !%%!' $)r#!#3 *i%%in& t"! $rn!r ,it" a

(i#! %a !' 'ia&$na%% 3 $r )i%'in& an ar " $r a n)+ !r $* $r !%%!' ar "!# 'ia&$na%% a r$## t"!

$rn!r.

Pendentive

T"! t!r+ a %i!' t$ t"! trian&)%ar )r(!' $(!r"an&in& #)r*a ! +!an# $* ,"i " a ; ir )%ar< '$+!

i# #) $rt!' $n a # )ar! $r $% &$na% $+ art+!nt= in t"! $n#tr) ti$n $* a '$+! r!#tin& ) $n a

# )ar! a#!3 t"! # "!ri a% trian&%! *$r+!' !t,!!n !a " air $* #) $rtin& ar "!#= $n! $* t"!

trian&)%ar # "!ri a% #! ti$n# $* (a)%tin& t"! # rin& *r$+ t"! $rn!r# $* a r! tan&)%ar &r$)n' %an an'

#!r(! t$ a%%$, t"! r$$+ !n %$#in& it t$ ! $(!r!' a '$+! $r ) $%a= t"! art $* a &r$in!' (a)%t

t"at # rin *r$+ a #in&%! i!r $r $r !%

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>.?rit! a #"$rt n$t! $n t"! Cara(an#!rai.

A caravanserai 3 $r khan 3 a%#$ 4n$,n a# caravansary 3caravansera 3 $r caravansara in En&%i#" ,a# a

r$a'#i'! inn ,"!r! tra(!%!r# $)%' r!#t an' r! $(!r *r$+ t"! 'a @# 6$)rn! . Cara(an#!rai# #) $rt!'

t"! *%$, $* $++!r !3 in*$r+ati$n3 an' !$ %! a r$## t"! n!t,$r4 $* tra'! r$)t!# $(!rin& A#ia3

N$rt" A*ri a3 an' S$)t"-Ea#t!rn E)r$ !3 !# ! ia%% a%$n& t"! Si%4 R$a'.

8$#t t i a%% a ara(an#!rai ,a# a )i%'in& ,it" a # )ar! $r r! tan&)%ar ,a%%!' !7t!ri$r3 ,it" a

#in&%! $rta% ,i'! !n$)&" t$ !r+it %ar&! $r "!a(i% %a'!n !a#t# #) " a# a+!%# t$ !nt!r. T"!

$)rt ar' ,a# a%+$#t a%,a # $ !n t$ t"! #4 3 an' t"! in#i'! ,a%%# $* t"! !n %$#)r! ,!r! $)t*itt!'

,it" a n)+ !r $* i'!nti a% #ta%%#3 a #3 ni "!#3 $r "a+ !r# t$ a $++$'at! +!r "ant# an' t"!ir

#!r(ant#3 ani+a%#3 an' +!r "an'i#!.

Cara(an#!rai# r$(i'!' ,at!r *$r ")+an an' ani+a% $n#)+ ti$n3 ,a#"in&3 an' rit)a% a %)ti$n#.

S$+!ti+!# t"! "a' !%a $rat! at"#. T"! a%#$ 4! t *$''!r *$r ani+a%# an' "a' #"$ # *$r tra(!%!r# ,"!r! t"! $)%' a )ir! n!, #) %i!#. In a''iti$n3 #$+! #"$ # $)&"t &$$'# *r$+ t"! tra(!%in&

+!r "ant#

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A #a+ %! *%$$r %an $* a Sa*a(i' ara(an#!rai

. ?"at i# t"! #i&ni*i an ! $* !$+!tr in I#%a+i ar "it! t)r!

T"!#! att!rn# !7!+ %i* t"! I#%a+i int!r!#t in r! !titi$n3 # ++!tr an' $ntin)$)# &!n!rati$n $*

att!rn. It '!+$n#trat! int!&rati$n $* &!$+!tr ,it" #) " $ ti a% !**! t# a# t"! a%an in& $* $#iti(!

an' n!&ati(! ar!a#3 int!r%a in& ,it" *%)i' $(!r%a in& an' )n'!r a##in& #tra ,$r43 an' a #4i%%*)% )#!

$* $%$r an' t$n! (a%)!#.

8$r! t"an an $t"!r t ! $* '!#i&n ;&!$+!tri att!rn#< !r+itt!' an int!rr!%ati$n#"i !t,!!n t"!

art# an' t"! ,"$%! $* a )i%'in& $+ %!73 t"! !7t!ri$r an' t"! int!ri$r # a !# an' t"!ir *)rni#"in.

!$+!tr it#!%* ! a+! a +a6$r art *$r+3 )#in& r!*in!+!nt3 r! !titi$n an' # ++!tr t$

r!at! a ,i'! (ari!t $* !**! t# .

Star - +$#t $++$n I#%a+i '!#i&n ,"i " # + $%i/!# ! )a% ra'iati$n in a%% 'ir! ti$n#

*r$+ a !ntra% $int.

5. ?"at ar! t"! !%!+!nt# $* '! $rati$n )#!' in I#%a+i ar "it! t)r! in In'ia

Calligraphy

C$n#i'!r!' $n! $* t"! +$#t i+ $rtant $* t"! I#%a+i art# ;r$%! in r! $r'in& t"! ,$r' $*

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Light

S + $% $* 'i(in! )nit .

F)n ti$n# '! $rati(!% +$'i* in& $t"!r !%!+!nt# $r $ri&inatin& att!rn#.

C$+ inati$n $* %i&"t an' #"a'! r!at!# #tr$n& $ntra#t# $* %an!# an' &i(!# t!7t)r!

t$ # )% t!' #t$n!3 a# ,!%% a# #t$ 4!' $r ri 4 #)r*a !#

Water

In "$t I#%a+i %i+at!#3 ,at!r *r$+ $)rt ar' $$%# an' *$)ntain# $$%# a# it

'! $rat!#.

?at!r an n$t $n% r!*%! t ar "it! t)r! an' +)%ti % t"! '! $rati(! t"!+!#3 it an a%#$

#!r(! a# a +!an# $* !+ "a#i/in& t"! (i#)a% a7!#.

ARABESQUE

T"! ara !# )! i# an !%a $rat! a %i ati$n $* r! !atin& &!$+!tri *$r+# t"at $*t!n ! "$ t"! *$r+# $*

%ant#3 #"a !# an' #$+!ti+!# ani+a%# ;# ! i*i a%% ir'#


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+inar!t3 a t$,!r t"at #!r(!# a# a %an'+ar4 *$r t"! +$# )! a# ,!%% a# a %a ! *r$+ ,"i " 8)#%i+#

ar! a%%!' t$ ra !r. T"! *ina% !%!+!nt t$ $n#i'!r i# t"! !ntran ! $rta%3 a r$+in!nt ar "it! t)ra%

*!at)r! $* +$# )!# r! r!#!ntin& a &at!,a !t,!!n t"! %i*! # $++$n )# a**air# an' t"! a%+ $*

#a r!' # a !

T"! #tan'ar' $+ $n!nt# $* t"! +$# )!

.S4!t " t"! *$r+ $* a t i a% I#%a+i 8inar!t an' $)t%in! it# )r $#!.

A minaret i# a 'i#tin ti(! ar "it! t)ra% *!at)r! $* I#%a+i +$# )!#3 &!n!ra%% a ta%% # ir! ,it" an

$ni$n-#"a !' $r $ni a% r$,n3 )#)a%% !it"!r *r!! #tan'in& $r ta%%!r t"an an a##$ iat!' #) $rt

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#tr) t)r!. T"! a#i *$r+ $* a +inar!t in %)'!# a a#!3 #"a*t3 an' &a%%!r . 8inar!t#

r$(i'! a (i#)a% *$ a% $int an' ar! )#!' *$r t"! a%% t$ ra !r. It r$(i'!# a (i#)a% )! t$ a 8)#%i+

$++)nit 3 t"! +ain *)n ti$n $* t"! +inar!t i# t$ r$(i'! a (anta&! $int *r$+ ,"i " t"! a%% t$

ra !r i# +a'!. T"! a%% t$ ra !r i# i##)!' *i(! ti+!# !a " 'a . 8inar!t# a%#$ *)n ti$n a# air

$n'iti$nin& +! "ani#+#0 a# t"! #)n "!at# t"! '$+!3 air i# 'ra,n in t"r$)&" $ !n ,in'$,# t"!n )

an' $)t $* t"! +inar!t3 t"!r! r$(i'in& nat)ra% (!nti%ati$n.

9. S4!t " an' !7 %ain t"! t !# $* ar "!# )#!' in I#%a+i ar "it! t)r!.

O&!! ar " *$)r !nt!r!' ar "


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8)%ti !nt!r!' ar "

: . ?"at i# t"! #i&ni*i an ! $* ar'!n in I#%a+i ar "it! t)r!

T"! )n'!r% in& t"!+! $* t"! I#%a+i &ar'!n i# t"! $n ! t $* t"! "a"ar- a&" $r *$)r-*$%' &ar'!n.

C%a##i a%% 3 t"! "a"ar- a&" i# $n#tr) t!' ar$)n' a !ntra% $$% $r *$)ntain3 ,it" *$)r #tr!a+#

*%$,in& *r$+ it3 r! r!#!ntin& t"! *$)r +ain !%!+!nt# $* %i*!. T"! Pr$ "!t 8)"a++a' ; )"


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"ar a&" &ar'!n in *r$nt $* Ta6+a"a%

1J. D!*in! t"! t!r+ i#%a+

T"! Fi(! Pi%%ar# ar!0

Fait"-8)#%i+# +)#t t!#ti* t"at t"!r! i# $n% $n! $' ;A%%a"< an' t"at 8$"a++!' i#

t"! %a#t r$ "!t. Pra !r-8)#%i+# +)#t ra *i(! ti+!# !r 'a *a in& 8! a. A%+#-8)#%i+# +)#t #) $rt t"! $$r t"r$)&" a # ! ia% a%+# ta7. Fa#tin&-8)#%i+# +)#t *a#t ')rin& t"! "$% +$nt" $* Ra+a'an ;t"! $n% !at $n! +!a%

at #)n'$,n


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"r What are the elements comprising the mosque structure# $iscuss in detail !ith neat

sketches.

R!*!r art a- )!#ti$n n$ G

Tra'iti$na% T $%$&i!#

A t $%$& i# a # #t!+ati $r&ani/ati$n $* !%!+!nt# int$ t !# a#!' ) $n #"ar!' attri )t!#. T"!r!

ar! #i7 tra'iti$na% t $%$&i!# ,"i " '!# ri ! t"! *$r+ an' *)n ti$n $* +$# )!#. T"!#! t $%$&i!# ar!

4n$,n a# t"! Ara ian $r " $#t %!3 T)r4i#" $r !ntra%'$+!3 Iranian $r I,an3 In'ian3 C"in!#! an'

S$)t"!a#t A#ia t !#. T"! +$#t $ )%ar+$# )! t !# in t"! I#%a+i ?$r%' ar! t"! " $#t %!

+$# )!3 t"! !ntra%-'$+! +$# )!3 an' t"! I,an t ! +$# )!.

H $#t %! 8$# )!

T"! " $#t %! +$# )! i# $++$n% *$)n' in t"! Ara ian P!nin#)%a3 !7tr!+! #$)t",!#t!rn E)r$ !

an' N$rt" A*ri an r!&i$n#. T"! ,$r' " $#t %! +!an# )n'!r i%%ar# an' t"! '!#i&n a%%$,# *$r t"!

$n#tr) ti$n $* %ar&! # a !# .T"! " $#t %! +$# )! ,a# intr$') !' t"! U+a a'# in S rian an'

%at!r a'$ t!' t"!

A a#i' ' na#t t"at r)%!' P!r#ia an' +$'!rn 'a Ira . T"! " $#t %! +$# )! *!at)r!# a %ar&!

$)rt ar' an' a *%at-r$$*!' #an t)ar #) $rt!' r!&)%ar% # a !' $%)+n# $r ar a'!#. It

$n#tit)t!# a *%!7i %! ar "it! t)ra% )nit *$r $n#tant% &r$,in& $++)niti!#

%ypostyle prayer hall of Cordo&a 'osque( )pain

C!ntra%-D$+! 8$# )!

T"! !ntra%-'$+! t $%$& ,a# intr$') !' t"! Ott$+an# in t"! *i*t!!nt" !nt)r .It i# $n#tit)t!'

a "a%% '!'i at!' *$r ,$r#"i an' r$,n!' ,it" a !ntra% '$+! .T"! !ntra% '$+! i# $*t!n

#)rr$)n'!' #+a%%!r an' %$,!r #!+i-'$+!#. T"i# t $%$& $* +$# )! r$(i'!# an a+ )%at$r an'

+$r! i%%)+inat!' # a !. P!r"a # t"! !#t 4n$,n !7a+ %! $* t"i# t $%$& i# t"! D$+! $* t"! R$ 4 in

1J


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M!r)#a%!+3 I#ra!%. T"! S!%i+ ! 8$# )! in E'irn!3 T)r4! $n#tit)t!# an !7a+ %! $* t"! !ntra%-

'$+! +$# )! ,it" tran#*$r+ati$n an' !7 an#i$n $* t"! n)+ !r $* +inar!t#

%agia )ophia. stan&ul the imperial *y+antine church !hich !as converted to a mosque( stan&ul(

,urkey

I,an 8$# )!

T"! i,an t $%$& ,a# '!(!%$ !' ')rin& t"! +!'i!(a% !ri$'. It $n#i#t# $* a $)rt ar' #!r(in& a#

t"! ra !r "a%% an' #)rr$)n'!' *$)r i,an# ,"!r! $n! $* t"!+ $+ ri#!' t"! $rta% .T"! i,an

$ $#it! $* t"! $rta% $ntain# t"! i %a ,a%%. T"! t $%$& $* t"! i,an# ,a# $rr$,!' *r$+ a#iIranian ar "it! t)r! an' i# "ara t!ri/!' (a)%t!' !i%in ,it" $n! ,a%% $ !n

Plan of the *i&i -hanim 'osque( ran

In'ian 8$# )!

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T"! In'ian +$# )! t $%$& ,a# '!#i&n!' a*t!r t"at $* t"! i,an +$'!% ,it" i++!n#! &at!,a # .T"!

In'ian +$# )! t $%$& i# +$r! 'i#tin ti(! it# %ar&! $)rt ar' # a ! an' it# r!*!r!n ! t$

# "!ri a% '$+!# an' ar "!#.

Plan of the riday 'osque( atehpur )ikri( ndia

C"in!#! 8$# )!

T"! C"in!#! +$# )! t $%$& r!(!a%!' a &r!at in*%)!n ! $* t"! C"in!#! "$)#!3t!+ %!3 an' a%a !

ar "it! t)r!. T"! +$# )! $n#i#t# $* a #!ri!# $* $)rt ar'# #)rr$)n'!' ti+ !r #tr) t)r!' ,a%%#.

T"! '$+! $* t"i# +$# )! i# $(!r!' a "!7a&$na% C"in!#! t $%$& ti+ !r r$$*

,he Great 'osque( /ian( China

S$)t"!a#t A#ia 8$# )!

T"! S$)t"!a#t A#ian +$# )! t $%$& *!at)r!# a t$,!r ,it"in an !n %$#!' ar!a. T"! # atia%

"ara t!ri#ti # $* t"! +$# )! #)++ari/!' +a#t!r- $%)+n# $* *$)r $r #i7 $%)+n# in'i atin& a

(!rti a% a7ia%it ,it"$)t int!ri$r #) 'i(i#i$n# .S$)t"!a#t A#ian +$# )!# &!n!ra%% #tan' ,it"$)t ,a%%#

$r *!n !#3 n$r '$ t"! $##!## +inar!t#

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,he four master0columns supporting the upper roof

8$# )! F)n ti$n

T"! *)n ti$n $* t"! +$# )! &$!# ! $n' t"! $r&ani/ati$n an' t"! arti )%ati$n $* t"! int!ri$r # a !#.

It in'i at!# t"! r$%! $* t"! +$# )! ,it"in t"! $(!ra%% #$ i!ta% *a ri . A +$# )! i# a %a ! '!'i at!'

*$r 8)#%i+# t$ &at"!r an' ,$r#"i . T"! ra !r "a%% $r #an t)ar 3 a%#$ a%%!' t"! "ara+3 *$r+# t"!

# a ! ,"!r! $n&r!&ant# ra *i(! ti+!# a 'a in r$,# *a in& 8! a. A''iti$na%% 3 a +$# )! "$%'#

t"! +ain ra !r #!r(i ! *$r 8)#%i+# ,"i " i# t"! Fri'a ra !r3 #a%at )%-6)+)a"


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Star - +$#t $++$n I#%a+i '!#i&n ,"i " # + $%i/!# ! )a% ra'iati$n in a%% 'ir! ti$n#

*r$+ a !ntra% $int.

T!##!%%ati$n# - '!#i&n# r! !at!' an' *i%%!' in ;%i4! att!rn# $* ri 4# an' +an ti%!#+ "!i&"t . it $n#i#t $* *$)r $)rt ar'# # )ar! in #i/! $*

:.1 + !n ir %!' ar a'!#. T"! $ !n $)rt ar' i# t"! #$)r ! $* %i&"t an'

(!nti%ati$n *$r t"! !ntir! +$# )! #tr) t)r!. R$$* i# artiti$n!' int$ 25 # )ar!# $*

! )a% #i/! ,it" : #+a%% '$+!# in !a " # )ar! an' a%t!rnat!' 12 *%at r$$*# t$

$(!r t"! r$$*. F$)r $rn!r# $* t"! +$# )! ar! ,it" ir )%ar t$,!r# ,it" t"r!!&at!,a # in N3 S an' E #i'!#3 $n! in +i''%! $* !a " *a ! ,it" ta !rin& t)rr!t#

*%an4in& !a " &at!.

S$)t" &at! ,it" i+ $#in& #t! # i# )#!' a# +ain !ntran ! $n#tr) t!' ,it"

$+ inati$n $* ar " an' tr! !at!' $n#tr) ti$n. T"! t)rr!t# in n$rt" an' #$)t"

#i'! ar! ir )%ar in #"a ! an' arti )%ati$n &i(!# t"!+ > #t$ri!' a !aran !#.

9. Write short note on surface treatment of qut& minar.

T"! Q)t) 8inar $+ ri#!# #!(!ra% #) !r $#!' *%an&!' an' %in'ri a% #"a*t#3#! arat!' a% $ni!# arri!' $n 8) arna# $r !%#. T"! +inar!t i# +a'! $*

*%)t!' r!' #an'#t$n! $(!r!' ,it" intri at! ar(in an' (!r#!# *r$+ t"! Q)r@an.

.Ea " #t$r "a# a 'i**!r!nt '!#i&n t"!+!3 an' a% $ni!# r$6! t *r$+ !a " #t$r .

T"!#! a% $ni!# ar! #) $rt!' $n !%a $rat!% ar(!' an' in# ri !' #ta%a tit!-%i4!

ra 4!t# ; muqarnas


22/34

*ini#"!' *i%%in& ,it" %i+! $n r!t! an' t"i 4 %a#t!r a %i!' t$ &!t #+$$t" r$*i%!

$* #"a%%$, '$+!. 8a #)ra $r # r!!n $* ri 4# i.!. *i(! $int!' ar "!' $ !nin&-

1J9 %$n& an' 5J "!i&"t 9 t"i 4 i# $n#tr) t!' t$ "i&"%i&"t t"! i %a ,a%%.

T"! ar "!# ,!r! $n#tr) t!' ,it" r) %! +a#$nr an' *ini#"!' ,it" r!'

#an'#t$n!. T"! #)r*a !# $* #t$n! ,!r! !n&ra(!' ,it" (!r#!# *r$+ K$ran$r'!r!' ,it" # ira% *$r+.

PART -- B

1. *ring out architectural features of qut& minar

Q)t) 8inar in r!' an' )** #an'#t$n! i# t"! #! $n' "i&"!#t t$,!r in In'ia3 a*t!rt"! Fat!" B)r6 $r Vi t$r T$,!r in P)n6a . A r$6! t!' a% $n !n ir %in& t"!

8inar i# #) $rt!' #t$n! ra 4!t# ,"i " ar! '! $rat!' ,it" "$n! $+

'!#i&n#. T"! Q)t) 8inar $+ ri#!# #!(!ra% #) !r $#!' *%an&!' an' %in'ri a%

#"a*t#3 #! arat!' a% $ni!# arri!' $n 8) arna# $r !%#. T"! +inar!t i# +a'!

$* *%)t!' r!' #an'#t$n! $(!r!' ,it" intri at! ar(in an' (!r#!# *r$+ t"!

Q)r@an.

T"! Q)t 8inar i# a )ni )! )i%'in& ,"i " ann$)n !# t"! arri(a% $* I#%a+ in In'ia.

T"! Q)t 8inar ,a# )i%t $* &r! D!%"i )art/it! in a#"%ar +a#$nr = t"! *ir#t t"r!!

#t$ri!# ar! r!(!tt!' ,it" r!' #an'#t$n! *r$+ A&ra3 ,"i%! t"! ) !r t,$ ar! a%#$

%a' in ,"it! +ar %!. T"! +inar $+ ri#!# a ta%% ta !rin& %in'ri a% t$,!r

#tan'in& $n a ir )%ar a#! ,it" *i(! #t$r! # ,"i " t$&!t"!r r!a " a "!i&"t $* 2. 5

+. Ea " $* t"! #t$r! # i# r!a "!' an int!rna% # ira% #tair a#! $* >GJ #t! #

,"i " %!a'# t$ t"! a% $ni!# ,"i " ar! #) $rt!' $n +) arna# $r !%#. T"! +$#t

22


23/34

"ara t!ri#ti *!at)r! $* t"! )i%'in& i# t"! $rr)&at!' an&)%ar an' r$)n'!' *%)tin&

$n t"! #"a*t ,"i " *$r+# t"! a#i# *$r +an %at!r i+ita-ti$n#. T"! *ir#t art $* t"!

t$,!r ,a# )i%t Q)t a%-Din ,"$ 'i!' in 121J %!a(in& $n% $n! #t$r!

$+ %!t!'. T"i# i# t"! t"i 4!#t art $* t"! t$,!r ,it" a a#! 'ia+!t!r $* 1 +

ta !rin& t$ : + at t"! *ir#t a% $n . T"i# art $* t"! +inar!t i# )i%t ,it" a%t!rnatin"ar -an&%!' an' r$)n'!' *%)tin& ;t,!%(! $* !a " t !< ,"i " ar! '! $rat!' ,it"

an'# $* in# ri ti$n#. T"! #! $n' #t$r! a''!' I%t)+i#" "a# r$)n'!' *%)t!#3

t"! t"ir' #t$r! "a# an&)%ar *%)t!# an' t"! *$)rt" #t$r! ,a# %ain. D)rin& t"!

*$)rt!!nt" !nt)r t"! t$ $* t"! )i%'in& ,a# 'a+a&!' %i&"tnin& an' in 15G:

Fir)/ S"a" r! air!' t"! 'a+a&! t$ t"! t$ an' a''!' an !7tra #t$r! . T"!

'ia+!t!r at t"! *i*t" #t$r! i# $n% 2. + +a4in& a r!') ti$n *r$+ an ar!a $*

# )ar! +!tr!# at t"! a#! t$ 9.5 + at t"! t$ .

Ea " #t$r "a# a 'i**!r!nt '!#i&n t"!+!3 an' a% $ni!# r$6! t *r$+ !a " #t$r .

T"!#! a% $ni!# ar! #) $rt!' $n !%a $rat!% ar(!' an' in# ri !' #ta%a tit!-%i4!

ra 4!t# ; muqarnas +!t!r#3 ,"i%! t"! *i*t" an' %a#t #t$r i#

+!t!r# ta%%.

T"! Na4#"i in# ri ti$n# $n t"! Q)t 8inar in %)'! Q)rani (!r#!# an' an a $)nt

$* t"! $n#tr) ti$n $* t"! +inar!t3 in %)'in& it# r! air#. T"! in# ri ti$n# a%#$ #!r(!

$%iti a% int!nt#3 '! %arin& t"! &r!atn!## $* t"! r)%!r# in($%(!' in it# $n#tr) ti$n.

2>


24/34

2. )ketch and explain the &uildings of >3,* complex. )ho! ho!

they reflect the confluence of t!o cultural modes .T"! Q)t $+ %!7 ,a# )i%t Q)t a%-Din A a4 ;r!&. 12JG - 1211< ,"$

!#ta %i#"!' t"! *ir#t I#%a+i #)%tanat! in t"! In'ian #) $ntin!nt in D!%"i in 11:2. Iti# %$ at!' ,it"in t"! ita'!% $* Qa%@a-!-Rai Pit"$ra ;Qi%a Rai Pit"$ra< ,"!r! Q)t

a%-Din a%#$ #!t ) "i# a'+ini#trati(! )art!r# an' r!#i'!n !. A%#$ 4n$,n a#

Q),,at )% I#%a+3 +!anin& t"! @+i&"t $* I#%a+3@ t"! Q)t $+ %!7 ,a# r!at!' ,it"

t"! 'i#+ant%in& an' r!a##!+ %in& $* t"! 2 !7i#tin& Hin') an' Main t!+ %!# $n

t"! #it!. N!, a''iti$n# +a'! )#in& t"! %$ a% tra !at!' $n#tr) ti$n3 a# $ $#!'

t$ ar )at!' $r (a)%t!' $n#tr) ti$n.

T"! Q)t $+ %!7 $n#i#t# $* a +$# )! an' t,$ +inar!t# !n %$#!' ,it"in a

#!ri!# $* %$i#t!r!' r! in t#. T"i# r! tan&)%ar $+ %!7 +!a#)r!# a $)t 2>5 +

;n$rt"-#$)t"< 155 + ;!a#t-,!#t< a%$n& t"! !7t!ri$r. It ,a# !nt!r!' (ia *$)r

+$n)+!nta% &at!# a%$n& t"! n$rt"3 !a#t an' #$)t" ,a%%#3 $* ,"i " $n% t"!

#$)t"!rn &at! ;A%ai Dar,a/a< r!+ain#. T"! +$# )!3 4n$,n a# t"! Q)t $r

Q),,at )% I#%a+ 8$# )!3 $ ) i!# t"! #$)t",!#t $rn!r $* t"! $+ %!7. It

$n#i#t# $* r! tan&)%ar !n %$#)r!#3 a%% t"! %at!r ,$r4 $* A a4@# #) !##$r#. T"!

Q)t 8inar ;+inar!t< #tan'# in t"! #$)t"!a#t!rn art $* t"i# !n %$#)r!. T"!

)n*ini#"!' A%ai 8inar ;+inar!t< #tan'# in t"! n$rt"!a#t!rn art $* t"! $+ %!7. A

ta%% # r!!n ,a%% ,it" $int!' ar ",a # r)n# a%$n& t"! ,!#t!rn !'&! $* t"!

r! in t3 r!atin& a i %a ,a%% *$r t"! ra !r # a !#. In a''iti$n t$ t"!#! !%!+!nt#3

t"! $+ %!7 a%#$ $ntain# #!(!ra% #+a%%!r )i%'in t"! T$+ $* I%t)t+i#"3 A%a a%-

Din K"a%6i@# +a'ra#a3 an' t"! I+a+ a+in 8$# )!. A art *r$+ t"! Q)t 8inar3

t"! A%ai Dar,a/a3 an' t"! r)in# $* t"! Q)t 8$# )!3 %itt%! $* t"! Q)t $+ %!7

#tan'# t$'a .

T"! r! tan&)%ar !n %$#)r! ,it" t"! ir$n i%%ar in t"! t!+ %! # a !3 ,"i " ,a#

int!n'!' t$ #!r(! a# a rit)a% a+ )%at$r *$r t"! #an t)ar 3 ,a# %at!r )#!' a# ana##!+ % $)rt *$r t"! 8)#%i+#3 ,"$ *a !' ,!#t *$r $++)na% ra !r#. T"! #"a*t#

$* t"! t!+ %! $%)+n#3 '! $rat!' ,it" ar(!' ")+an *i&)r!# $(!r!' in ra !%!t#

an' a %! an' %in4 "ain# t!r+inatin& in !%%# $r ta##!% r$#!tt!#3 ,!r! +aintain!'.

On #$+! $* t"! $(!r"!a' #%a #3 r! r!#!ntati$n# $* Vi#"n) an' B)''"a a%$n& ,it"

%$t)# +$ti*# ar! #ti%% (i#i %!.

2


25/34

Q)t a%-Din A a4 %at!r $++i##i$n!' a +a #)ra3 $r # r!!n ,a%%3 !*$r! t"!

,!#t!rn i,an. 8a'! $* !%%$, an' r!' #an'#t$n!3 t"i# ,a%% i# 2. > +!t!r# t"i 43

5. 2 +!t!r# %$n& ;r)nnin& a%$n& t"! i %a ,a%%< an' 15.2 +!t!r# in "!i&"t. T"i#

*i(!-ar "!' # r!!n ,a%% $ntain# $n! &ran' !ntra% "i&" ar " ,it" t,$ #+a%%!r

$n!# $n !it"!r #i'!. A%% ar! $int!' ;$&!!< ar "!#3 r!at!' ,it" t"! )#! $* $r !%# t"! Hin') +a#$n#. T"!#! *a%#!3 $r $r !%%!'3 ar "!# %at!r !($%(!' int$ ra'ia%%

)t ar "!#= t"i# !($%)ti$n in $n#tr) ti$n an ! #!!n %!ar% in #) #! )!nt

a''iti$n# t$ t"! $+ %!7. T"i# +a #)ra ,a# %at!r a'$rn!' ,it" Q)rani (!r#!# in

Na4#"i %!tt!r# 8)#%i+ a%%i&ra "!r#.

I%t)t+i#" ;r!&. 1211 - 12>G2J - 1>::


26/34

T"! i+ $rtan ! $* t"! Q)t $+ %!7 '! %in!' t$,ar'# t"! !n' $* t"! t"irt!!nt"

!nt)r ')! t$ t,$ +a6$r *a t$r#0 $n!3 t"! in r!a#in& ,at!r # ar it $* t"! a ita%3

an' t,$3 t"! '! i#i$n $n t"! art $* !a " n!, r)%!r t$ $n#$%i'at! "i# $%iti a%

%!&iti+a )i%'in& a n!, it . T"! Q)t $+ %!7 r!+ain# a "i&"%i&"t a+$n&

#) $ntin!nta% r!-8)&"a% I#%a+i ar "it! t)r!. In $t" t"! $ri&ina% Hin') t!+ %!#an' t"! %at!r 8)#%i+ a''iti$n#3 t"! intri at! #t$n! ar(in& an' a%%i&ra "i ,$r4

#tan' $)t.

1< Ir$n Pi%%ar < Q)t 8inar. T"!

r! tan&)%ar %)! #tr) t)r! !n $+ a##in& t"! Ir$n i%%ar an' Q)t 8inar i# t"!

Q),,at-)%-I#%a+ +$# )!. 5< A%ai at! G< T$+ $* I+an/a+ < at!,a 9< A%ai

8inar :< at!,a

9. Explain the characteristics of Ghiya+0ud0din ,ughlag tom&(

!ith neat sketches."i at" a% Din T)&"%) ;r!&. 1>2J-1>25< ,a# t"! *ir#t T)&"%) r)%!r ,"$3 ) $n

#) !!'in& t"! K"a%6i#3 !#ta %i#"!' t"! T)&"%) a a' F$rt $n t"! #$)t"!a#t!rn

#i'! $* t"! Q)t $+ %!7 in $%' D!%"i. B)i%t ')rin& "i# %i*!ti+!3 "i# t$+ i# a

*$rtr!##-%i4! $+ %!73 $n#tr) t!' $n an ;n$,-'r < arti*i ia% %a4!3 ,"i " #! arat!#

t"! t$+ *r$+ t"! T)&"%) a a' F$rt. A 22:-+!t!r-%$n& a)#!,a 3 #) $rt!'

2G ar "!' i!r#3 r$##!# t"! %a4! t$ $nn! t t"! t$+ t$ t"! *$rt. ?at!r a%#$

2G


27/34

a''!' a 'i+!n#i$n t$ t"! ara'i#! i+a&!r in t$+ ar "it! t)r!3 a t"!+! t"at

,$)%' ! arri!' $n *r$+ t"! T)&"%) t$+ # t$ r!a " it# "!i&"t ,it" 8)&"a%

ar "it! t)r!.

T"! t$+ $+ %!7 "a# an $ %i )! !nta&$na% %an ,it" a att%!+!nt !ri+!t!r ,a%% #) $rtin& $ni a% a#ti$n# at !a " an&%!. 8!a#)rin& 11. 5 +!t!r# in "!i&"t3

t"! !ri+!t!r ,a%% in %in!# in,ar'# an' "a# a $ntin)$)# r!n!%%at!' ara !t. On!

!nt!r# t"! $)rt t"r$)&" a #trat!&i a%% #ta&&!r!'3 '! $rat!' !ntran ! &at!.

Ar "!' $rri'$r# an' (a)%t!' "a+ !r# r)n a%$n& t"! int!ri$r #i'! $* t"! $)rt

!ri+!t!r ,a%%.

P%a !' 'ia&$na%% ,it"in t"! $)rt3 t"! t$+ it#!%* i# $n#tr) t!' $* r) %!

+a#$nr 3 )na'$rn!' $n it# !7t!ri$r an' *a !' ,it" r!' #an'#t$n! an' a ,"it!

+ar %! '! $rati(! $)r#! $n t"! int!ri$r. S )ar! in %an3 it# att!r!' ,a%%# ar!

+a##i(!0 t"! int!ri$r t$+ ,a%%# +!a#)r! 11. +!t!r# in %!n&t" ;19. +!t!r# $n

t"! !7t!ri$r


28/34

?. $escri&e in detail the architectural characteristics of 6lai

$ar!a+aT"! A%ai Dar,a/a i# %$ at!' in t"! Q)t) C$+ %!7 $* D!%"i. It i# $n t"! #$)t"!rn

art $* t"! $+ %!7 n!ar it# !ntran !. It ,a# $n#tr) t!' in 1>11. A%%a-U'-Din

K"i%6i +a'! t"i# %ar&! &at! a# t"! *ir#t $* *$)r &at!# t"at "! ,ant!' t$ )i%'.

F$r t"! 1 #t ti+! t"! $n#tr) ti$n ,a# arri!' $)t ,it" +a#$nar t"at ,a# *$)n' $*

a%t!rnat! $)r#!# $* #tr!t "!r# an' "!a'!r# ,it" "!a'!r !+ !''!' '!! int$

t"i 4n!## $* ,a%% *$r #ta i%it .

T"! '$+! $* > *!!t 'ia $(!r a 5 *!!t # a#! ar! a%% $n#tr) t!' ,it" tr)!

ar "!#. It i# $n#tr) t!' )#in& r!' #an'#t$n! an' ,"it! +ar %! a# t"! *a in&

+at!ria%. T"! *%at )arani in# ri ti$na% an' #)rr$)n'# an' '!*in!# t"!

29


29/34

$ !nin& ."$r#! #"$! #"a !' ar " i# '!*in!' an' $* in# ri ti$n# in +ar %!= t"!

6a+ # ar! a'$rn!' ,it" air# $* #%!n'!r i%a#t!r#.

T"! intra'$# $* ar " it#!%* i# $rna+!nt!' ,it" #$ a%%!' # !ar "!a' *rin&! $r

&ar%an' $* )'# . O)t!r *a a'! i# tr!at!' %i4! t,$ #t$r! !' )i%'in& ,it" %in'

,in'$,# in n$n !7i#tin& ) !r #t$r! .Int!ri$r i# '! $rat!' ,it" intri at! ara !# )!# '! $rati$n. Li&"t &!t *i%t!r!'

t"r$)&" t"! #tara an' "!7a&$n 6aa%i# t"at *i%% t"! ar "!' ,in'$,# in t"! %$,!r

#t$r! an' r!at! a intri at! an' $+ %!7 att!rn#. T"! 6aa%i# ,a# )#!' t$ r$(i'!

$ntr$%%!' i%%)+inati$n an' (!nti%ati$n *$r %ar&! ($%)+in$)# # a !. T"! &at!"$)#!

#tr) t)r! "a# $n% a +ain !ntra% "a%%3 a ) i a% #tr) t)r! $* 55 *!!t in %an ,it" a

t$ta% "!i&"t t$ t"! t$ $* '$+i a% *inia% i# GJ *!!t. In t"! +i''%! $* !a " #i'! i# a

'$$r,a *%an4!' !r*$rat!' #t$n! ,in'$,#.

Ea " '$$r,a $ !n# int$ #in&%! inn!r r$$+ ,it" "a%% $* >G *!!t #i'! an' '$+!'!i%in&. In t"! '!#i&n t"! t"r!! $)t!r *a !# ar! +) " a%i4!3 !a " $ntainin& a ta%%

ar ",a $(!r a *%i&"t $* #t! # %!a'in& t$ "i&"!r *%$$r $* int!ri$r. B!%$, i# a %int"

,it" it# (!rti a% #i'!# !%!&ant% ar(!' in (ari!' an'# #)r*a ! $* t"! ,a%% 'i(i'!'

int$ t,$ #t$ri!# t"!n a&ain int$ ) ri&"t r! tan&)%ar an!%#3 t"! t,$ %$,!r !in&

ar "!' r! !##!# ,it" #t$n! &ri%%!#. T"! # #t!+ $* $n#tr) ti$n $* t"i# $int!'

"$r#! #"$! ar " i# t"at $* ra'iatin& ($)##$ir# *$r+!' $* 'r!##!' #t$n!.#) $rtin&

t"! ar " ar! t"! #%!n'!r. N$$4-#"a*t#3 ar(!' an' +$)%'!'3 t"! ,"$%! $ntain!'

,it"in a r! tan&)%ar *ra+!,$r4 $r'!r!' ,it" r! !atin& att!rn an' in# ri ti$n in ,"it! +ar %!. T"i# '$+! i# #) $rt!' an $ ta&$na% a#! an' a #!ri!# $*

# )in "!# t$ "!% &!t t"! '$+! t$ %!n' in ,it" t"! r!#t $* t"! )i%' ar$)n' t"!

&at!. A %a#t!r +at!ria% i# a%#$ )#!' $n t"! $)t#i'! art $* t"! '$+! t$ 4!! it

r$t! t!' an' t$ &i(! it a )ni*$r+ a !aran !.

Inn!r $r *$)rt" #i'! ,it" #!+i- ir )%ar ar "- !%a $rat!% att!rn!' ,it" r! !titi$n

$* +$ti*#. Ar$)n' t"! #"a ! $* ar " i# a an' $* in# ri ti$n $* a%%i&ra " in ,"it!

+ar %!. T"!r! ar! #!(!ra% 'i**!r!nt (!r#!# *r$+ t"! Q)ran *!at)r!' ar$)n' t"!

in%a . T"!#! in %)'! a *!, )$t!# *r$+ t"! Ha'it" $$4#. T"!#! ar! riti a% $$4#t$ t"! I#%a+i *ait". T"! in# ri ti$n# ar$)n' t"! &at! ar! (!r !%a $rat! an'

a !a%in&.

2:


30/34

:. Write a description on the tom& structures erected in ndia during )ayyid

and Lodi $ynasty !ith a specific example.

)ayyid and Lodi ,om& Patterns

A%t"$)&" t"!r! ar! (ariati$n#3 t"! L$'i T$+ # &!n!ra%% *$%%$, $n! $* t"r!! att!rn#.

1. ,ype 1 i# a t$+ t"at $n#i#t# $* a '$+! rai#!' $n t,!%(! $%)+n# $(!r a # )ar! %at*$r+.

T"! t i a% $ ta&$na% 'r)+ $* t"! '$+! i# $* +$'!#t "!i&"t3 an' t"! '$+! i# )#)a%%

#)rr$)n'!' kangura ; r!n!%%ati$n#< an' a chhajja ; r$6! tin& !a(!


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')rin& t"i# !ri$' a+! a r!n!,!' int!r!#t in +!%'in& Hin') an' I#%a+i art tra'iti$n# an' +$ti*.

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#)r(i(in& *r$+ t"i# !ri$'. It i# %$ at!' ,it"in t"! L$'i ar'!n# t"at ,a# '!#i&n!' t"! Sa i'# an'L$'i# in t"! *i*t!!nt" an' #i7t!!nt" !nt)r . It i# a#!' $n a $n*i&)rati$n )#!' +$#t% *$r r$ a%

t$+ #-an $ ta&$na% "a+ !r rin&!' an $)t!r ar a'!3 ,"i%! # )ar! t$+ # ,!r! *$r "i&"-ran4in&

+!+ !r# $* #$ i!t . T"! ,i't" $* !a " $* t"! $ ta&$na% *a !# $* t"! ar a'! i# >2@-: ;1J+ ;9+< in 'ia+!t!r. T"! !i%in& i# '! $rat!' ,it"

ar(!' #t) $ )#in& ir )%ar '!#i&n# ,it" ara !# )!# an' a%%i&ra "i +$ti*#. T"! +ain !ntran ! i#

t"r$)&" t"! #$)t"3 t"$)&" !a " #i'! $* t"! "a+ !r "a# a !a+ an' %int!% '$$r,a . T"!r! ar! !i&"t

&ra(!# in#i'!3 t"! !ntra% $n! i# !%i!(!' t$ ! t"at $* 8)"a++a' S"a".

T"! t$+ i# $n#i'!r!' a r!*in!+!nt $* t"! t$+ )i%t *$r 8) ara4 S"a"3 *at"!r $* 8)"a++a' S"a".

8)"a++a' S"a"@# t$+ i# +$r! $+ a t in %an ,it" a "i&"!r '$+! t"at %!n'# it !tt!r

r$ $rti$na%it an' i# +$r! %!a#in& (i#)a%% .

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History IV- Que and Ans