Fine Arts Instructional Plan

History Integration in the High School Instrumental Classroom

DisciplineMusic: Instrumental

Grade and/or Course Level(s)High School Instrumental

OverviewThis plan provides teachers with the resources to guide students through the analysis of musical time periods which will provide insight into history with a lens through the fine arts. This analysis helps students make connections with contemporaries and world events, in turn, enabling students to perform music with greater depth and style.

Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes● Music Literacy● Tone Production● Articulation and musical styles● Rehearsal ● Performance● History, culture, and citizenship● Cultural and historical influences of fine arts● Critical thinking and communication

Outcomes● Students will demonstrate an understanding of music history. ● Students will relate to music as it applies to historical events and time periods. ● Students will identify and analyze specific elements in music.● Students will demonstrate a musical vocabulary. ● Students will relate to music as it applies to expression.

Primary SOLHIB.6, HII.6, HIAD.6, HIAR.6: The student will explore historical and cultural influences of music

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

Related/Reinforced SOL(s)HIB.3, HII.3, HIAD.3, HIAR.3: The student will analyze, interpret, and evaluate music.HIB.4, HII.4, HIAD.4, HIAR.4: The student will formulate and justify personal responses to music.HIB.5, HII.5, HIAD.5, HIAR.5: The student will demonstrate collaboration and communication skills for music.HIB.7: The student will identify ways to engage the school community in a music performance. HII.7: The student will describe how musicians, consumers of music, and music advocates impact the community. HIAD.7: The student will describe opportunities for music performance and advocacy within the community. HIAR.7: The student will analyze and evaluate opportunities for music performance and advocacy within the community. HIB.12, HII.12, HIAD.12, HIAR.12: The student will demonstrate music literacy. HIB.16: The student will demonstrate musicianship and ensemble skills. HII.16: The student will demonstrate and describe musicianship and ensemble skills. HIAD.16: The student will demonstrate, describe, and analyze musicianship and ensemble skills. HIAR.16: The student will demonstrate, describe, and analyze musicianship and ensemble skills. WHII.1: The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by:

a) synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events in world history;c) interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in world history;f) explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impacted people, places, and events in world history;g) analyzing multiple connections across time and place;j) investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

WHII.3: The student will apply social science skills to understand the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

c) describing how the Reformation led to changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies, and assessing the role of the printing press.

WHII.4: The student will apply social science skills to understand the impact of the European Age of Exploration by:

a)explaining the political and economic goals of European exploration and colonization

WHII.8: The student will apply social science skills to understand the changes in European nations between 1800 and 1900 by:

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

e) explaining the events related to the unification of Italy and the role of Italian nationalism.

WHII.9: The student will apply social science skills to understand global interactions between 1800 to about 1900 by:

d) assessing the impact of European colonization and imperialism on Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Australia; and

e) analyzing the relationship between industrialization, imperialism, and nationalism.WHII.10: The student will apply social science skills to understand World War I and its worldwide impact by:

d) citing causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution.

Materials● Instrument● Music● Electronic Device (computer/phone) with speakers● Internet● Paper● Pencil● Provided resource: Examples for Integrating History in the High School Instrumental

Classroom

Student/Teacher Actions 1. Instrumental teachers choose a piece from a period of history to work on in class (Baroque,

Classical, Romantic, etc.). 2. Students will listen and respond to various styles of music of the same composer. 3. Students will listen and respond to music of contemporaries and discuss similarities and

differences. 4. Using the resource provided, Examples of Integrating History in the High School Instrumental

Classroom, students will learn about world events that coincided with the time period and the life of the composer.

5. Students will gain more in depth knowledge of world history through additional studies of music history and composers in their instrumental class. Students will cultivate unique and authentic connections between fine arts skills, content, and process with history.

Assessment Strategies● Class Discussion: Students will use critical thinking and communication skills in a discussion

with their peers.○ What do you notice about this music style/period?

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

○ Do you think events of the era influenced their composition? ○ How do you think their music would be different if the composer was alive today?

● Listening Response: Students are given a listening response assignment. ○ Pick a piece from the period studied and fill out a reflection sheet:

● Composer Response: Students respond creatively with short written assignments or oral reports on the composer from the selected time period.

● Performance: Students will collaborate with their peers to perform a piece by a composer of the time period studied.

○ Writing extension: Select a student to share what they learned through the course of the project, either through program notes or a speaking part at the concert.

● Visual Assessment: Students will respond creatively by making a poster that is visually engaging and have a gallery walk after the concert, or project images on the wall during the piece.

Extensions and Connections● Teachers foster authentic connections with the other disciplines, specifically history, and

students will gain a broader knowledge of the world around them. ● Culturally Responsive and Inclusive Education: Students study composers from all over the

world and people of multiple ethnicities to make personal connections. ● Students perform the work at a concert for their community. Select students to talk about the

time period and composers they have been studying.● As an extension of the project, bring in a professional dancer to talk about and demonstrate a

dance that would relate to the time period you are studying - minuet, waltz, Charleston, etc. ● Students will learn about the creative process by studying the lives of composers. They will

begin to understand what inspires and promotes works of art. This creative process is crucial to our students as they are preparing for the workplace, college, and career paths.

● Developing a project on a composer of their choice will create the spark of curiosity, foster inquiry, and refine questioning. Students will research, develop ideas, reflect, share with peers, refine their project, and repeat the process.

Differentiation Strategies For example: print and enlarge a music timeline and place it on the student music stand for

close proximity. Timelines could be enlarged for small fonts. If students are learning the music in class and are

struggling with small print, enlarge the music. Some students may need extra time before a playing test. Provide anchor charts, graphic organizers, diagrams such as a music history timeline, or

posters with composers.

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

Examples for Integrating History in the High School Instrumental Classroom

Plan Overview for each Time Period1. Listen and respond to works of a selected time period. 2. Discuss the composers and world events from that time period.3. Assign listening/written/oral reports on a time period or a specific composer. 4. Integrate what students are learning in the class rehearsals and discussions. 5. Select a piece from that time period to be performed in a concert. 6. Ask a student to present their findings through program notes or speaking.

Baroque Time Period (1600-1750)Antonio Vivaldi (Italy, 1678-1741)

● Repertoire: Double Cello Concerto, Concerto Grosso in G minor, L’estro Harmonico.

● Contemporaries: Arcangelo Corelli, Francois Couperin, Johann Pachelbel, Henry Purcell, Domenico Scarlatti.

Johann Sebastian Bach (Germany, 1685-1750)● Repertoire: Toccata and Fugue in D minor, Goldberg Variations, Mass in B

Minor, Well-Tempered Clavier, Cello Suites, Chaconne. ● Contemporaries: George Frideric Handel, Joseph Haydn.

Notable World Events● Galileo Galilei uses the first telescope ● Dutch founded New Amsterdam (New York)● Manchus established the Qing Dynasty● Dutch found Cape Town, South Africa● Colonial Era● Shakespeare and the Globe Theatre● Catherine the Great

Classical Time Period (1730-1820)Joseph Haydn (German, 1732-1809)

● Repertoire: 108 Symphonies, Cello Concertos, String Quartets, Overtures, Notturnos, Trio Sonatas, Marches, Dances, Keyboard Sonatas, Mechanical Clock Pieces.

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● Contemporaries: Ludwig van Beethoven, Luigi Boccherini, Marianne von Martines, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Padre Antonio Soler, Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges.

Luigi Boccherini (Italy, 1743-1805)● Repertoire: String Quintets, String Quartets, Cello Concerti, Guitar Quintets,

Symphonies. ● Contemporaries: Pierre Baillot, Pierre Rode, Bernhard Romberg, Le Chevalier

de Saint-Georges.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austria, 1756-1791)

● Repertoire: Requiem, The Magic Flute, Rondo Alla Turca, Symphony no 41, Violin Concerto no. 3, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, Serenade no 9 “Posthorn”, Serenade no. 2- 4 Contredanses in F Major.

● Contemporaries: Luigi Boccherini, Franz Joseph Haydn, Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges.

Notable World Events● Seven Years War- Great Britain emerges as political power● American Independence● French Revolution● Qajar Dynasty in Iran● Toussaint L’Ouverture establishes the Independent Republic of Haiti● Broadway in New York City opens to Shakespearian plays and ballad operas

Bridge between Classical and Romantic Time PeriodsLudwig Van Beethoven (Germany, 1770-1827)

● Repertoire: Examples: Symphony no 5, Symphony no 6, Symphony no 9, Opus 131 String Quartet, Egmont Overture, Symphony 1, Symphony no 7 mvt 2, Fur Elise, Minuet in G.

● Contemporaries: Muzio Clementi, Joseph Haydn, Francis Johnson, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Franz Schubert, Carl Maria von Weber.

Notable World Events● Napoleon invades Egypt● Napoleonic wars ● Neoclassicism art and architecture throughout Europe● Mexican independence from Spain ● Lord Elgin removed The Parthenon Marbles and shipped them to London● Barbary Wars● Jane Austen published Pride and Prejudice

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

Romantic Time Period (1830-1900)Johannes Brahms (Germany, 1833-1897)

● Repertoire: Academic Festival Overture, Cello Sonata in e minor, Symphony no 4, Double Concerto, Lullaby, Hungarian Dance, Academic Festival, Symphony no 1.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russia, 1840-1893)● Repertoire: 1812 Overture, March Slave, Symphony no. 5, Nutcracker Ballet,

Romeo and Juliet, Serenade for Strings, Elegy, Souvenir de Florence, String Quartet- Andante Cantabile.

Antonin Dvorak (Czech, 1841-1904)● Repertoire: Cello Concerto, Symphony no. 7, Symphony no. 8, Symphony no 9,

Carnival Overture, Dumky Piano Trio, Slavonic Dances, Serenade for Strings, Humoresque.

Contemporaries● The Five (Milly Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, Modest Mussorgsky,

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov), George Bridgetower, Anton Bruckner, Edvard Grieg, Franz Liszt, Alberto Nepomuceno, Camille Saint-Saens, Clara Schumann, Robert Schumann, Jean Sibelius, Bedrich Smetana, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Richard Wagner, Jose Sylvestre White, Thomas Wiggins.

Notable World Events● French conquer Algeria● Taiping Rebellion in China● Russia defeated in the Crimean war● The Kingdom of Italy is established● American Civil War● Franco-Prussian War and formation of the German empire● Second Anglo-Afghan war● Construction of Trans-Siberian Railroad● Charlotte Bronte writes Jane Eyre● Tolstoy writes War and Peace

20th Century (1900-1999)George Gershwin (America, 1898-1937)

● Repertoire: Rhapsody in Blue, Blue Monday, Three Preludes, American in Paris, I Got Rhythm, Porgy and Bess, Cuban Overture, Lullaby, I Got Rhythm, American in Paris.

Igor Stravinsky (Russia, 1882-1971)● Repertoire: Firebird, Rite of Spring, Petrushka, Concerto in E flat Dumbarton

Oaks, Persephone, Cantata, Firebird, Pulcinella Suite.

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Dmitri Shostakovich (Russia, 1906-1975)● Repertoire: Symphony no 5, Symphony no 10, String Quartet no 8, Waltz no 2,

String Quartet no. 8 mvt 1.Contemporaries

● Louis Armstrong, William James “Count” Basie, Amy Beach, Frieda Belinfante, Alban Berg, Chuck Berry, Nadia Boulanger, Pierre Boulez, John Cage, John Coltrane, Aaron Copland, Miles Davis, William Dawson, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Phillip Glass, Scott Joplin, BB King, Charlie Parker, Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson, Florence Price, Sergei Prokofiev, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Arnold Schoenberg, Dmitri Shostakovich, William Grant Still, Igor Stravinsky, George Walker, Joseph White.

Notable World Events● Russo-Japanese war● Fall of the House of Romanov● Titanic● World War I● Edward VIII abdicated the throne● Spanish Flu Epidemic● Great Depression● Tulsa Race Riots● Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal● World War II● Rock and Roll● India and Pakistan gain independence● Korean War● Martin Luther King Jr Assassination● First Atomic Submarine● Soviet Satellite Sputnik● NORAD ● Space shuttle Challenger Explodes● Iran-Contra ● Persian Gulf War● Break up of the Soviet Union

21st Century (2000-present)Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (English, 1875-1912)

● Repertoire: Land of the Sun, Legend, Moorish Dance, A Tale of Old Japan, African Suite, Gypsy Suite, The Song of Hiawatha, Zara’s Earrings, Two Moorish Tone Pictures.

John Williams (American, 1932- )

Fine Arts Instructional Plan

● Repertoire: Star Wars, Schindler’s List, Indiana Jones, Jurassic Park, Hook, Harry Potter, E.T., The Mission, theme song for the Olympics, Concerti, Duo Concertante for violin and viola, Prelude and Fugue for Orchestra, Esplanade Overture.

Jennifer Higdon (American, 1962- present)● Repertoire: Blue Cathedral, Harp Concerto, Cold Mountain, On the Death of

the Righteous, All Things Majestic, The Singing Rooms.Contemporaries

● John Adams, Thomas Ades, Jean-Louis Agobet, Reynard Burns, John Cage, John Corigliano, George Crumb, James Dillon, Wu Fei, Phillip Glass, Evgeny Kissin, Gyorgy Ligeti, Vincent McDermott, Cassandra Miller, Jessie Montgomery, Nokuthula Ngwenyama, Takatomi Nobunaga, Arvo Part, Scott Perkins, Nguyen Van Quy, Steve Reich, Aribert Reimann, Daniel Bernard Roumain, Jeff Scott, Caroline Shaw, John Taverner, Eric Whitacre, ,,

Educational Composers: ● Shirl Atwell, Brian Balmages, Lauren Bernofsky,John Caponegro, Bob Cerulli,

Sandra Dackow, Susan Day, Elliot Del Borgo, Robert Frost, Doris Gazda, Kathryn Griesinger, Carrie Lane Gruselle, William Hofeldt, Merle J. Isaac, Katie LaBrie, Vernon Leidig, Bob Lipton, Robert McCashin, Terry McQuilkin, Richard Meyer, Deborah Baker Monday, Larry Moore, Kirt Mosier, Soon Hee Newbold, John O’Reilly, William Owens, Bob Phillips, David Shaffer, Alan Silva, Doug Spata, Mark Williams.

Notable World Events● ISIS ● Sept 11 attacks● Space Shuttle Columbia Explodes● Oil Rig Deepwater Horizon spill● Ebola outbreaks● Boston Marathon bombing● Edward Snowden NSA leaks● Boko Haram terrorizes students in Nigeria● Terrorist attacks in France● Brexit● COVID-19 Pandemic