Lana WestHonors World History February 13, 2010

Chapter 30 – The Making of Industrial Society

Coal and Colonies:

Coal played a crucial role in the industrialization of Great Britain. Coal replaced wood as fuel in iron production, home heating, and cooking. Great Britain had used so much wood they didn’t have enough left

o Because they cut down all the trees for fuel Some of Western Europe’s largest coal deposits were in Great Britain. Great Britain had:

o Water transporto Trade centerso Skilled workers

Great Britain had coal deposits, and people who knew how to get the fuel from the ground into a usable substance.

o This made people want to replace the use of wood for fuel with coal Without the coal deposits and people who knew how to use them, there wouldn’t

have been industrialization in Great Britain. Iron production and Mining & Industry were crucial to the industrial process in

Great Britain. China didn’t switch from wood to coal soon enough because the cities producing

coal were too far away from the cities that could sell it. Europe and The Americas had an economic relationship. The conquered and colonized lands of the Americas supplied European societies

with primary products.o Europe had more usable living space by not growing the primary products

themselves. Slave-based Plantations:

o Northeastern Brazilo Caribbean Islandso Southern United States

All supplied Europe Sugar

o Increased available food calories Cotton

o Kept textile industries working Plantations in the Caribbean Islands made a lot of money off the products the

slaves work produced, and could buy a lot of manufactured goods from Europe.o The slaves didn’t get any, even though it was them who ‘made’ the

money. Valuable resources sent to Europe:

o Grain

o Timbero Beef

These were all grown on American Ground Expanded Europe’s living space because they didn’t grow

it themselves American land space also served as somewhere for the Europeans to go after they

had run out of room.o Surplus population

European access to coal deposits and their use of overseas resources created a condition that increased the chances for an industrial breakthrough.

o The breakthrough started with Britain’s textileso Consumer demand encouraged a change in the British cotton industry

Calicoeso Brightly printed fabrico Inexpensiveo Imported from India

Cotton came into demand because it was:o Lightero Easier to washo Quicker to dry

Instead of wool British wool producers persuaded Parliament to create laws to protect the

domestic wool industry. o The Calico Acts of 1720 and 1721

You couldn’t legally import any textile, and the Government controlled and limited the making/selling of textiles in the home

Consumer demand for cotton products was the reason for the growth of a British cotton textile industry.