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Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
Stages of Prison Development in the United States
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Penitentiary Era 17901825
• Philadelphia Penitentiary begun by Quakers for humane treatment of offenders.
• Rehabilitation through penance (solitary confinement and Bible study).
• Known as the “Pennsylvania System.”
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Mass Prison Era 18251876
• Auburn Prison (New York) featured group workshops and silence enforced by whipping and hard labor.
• Auburn system was the primary competitor to the Pennsylvania system.
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Reformatory Era 18761890
• Reformatory style was based on the use of the indeterminate sentence.
• Elmira Reformatory attempted reform rather than punishment.
• Used a system of graded stages, gave way to the system of “parole.”
• Ultimately considered a failure, since recidivism was still a problem.
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Industrial Era 18901935
• Prisoners used for cheap labor in the era of the industrial prison.
• Six systems of inmate labor: 1) contract system 2) pieceprice system
3) lease system 4) public account system5) stateuse system 5) public works system
• Labor unions complained that they could not compete.
• The passage of the HawesCooper Act and AshurstSumners Act limited inmate labor.
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Punitive Era 19351945
• Characterized by belief that prisoners owed a debt to society.
• Custody and institutional security the central values.
• Few innovations.
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Treatment Era 19451967
• Medical model suggested inmates were sick and needed treatment.
• Most treatments include individual or group therapy.
• Other forms of therapy include: Behavior therapy Chemotherapy Neurosurgery Sensory deprivation Aversion therapy
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The CommunityBased Era 19671980
• Based on premise that rehabilitation cannot occur in isolation from the real world.
• Prisons considered dehumanizing.
• Led to innovations in the use of volunteers and the extension of inmate privileges.
• Programs include: Halfway houses Workrelease Studyrelease
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Warehousing Era 19801995
• Public and judicial disapproval of release programs and recidivism led to longer sentences with fewer releases.
• Nothing works doctrine
• Warehousing of serious offenders designed to protect society.
• Prison overcrowding became widespread.
• Greater emphasis on incarcerating nonviolent drug offenders.
Historical Development of Prisons Organizer Presentation.notebook
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May 16, 2017
The Just Deserts Era 1995present
• Based on the justice model.
• Emphasis on individual responsibility and punishment.
• Imprisonment is a proper consequence of criminal and irresponsible behavior.
• Chain gangs, “threestrikes,” and reduced parole.
