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bagrationTa samefo dinastiis RvTiuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb “...ZirTagan daviT winaswarmetyuelisaTa aRmocenebul varT, da mis gamo RmrTisa mier cxebiT ganegebis mefoba Cuen bagratoanTa da tomni varT daviT mefisa da winaswarmetyuelisa” “axali qarTlis cxovreba” venecieli mogzauris marko polos wyaros Tanaxmad “qarTvelni mefeni marjvena mxarze arwivis niSniT ibadebodnen”. 1 am gamorCeulobis erT-erTi gamoxatulebaa bagrationTa samefo gvaris RvTiuri warmomavlobis Teoriac. bibliis mixedviT, ebraelebi TviT RmerTis mier rCeuli xalxia, sadac mefoba mis mier aris dadgenili: “...gcno Sen ufalman mefed erisa TÂsisa israelsa Soris da Sen mefed pirvel iqmen erTa Soris uflisaTa” , ase mimarTaven sauls mefed dadgenis dros. 2 . bagrationTa istorikosTan sumbat daviTis ZesTan daculi bagrationTa RvTiuri warmomavlobis TeoriiT, saqarTvelos samefo gvari - bagrationebi bibliuri mefeebis iese-daviT- solomonis STamomavlebad Tvlidnen TavianT Tavs da amitomac iwodebodnen “iesian-daviTian-solomonianebad”. vaxtang VI bagrationTa “naTesaobis wignSi” qarTvel ers ganixilavs rogorc bibliuri noes Svilis iafetis STamomavlebs, xolo bagrationebs - noes ufrosi Svilis semis; naTesaoba aq warmodgenilia “dabadebis” ZiriTadi genealogiuri xazis saxiT: noe-semi-abraami-iakobi-iese-daviT mefe-solomoni; bagrationebi am mamamTavarTa da mefeTa pirdapir memkvidreebad arian gamocxadebuli. magaliTad, daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosTan daviT IV aRmaSenebeli ebraelTa mefis daviTis 78-e STamomavlad aris 1 His Royal Highness Crown Prince Nugzar Bagrationi-Gruzinski 's Chancellery Property

His Royal Highness Crown Prince Nugzar Bagrationi …...(952 г.), до царствования Константина и Романа, христолюбивых и багрянородных

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Page 1: His Royal Highness Crown Prince Nugzar Bagrationi …...(952 г.), до царствования Константина и Романа, христолюбивых и багрянородных

bagrationTa samefo dinastiis RvTiuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb

“...ZirTagan daviT winaswarmetyuelisaTa aRmocenebul varT, da mis gamo RmrTisa mier cxebiT ganegebis mefoba Cuen bagratoanTa da tomni varT daviT mefisa da winaswarmetyuelisa”

“axali qarTlis cxovreba”

venecieli mogzauris marko polos wyaros Tanaxmad “qarTvelni mefeni marjvena mxarze arwivis niSniT ibadebodnen”. 1 am gamorCeulobis erT-erTi gamoxatulebaa bagrationTa samefo gvaris RvTiuri warmomavlobis Teoriac.

bibliis mixedviT, ebraelebi TviT RmerTis mier rCeuli xalxia, sadac mefoba mis mier aris dadgenili: “.. .gcno Sen ufalman mefed erisa TÂsisa israelsa Soris da Sen mefed pirvel iqmen erTa Soris uflisaTa” , ase mimarTaven sauls mefed dadgenis dros.2.

bagrationTa istorikosTan sumbat daviTis ZesTan daculi bagrationTa RvTiuri warmomavlobis TeoriiT, saqarTvelos samefo gvari - bagrationebi bibliuri mefeebis iese-daviT-solomonis STamomavlebad Tvlidnen TavianT Tavs da amitomac iwodebodnen “iesian-daviTian-solomonianebad”.

vaxtang VI bagrationTa “naTesaobis wignSi” qarTvel ers ganixilavs rogorc bibliuri noes Svilis iafetis STamomavlebs, xolo bagrationebs - noes ufrosi Svilis semis; naTesaoba aq warmodgenilia “dabadebis” ZiriTadi genealogiuri xazis saxiT: noe-semi-abraami-iakobi-iese-daviT mefe-solomoni; bagrationebi am mamamTavarTa da mefeTa pirdapir memkvidreebad arian gamocxadebuli.

magaliTad, daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosTan daviT IV aRmaSenebeli ebraelTa mefis daviTis 78-e STamomavlad aris

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miCneuli: “.. .bnelsa ukunsa Sina iwyo aRmociskrebad mzeman yovelTa mefobaTaman, didman saxeliTa da udidesman saqmiTa, saxelmodgmaman, daviT, RmerTisa mamisaman, da TviT sameocdameaTvrameteman Svilman amis daviTisman, daviT”. 3

bagrationTa gvari adreve gamoCnda amierkavkasiis politikur arenaze, romlis Sesaxeb qarTul-somxur garemoSi sxvadasxva legendebi Seiqmna.

legenda qarTveli bagrationebis bibliur daviT winaswarmetyvelTan naTesaobis Sesaxeb mWidro kavSirSia somxeTis samefo gvaris bagratunebis izoTeizmTan.

cnoba bagrationTa gvaris bibliuri mefis daviTisgan warmoSobis Sesaxeb dadasturebulia X s. somexi istorikosis ioane drasxanakertelis “somxeTis istoriaSi” (anisis bagratunebis mateaneSi), romelic gamaerTianebeli rgolia Sambatisa da bibliuri mefe daviTisgan warmomavlobis ori tradiciisa. ioane drasxanakerteli werda: “valarSakma, somexTa mefem bagrati (movses xorenaciseuli bivrati), romelic Sambat uriasgan iyo da romelzec ambobdnen daviTis tomisa iyoo, Tavis gvirgvinismdeblad daamtkica”. 4

bagrationTa gvaris warmomavlobis Teoria mefe-winaswarmetyvel daviTisagan moyvanilia bizantiis imperator konstantine VII porfirogenetis TxzulebaSi “De administrando imperio”: "Должно знать, что ивиры, а именно - люди курапалата, похваляясь, утверждают, что происходят от жены Урии (Хеттеянина), прелюбодействовавшей с Давидом, пророком и василевсом. Они происходят, по их словам, от рожденных ее детей Давида, являются родственниками Давида, пророка и василевса, а тем самым и пресвятой Богородицы, ибо она происходила от семени Давидова.

Поскольку, как они сами говорят, они происходят из Иерусалима, поскольку великое почтение они питают к нему и к гробу Господа нашего Иисуса Христа, и от времени до времени щедро шлют деньги патриарху святого града и тамошним христианам.

Со времени переселения их из Иерусалима в ныне населяемую ими страну минуло до сей поры, до 10 индиктиона 6460 года от сотворения мира

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(952 г.), до царствования Константина и Романа, христолюбивых и багрянородных василевсов ромеев - 400 лет или даже 500".5

qarTul mwerlobaSi pirveli cnoba bagrationTa daviT winaswarmetyvelidan, anu maTi RvTiuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb daculia giorgi merCulesTan “grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi”; grigol xanZTeli (759-861) ase mimarTavs aSot kurapalats: “daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa mier cxebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo, mefobaÁ da saTnoebanica misni dagimkvidren qristeman RmerTman” da amiT akanonebs aSot I kurapalatis uflebas tao-klarjeTze.6

qarTlis erismTavrebi qarTlis mefeTa STamomavlebad da maT memkvidreebad miiCneven Tavs. “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” da sumbat daviTis Ze, adarnase kurapalats qarTlis erismTavarTa saxlis warmomadgenlad da mis wevrad miiCnevs. qarTul istoriul wyaroTa erT nawilSi daculi istoriuli tradiciiT, bagrationTa gvaris dawinaureba VI s-iT TariRdeba, xolo qarTveli bagrationebis dinastiis fuZemdeblad guaram (gurgen) erismTavaria miCneuli (aqedan gamomdunare, mas guaramianTa saxls uwodeben). sumbat daviTis Zis am cnobas exmianeba X s. bizantieli imperatoris konstantine porfirogenetis (913-959) Txzulebis informacia iberiaSi bagrationTa 400-500 wlis win damkvidrebis Sesaxeb. am cnobebis mixedviT qarTlis erismTavrebi bagrationebi arian. gviani Suasaukuneebis qarTuli istoriuli Txzulebebi da maT Soris Tavad bagrationTa samefo saxlis warmomadgenlebi, batoniSvilebi, TavianTi sagvareulos aRzevebis xanas VI s-iT aTariReben da mas qarTlis erismTavrebTan akavSireben.

vaxtang VI-is komisiis mier Sesrulebuli “qarTlis cxovrebis” gadakeTebuli CanarTis mixedviT, guaram qarTlis erismTavari “dediT iyo xosroiani (e.i. farnavaziani) da mamiT bagrationi” . daaxloebiT aseTive cnoba aqvs vaxuSti batoniSvilsac; amdenad, laparakia am sagvareuloTa naTesaobaze. somexi istorikosis sebeosis anonimi bagrationebs qarTlis mefeTa dinastiasTan akavSirebs da maT farnavazianTa ganStoebad miiCnevs. “qarTlis cxovrebaSi” daculi istoriuli tradicia ki qarTlis erismTavrebs farnavazianTa dinastiasTan anaTesavebs.

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Tqmuleba qarTvel mefeTa daviT winaswarmetyvelisagan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb qarTvelTa samefos damoukideblobisa da TviTmyofobis ideis ganmtkicebasac isaxavda miznad. amanac ganapiroba, rom “Cveuleba iyo saqarTvelos naTesavTagan maSin, rameTu ara visme i patronebdian, ukeTu hyavT memkÂdre mefeTa naTesavi” da Tu “mefobis” mdomi “mefeTa monaTesaveTagani” ar iyo, maSin igi “ver ikadrebda mefed wodebad da sworyofad da verca guarobasa mefeTasa”. 7

vaxtang VI-s mier Sedgenil genealogiaSi solomonis Semdgomi Stoebi ovalurad aris gamoxazuli. sqemaSi warmodgenilia genealogiuri xazi bibliuri adamidan noemde, noedan daviT winaswarmwtyvelamde, daviTidan meTvramete saukunis qarTvel mefeebamde. amiT xazgasmulia bagrationTa pirdapiri naTesaoba bibliur daviTTan.8

***saqarTvelo, rogorc RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana da macxovris kvarTis mflobeli

qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebiT, “waravlina elioz mcxeTeli da longinoz karsneli, da mun daxudes juarcmasa uflisa”; mas Semdeg, rac ieso qriste “damsWuales” “kuarTi igi uflisa wiliT xuda mcxeTelTa: wamoiRo elioz da moiRo mcxeTas” “meore ierusalimad” wodebul qalaqSi.

ieso qristes amaRlebis Semdeg, “raJams wil igdes mociqulTa, maSin yovladwmidasa RmrTismSobelsa wilad xvda moqcevad queyana saqarTvelosa” ; roca macxovari mas gamoecxada Tqva: “Ä, dedao Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufros yovelTa naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTÂs. xolo Sen waravline pirvelwodebuli andria

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nawilsa mas Senda xuedrebulsa, da Tanawaratane xati Seni viTarica pirsa Sensa dadebiTa gamoisaxos. da Sen wil xati igi Seni mkÂdrobdes mcuelad maTda ukunisamde JamTa”. 9

marTlac mariam RvTismSoblisadmi “wilad xuedrebul” saqarTveloSi “aderkis mefobasa Sina movides aTormetTa wmidaTa mociqulTaganni andria da sÂmon kananeli” . saqarTvelos kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberisZe (XII s.) xazgasmiT aRniSnavs saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobas - “nawilica iyo dedisa RmrTisa” .

aRmzrdeli moxuci qali uyveba wminda ninos macxovris miwieri wamebis Sesaxeb, “xarebasa da naTlis Rebasa, juarcumasa da aRdgomasa, da sudrisaTÂs da tiloTa, da juarisaTÂs da kuarTisa” . wminda nino kiTxulobs “sadaobasa kuarTisasa” . razec pasuxad miiRo: ”hxuda igi wilad huriaTa mcxeTelTa” . mociqulTa swori wm. nino “yovelsa Jamsa evedrebodes senaksa Sina TÂssa xatsa mas wmindasa RmrTismSobelisa winaSe mdgomare” , raTa enaxa saqarTveloSi myofi erT-erTi upirvelesi qristianuli siwminde - macxovris kvarTi (perangi). “wmidaman RmrTismSobelman Seismina vedrebisa misisaÁ da moiÃsena wilxudomaÁ misi qarTvelTa naTesavisaÁ, odes igi wil igdes mociqulTa queyanaÁ, da amisaTÂsca ganhmzada Rirsi da wmidaÁ nino mociqulad. da netar varT Cuen da samgzis sanatrelni,rameTu nawilni varT yovlad wmidisa RvTismSobelisani” ; “xolo Ramesa mas gamouCnda Rirssa ninos Zilsa Sina wmindaÁ RvTismSobelo da hrqua: “warved queyanad CrdiloeTisada uqadage saxarebaÁ Zisa CemisaÁ, da hpoo Sen madly winaSe RmrTisa, da me viyo mfarveli Ãelis ampyrobeli Seni”. 10

kvarTis flobas bagrationebi gansakuTrebiT usvamdnen xazs. saqarTvelo da samefo saxli patronia qristianobis erT-erTi upirvelesi siwmindisa da reliqviisa, romelic yvela qristiani erisa Tu qveynisaTvis saocneboa, amitom misi floba da bagrationTa RvTiuri warmomavlobis Teoria bagrationTa samefo gerbzec aisaxa (aseve saxelmwifo droSebze, beWdebze...). TvalSisacemia, rom kvarTs yovelTvis gamorCeul adgilze aTavseben. macxovris kvarTis floba da RvTiuri warmomavloba

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gamJRavnebulia samefo gerbis warweraSi: “samefo kvarTian daviTiani saqarTvelo”. samefo gerbze macxovris kvarTis garda gamosaxulia daviT winaswarmetyvelis Surduli, romliTac daviTma mokla goliaTi da misi qnari, aseve gerbze gamosaxulia samefo regaliebi - sfero, kverTxi, xmali da saswori. rac bagrationebis samefo gvaris RvTiuri warmomavlobis gamomxatvel elementebs warmoadgenda.11 “ amas adasturebs maT sagvareulo gerbSi Semdegi warwerebi: “q. ufuca ufali daviTs WeSmaritebiTa da ara Seuracxyos igi. nayofisagan muclisa Senisa davsva saydarTa SenTa” (fs.131,11); da “q. kvarTi igi romeli iyo ukervel zeiT gamqsovil yovlad” (ioane. 19.23).

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura

1. Марко Поло. Путешествия. Изд. Магидовича. Москва, 1954, стр.53.2. biblia. sapatriarqos gamocema. Tb., 1989, gv.249 - mefeTa I, Tavi 10, $1.3. cxovreba mefeT-mefisa daviTisi. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo mzeqala SaniZem. Tb., 1992, gv.165.4 . i.abulaZe. ioane drasxanakerteli. cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. Tb., 1937, gv.3; ioane drasxanakerteli. somxeTis istoria (786-925 ww.). somxuri teqsti qarTulad Targmna, gamokvleviT da saZieblebiT gamosca elene cagareiSvilma. Tb., 1965, gv.47; Иованнес Драсханакертци. История Армении (786-925 гг.). Ереван, 1986, стр.55.5. Константин VII Порфирогенет (Багрянородный). Об управлении империей. Под редакцией Г.Г.Литаврина. Москва, 1991, стр.193-195.6. giorgi merCule. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba. wignSi: qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. w. I. il.abulaZis redaqtorobiT. Tb., 1963; Георгий Мерчуле. Житие Григория Хандзтийского. Грузинский текст. Введение, издание, перевод Н.Я.Марра с

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Дневником поездки в Шавшию и Кларджию (65 рисунков). ТР, кн. VII, Спб., 1911, стр.96.7. vaxuSti. aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa. wignSi: qarTlis cxovreba. t.IV. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s.yauxCiSvilis mier. Tb., 1973, gv.565.8. bagrationTa genealogia, Sedgenili mefe vaxtang VI-is mier. wignSi: bagrationebi. Samecniero da kulturuli memkvidreoba. Tb., 2003, gv.256-267 Soris. 9. qarTlis cxovreba. t.I. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s.yauxCiSvilis mier. Tb., 1955, gv.38.10. arsen beri. cxovrebaÁ da moqalaeobaÁ Rirsisa da mociqulTa sworisa netarisa ninoÁsi. saeklesio muzeumis gamocema. Tb., 1904.11. T.asaTiani. saqarTvelos gerbi. Jurn. “artanuji”, #5, Tb., 1996, gv.41-42; saqarTvelos droSebi da gerbebi vaxuSti bagrationis mixedviT. Semdgenlebi: n.gamcemliZe, T.kiknaZe. Tb., 1991, gv.7,9,11; i.biWikaSvili. saqarTvelos istoriuli saxelmwifo droSis da gerbis Sesaxeb. gaz. “saqarTvelos respublika”, #134 (12 ivnisi), Tb., 1997; Бичикашвили И.Л. О грузинском историческом государственном флаге и гербе. журн. «Гербовед», №29, Москва, 1998, стр.134-141.

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