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• His Mission…
• Piaget wanted to find out how intelligence, or the ability to understand, developed during childhood.
• How did he do it?– Observing, questioning, and playing games
with babies and young children
• Our understanding of the world begins with mental representations.
• Assimilation– We try to fit new information or
experiences into preexisting schemas to help us understand.
• Accommodation– We have to change our schema to fit
the characteristics of the new information.
– When events do not fit into existing schemas, new ones must be created
• A young child’s world only consists of what he or she can see or touch
• If he or she cannot see or feel it, it does NOT exist
• Permanence– A child’s realization that an object
exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it.
• Objects and people are now independent of the child.
• Between the ages of 5 and 7, children generally make another step in understanding the world.
• Before this age, when the appearance of an object has changed, children believe the quantity of the object must have changed as well.
• When children understand the principle of CONSERVATION, they realize that the quantity doesn’t have to change just because the appearance has changed.
• Children have a tough time with this concept because they are EGOCENTRIC
– Seeing and thinking of the world from your own standpoint and having difficulty seeing other perspectives
• 4 stages of Cognitive Development– Sensorimotor (Birth-1½)
• Use schemas that primarily involve the body and sensations
– Preoperational (1½ -7 yrs.)• Child begins to use mental images
or symbols to understand things.
– Concrete Operations (7-11 yrs.)• Use logical schemas, but their
understanding is limited to concrete objects or problems.
– Formal Operations (11-Adulthood)• Being able to solve abstract
problems
• As we grow older, not only does our understanding of the world develop, but our emotional attachment to people develops as well.
• Imprinting– Inherited tendencies or responses
when new stimuli in the environment is encountered. (Goslings)
• Critical Period – A time in development when one
is best able to learn a skill or behavior. (13-16 hours for geese)
The Mother/Child Attachment• Infants begin to form their attachment with the mother around 6
months of age and develops through age 3.• Disrupting the attachment process can be very disturbing to children
• Separation Anxiety– A sudden separation from his/her mother results in anxious
feelings within the child
• Secure Attachment– Balance the need to explore and the need to be close. Ok with
mommy leaving, but will welcome her back with open arms.
• Avoidant Attachment– Upset that mommy left and will ignore her when she returns
• Resistant Attachment– Ok with mommy leaving, but reject her when she returns