HIPAA Compliance - 2015 -- Suchocki

Joseph Suchocki

HIPAA Compliance 2015

Sponsored by

Eagle Associates, Inc. Eagle Associates provides compliance services for over 1,200 practices nation wide. Services provided by Eagle Associates address compliance for OSHA, HIPAA, and OIG requirements. Eagle Associates has been providing services since 1988.

Our goal is to provide affordable, complete compliance services with a high level of personal support for our clients.

Joseph Suchocki President and founder of Eagle Associates, Inc., has over 42 years experience in marketing and consulting for the healthcare industry.

2014 Eagle Associates, Inc. 800-777-2337

www.eagleassociates.net

ObjectivesWho must comply with HIPAA?


Understanding Business AssociatesPrivacy Rule Basics

4

Conducting a Security Risk Analysis

What are the Rules?

The primary objectives for this HIPAA presentation includes:

Understanding audit team An explanation of the federal audit protocol for HIPAA Administrative requirements (i.e., assigned responsibilities, record-keeping, recording, etc.) Privacy Rule requirements Breach Notification Rule requirements, and Security Rule requirements

Who is required to comply with HIPAA?All Covered Entities must comply with HIPAA requirements

The definition of a covered entity includes any health care provider who transmits any health information in electronic form in connection with one of the named transactions (use standard transact and code sets).

Thus, if a dentist or dental office sends claims, encounters, pre-determinations, eligibility requests, claim status inquiries or treatment authorization requests electronically, then that dentist or dental office is a covered entity and is subject to HIPAA.


HIPAA Rules

Administrative Guidelines Privacy Rule Breach Notification Rule Security Rule Enforcement Rule National Identifiers Transaction Standard HITECH Act 2013 Omnibus Rule


HIPAA TermsProtected Health Information (PHI) Electronic Protected Health Information EPHI) Notice of Privacy Practices Authorization Use Disclosure Designated Record Set


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsWritten in Plain Language Effective Date (last required revision September 2013)

Opening Statements

Protected health information (PHI), about you, is maintained as a written and/or electronic record of your contacts or visits for healthcare services with our practice. Specifically, PHI is information about you, including demographic information (i.e., name, address, phone, etc.), that may identify you and relates to your past, present or future physical or mental health condition and related healthcare services.

Our practice is required to follow specific rules on maintaining the confidentiality of your PHI, using your information, and disclosing or sharing this information with other healthcare professionals involved in your care and treatment. This Notice describes your rights to access and control your PHI. It also describes how we follow applicable rules and use and disclose

your PHI to provide your treatment, obtain payment for services you receive, manage our healthcare operations and for other purposes that are permitted or required by law.


2013 Omnibus RuleModifications to Notice of Privacy Practices - Distribution

Practices are not required to distribute revised Notices to patients automatically.

They must make the new Notice available at the delivery site upon request on or after the effective date of the Notice, and must also post it in a clear and prominent location.

If the practice maintains a website, the Notice must also be posted there for patients to view.

As always, the Notice must be provided to new patients and a good faith acknowledgement obtained.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Receive Notice

Right to Authorize Other Use and Disclosure

Right to Alternative Communications

Right to Inspect and Obtain Copies

Right to Request Restrictions

Right to Request Amendments

Right to Disclosure Accountability

Right to Receive Privacy Breach Notice



You have the right to receive, and we are required to provide you with, a copy of this Notice of Privacy Practices - We are required to follow the terms of this notice. We reserve the right to change the terms of our notice, at any time. Upon your request, we will provide you with a revised Notice of Privacy Practices if you call our office and request that a revised copy be sent to you in the mail or ask for one at the time of your next appointment.



Acknowledgement of Receipt (one-time event) Posting Requirements

Prominent or Conspicuous Location Website (if practice has one) Patient Distribution


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Authorize Other Use and Disclosure

You have the right to authorize other use and disclosure - This means you have the right to authorize any use or disclosure of PHI that is not specified within this notice. For example, we would need your written authorization to use or disclose your PHI for marketing purposes, for most uses or disclosures of psychotherapy notes, or if we intended to sell your PHI. You may revoke an authorization, at any time, in writing, except to the extent that your healthcare provider, or our practice has taken an action in reliance on the use or disclosure indicated in the authorization.

Limited Authorization

Personal Representative


HIPAA Auditing - PrivacyPatient Authorizations for Disclosures

the identity of your practice;

the identity of the patient;

a specific and meaningful description of the information to be used or disclosed;

the name or other specific identification of the person or entity to whom your practice

may disclose information;

a description of the purpose for use or disclosure (can be stated as patient request);

an expiration date that relates to the individual or the purpose of the use or disclosure;

a statement that the patient may revoke the authorization;

a redisclosure statement (this protects your practice);

a non-conditioning statement;

a statement of the patient's right to receive a copy of the authorization; and

the patients signature and date of their signature.

2014 Eagle Associates, Inc. 800-777-2337 14

An authorization for disclosure (also referred to as a release of medical information or record) is required as a means of identifying

exactly who the patient desires to have access to their information. At a minimum, a patient authorization must contain the

following core elements:

the identity of your practice;

the identity of the patient;

a specific and meaningful description of the information to be used or disclosed;

the name or other specific identification of the person or entity to whom your practice may disclose information;

a description of the purpose for use or disclosure (can be stated as patient request);

an expiration date that relates to the individual or the purpose of the use or disclosure;

a statement that the patient may revoke the authorization;

a redisclosure statement (this protects your practice);

a non-conditioning statement;

a statement of the patient's right to receive a copy of the authorization; and

the patients signature and date of their signature.

An authorization that does not contain these elements is not a valid authorization and is not in compliance with the Privacy Rule.

Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Alternative CommunicationsYou have the right to request an alternative means of confidential communication This means you have the right to ask us to contact you about medical matters using an alternative method (i.e., email, telephone), and to a destination (i.e., cell phone number, alternative address, etc.) designated by you. You must inform us in writing, using a form provided by our practice, how you wish to be contacted if other than the address/phone number that we have on file. We will follow all reasonable requests.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Inspect and Obtain CopiesYou have the right to inspect and copy your PHI - This means you may inspect, and obtain a copy of your complete health record. If your health record is maintained electronically, you will also have the right to request a copy in electronic format.

We have the right to charge a reasonable fee for paper or electronic copies as established by professional, state, or federal

guidelines.

Designated Record Set

Timeliness


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Request Restrictions

You have the right to request a restriction of your PHI - This means you may ask us, in writing, not to use or disclose any part of your protected health information for the purposes of treatment, payment or healthcare operations. If we agree to the requested restriction, we will abide by it, except in emergency circumstances when the information is needed for your treatment. In certain cases, we may deny your request for a restriction.

You will have the right to request, in writing, that we restrict communication to your health plan regarding a specific treatment or service that you, or someone on your behalf, has paid for in full, out-of-pocket. We are not permitted to deny this specific type of requested restriction.

Medicare/Medicaid

All requests and responses must be in written format


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient Rightsto Request AmendmentsYou may have the right to request an amendment to your protected health information - This means you may request an amendment of your PHI for as long as we maintain this information. In certain cases, we may deny your request.

All requests and responses must be in written format


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Disclosure Accountability

You have the right to request a disclosure accountability - This means that you may request a listing of disclosures that we have made, of your PHI, to entities or persons outside of our office.

3 year history

30 days to respond


Notice of Privacy Practices - Patient RightsRight to Receive Privacy Breach NoticeYou have the right to receive a privacy breach notice - You have the right to receive written notification if the practice discovers a breach of your unsecured PHI, and determines through a risk assessment that notification is required.

If you have questions regarding your privacy rights, please feel free to contact our Privacy Manager


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosureTreatment

No Patient Authorization Required

Following are examples of uses and disclosures of your protected health information that we are permitted to make. These examples are not meant to be exhaustive, but to describe possible types of uses and disclosures.

Treatment - We may use and disclose your PHI to provide, coordinate, or manage your healthcare and any related services. This includes the coordination or management of your healthcare with a third party that is involved in your care and

treatment. For example, we would disclose your PHI, as necessary, to a pharmacy that would fill your prescriptions. We will also disclose PHI to other Healthcare Providers who may be involved in your care and treatment.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosurePayment


Includes Disclosure to Collection Agencies

Payment - Your PHI will be used, as needed, to obtain payment for your healthcare services. This may include certain activities that your health insurance plan may undertake before it approves or pays for the healthcare services we recommend for you such as, making a determination of eligibility or coverage for insurance benefits.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosureHealthcare Operations


Healthcare Operations - We may use or disclose, as needed, your PHI in order to support the business activities of our practice. This includes, but is not limited to business planning and development, quality assessment and improvement, medical review, legal services, auditing functions and patient safety activities.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosureHealth Information Organizations


Health Information Organization - The practice may elect to use a health information organization, or other such organization to facilitate the electronic exchange of information for the purposes of treatment, payment, or healthcare

operations


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosureSpecial NoticesSpecial Notices - We may use or disclose your PHI, as necessary, to contact you to remind you of your appointment. We may contact you by phone or other means to provide results from exams or tests and to provide information that describes or recommends treatment alternatives regarding your care. Also, we may contact you to provide information about health-related benefits and services offered by our office, for fund-raising activities, or with respect to a group health plan, to disclose information to the health plan sponsor.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosureTo Others Involved in Your HealthcareTo Others Involved in Your Healthcare - Unless you object, we may disclose to a member of your family, a relative, a close friend or any other person, that you identify, your PHI that directly relates to that persons involvement in your healthcare. If you are unable to agree or object to such a disclosure, we may disclose such information as necessary if we determine that it is in your best interest based on our professional judgment. We may use or disclose PHI to notify or assist in notifying a family member, personal representative or any other person that is responsible for your care, of your general condition or death. If you are not present or able to agree or object to the use or disclosure of the PHI, then your healthcare provider may, using professional judgment, determine whether the disclosure is in your best interest. In this case, only the PHI that is necessary will be disclosed.


Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosureOther Permitted Uses and DisclosuresOther Permitted and Required Uses and Disclosures - We are also permitted to use or disclose your PHI without your written authorization for the following purposes: as required by law; for public health activities; health oversight activities; in cases of abuse or neglect; to comply with Food and Drug Administration requirements; research purposes; legal proceedings; law enforcement purposes; coroners; funeral directors; organ donation; criminal activity; military activity; national security; workers compensation; when an inmate in a correctional facility; and if requested by the Department of Health and Human Services in order to investigate or determine our compliance with the requirements of the Privacy Rule.



Notice of Privacy Practices - Use & DisclosurePrivacy ComplaintsYou have the right to complain to us, or directly to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services if you believe your privacy rights have been violated by us. You may file a complaint with us by notifying the Privacy Manager at (123) 456-7890.

We will not retaliate against you for filing a complaint.


2013 Omnibus RuleBusiness AssociatesBusiness Associate - in simple terms, is is as a person or entity that a practice intentionally gives patient information to or gives access to patient information. Then, using the information or access to information, the business associate provides a service to the practice.


Business Associates include Health Information Organizations, E-prescribing Gateway, Patient Safety Organizations, Personal Health Record vendors or other person that provides data transmission services with respect to protected health information to a covered entity and that requires access on a routine basis to such protected health information, and a subcontractor that creates, receives, maintains, or transmits PHI on behalf of a business associate

Example - For example, a data storage company that has access to protected health information (whether digital or hard copy) qualifies as a business associate, even if the entity does not view the information or only does so on a random or infrequent basis. Thus, document storage companies maintaining protected health information on behalf of covered entities are considered business associates, regardless of whether they actually view the information they hold.

2013 Omnibus Rule


Compliance with all Privacy and Security Rule requirements

Business Associates Requirements

Required to ensure compliance by subcontractors

Covered entities should update business associate agreements to ensure language that specifies required compliance with HIPAAs Rules (Privacy, Security, Privacy Breach Notification, and Accounting of Disclosures) including those in the HITECH Act and 2013 Omnibus Rules.

Subject to same fines and penalties as covered entities

BA Requirements


Privacy Breach Notification Rule - Risk Assessment - 4 Factors

The rule defines four factors that must be used to more objectively evaluate whether or not a breach of unsecured PHI requires notification. Covered entities must consider at least the following factors:

1.The nature and extent of the PHI involved, including the types of identifiers and the likelihood of re-identification;

With respect to financial information, to assess this factor, entities should consider whether the disclosure involved sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, or other information that increases the risk of identity theft or financial fraud.

With respect to clinical information, the nature of the services should be considered, along with the amount of detailed clinical information involved such as treatment plan, diagnosis, medication, medical history information and test results.

The likelihood that PHI containing few, if any, direct identifiers could be re-identified based on the context and the ability to link the information with other available information.

2013 Omnibus Rule


Privacy Breach Notification Rule - Risk Assessment

2. The unauthorized person who used the PHI or to whom the disclosure was made;

Consider whether the information was impermissibly disclosed to an unauthorized person who is obligated to abide by privacy laws (i.e., another covered entity or Federal agency).

Consider whether the unauthorized person who received de-identified PHI has the ability to re-identify the information. For example, if information containing dates of healthcare services and diagnoses of certain employees was impermissibly disclosed to their employer, the employer may be able to determine that the information pertains to specific employees based on other information available to the employer, such as dates of absence from work.

2013 Omnibus Rule



3. Whether the PHI was actually acquired or viewed;

For example, if a laptop computer was stolen and later recovered and a forensic analysis shows that the PHI on the computer was never accessed, viewed, acquired, transferred, or otherwise compromised, the entity could determine that the information was not actually acquired by an unauthorized individual, even though the opportunity existed.

2013 Omnibus Rule



4. The extent to which the risk to the PHI has been mitigated;

Covered entities should attempt to mitigate the risks to the PHI following an impermissible use or disclosure, such as by obtaining the recipients satisfactory assurances that the information will not be further used or disclosed (through a confidentiality agreement or similar means) or will be destroyed. The recipient of the information must be considered (i.e., whether or not the recipient can be relied upon to destroy the information) before the covered entity can conclude that an impermissible use or disclosure has been appropriately mitigated.

2013 Omnibus Rule


Privacy Breach Notification Rule - Timeliness of Notification

The final rule makes one modification regarding the covered entities requirement to provide notice to HHS of all breaches affecting fewer than 500 patients not later than 60 days after the end of the calendar year in which the breaches were discovered ( rather than in which the breaches occurred).

HHS believes there may be circumstances when a breach goes undetected for a long period of time. If a breach that occurred in the previous year is discovered, the covered entity will have until 60 days after the end of the calendar year in which the breach was discovered to provide notice to HHS.

Notification to patients remains within 60 days following the date of discovery of a breach.

2013 Omnibus Rule


Security Rule and HITECH Act Security Rule

Scope of Information Covered

HHS stated in the February 20, 2003 posting of the Security Standard, as a general proposition, any electronic protected health information (EPHI) received, created, maintained, or transmitted by a covered entity is covered by this final rule. We agree that certain information, from which individual identifiers have been stripped (known as de-identified information), does not come into the purview of this final rule.


Security Rule Overview Security Rule


Security Rule and HITECH Act

Security Rule

Risk Analysis

A covered entity must conduct an accurate and thorough assessment of the potential risks and vulnerabilities to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information held by the covered entity.

Security Measures implemented to comply with Standards and Implementation Specifications must be reviewed and modified as needed to continue provision of reasonable and appropriate protection of electronic protected health information.


HIPAA Auditing - Security Risk AnalysisConducting a Risk Analysis

* Date your work!

* Identify the Standard and/or Specification

* Identify the Location of Policies & Procedures

* Document Your Findings

* Document Corrective Actions


The process of conducting a risk analysis involves five critical steps.

1. First remember to date your work so you can prove when the analysis and corrective actions, it necessary, were completed.

2. Identify the item that you are analyzing or assessing. In the case of a risk analysis this should be the standard or specification

that you are reviewing to ensure that your practice has met the requirements for compliance.

3. Identify the location of your policies and procedures. This is a simple reference in the risk analysis that identifies where to find

applicable policies and procedures. For example, you may find that policies are included or controlled by your HR department,

IT Department, or ideally collected in one location under the control of the Security Officer.

4. Document findings. This is a pretty straightforward step that will list for example, if you found that the appropriate policies and

procedures were in place and implemented, or if you were to find a lack of compliance in the need to develop and implement

appropriate corrective actions.

5. Document corrective actions. This step might also be known as implementing remedial actions or corrective actions that are

intended to bring your practice into compliance with the guidelines provided in a standard or implementation specification.


HIPAA Auditing - Security Risk AnalysisAdministrative Safeguards

STANDARD - Security Management Process

* Risk Analysis

* Risk Management


The risk analysis begins with the first standard under administrative safeguards which is the security management process. This

standard has four implementation specifications.

Risk Analysis - The first specification is to conduct a risk analysis. This is an initial and periodic or subsequent analysis or assessment

of the practices security processes to identify the potential risks and vulnerabilities to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability

of electronic protected health information that is collected and maintained by the practice. Documentation of the risk analysis,

as with all HIPAA documentation, must be maintained for a minimum of six year. It is important to note that the risk analysis is not

a onetime process - it should be completed annually.

Your finding for a Risk Analysis would be to list the date that the risk analysis was conducted.

Risk Management - While the risk analysis is the process of finding, the specification for risk management involves the process of

developing and implementing appropriate corrective actions for any risks identified curing the risk analysis process.

Your finding for Risk Management would be to verify that appropriate corrective actions (if needed) were implemented by

specific date or, in the case of strong compliance, that there were no corrective actions for this risk analysis.



* Risk Analysis

* Risk Management

* Sanction Policy


The requirement for sanction policy requires that your practice have written sanctions or penalties that would be applied when a

workforce member fails to comply with the security policies and procedures that have been established by the practice. There are

normally two locations for such policies, if they do exist in your practice. One location would be in your general HIPAA policy

manual or in an employee handbook or HR policy. The number and severity of sanctions is at the discretion of the practice and

can range from verbal reprimands, too written reprimands, to suspension from work, to termination of employment.

It is important for workforce members to have knowledge that sanctions will be imposed than what the sanctions are violations of

security policies and procedures. This should be part of your practices new hire orientation training, annual training, and should be

covered in a confidentiality agreement that is required for all workforce members to sign. The practice should ensure that

sanctions, if imposed, are applied equally for all workforce members.

The finding for Sanction Policy should identify that the practice does have existing sanctions that would be imposed for violating

privacy, breach notification, and security policies and procedures of the practice. Be sure to identify the location of the policies

such as if they are in an employee handbook, HR policies, or general HIPAA policies.



* Risk Analysis

* Risk Management

* Sanction Policy

* Information System Activity Review


The requirement for Information System Activity Review is intended to provide the practice with the ability to monitor and identify

inappropriate access, or use or disclosure of electronic protected health information from the practices information system. The

policy and procedure for this specification should help the practice identify, track, or document under authorized activities in the

information system. While large organizations and institutions might use automated programs, this is more of a periodic or as-

needed process in most practice settings. The use of audit logs, access reports, and security incident tracking will be a few of the

tools utilized to meet this requirement.

Your finding for the Information System Activity Review would be to verify that the Security Officer or another designated individual

in the practice has the capability to perform these functions.


STANDARD - Assigned Security Responsibility


The requirement for assigned security responsibility requires a practice to designate a single person (security officer) who will be

responsible for the development and implementation of policies and procedures as required by the security room. While there is

one individual designated as the security officer, they may be assisted by a group or committee.

The finding for assigned security responsibility should identify who has been assigned the role of security officer.



STANDARD - Workforce Security

* Authorization and/or Supervision


The requirement for workforce security involves three addressable specifications. The objective is to ensure that all workforce

members have appropriate access to the electronic protected health information and that policies and procedures prevent

unauthorized access.

The specification for authorization and/or supervision is the process of determining whether a particular user of the practices

information system has been granted the authority or right to carry out a certain activity, such as reading a file or running a

program. Implementation of this specification will vary among covered entities, depending upon the size and complexity of the

workforce in the information system that contains electronic protected health information.

The finding for the specification would identify the types of access that are granted to workforce members such as global

authorization ( as found in smaller practices) or role-based authorizations for users of the information system. You should also

identify the individual, such as the Security Officer, in your practice that has the administrative ability to assign, monitor, and control

access to the information system.





* Workforce Clearance Procedures


The specification for workforce clearance procedures ensures that the access of an authorized user of the practices information

system is appropriate for their role or job title in the practice. There should also be a screening process in place for new hires and

outside entities that may be assigned access to the practices information system.

The method that a practice uses to screen new hires an outside entities will vary from simple reference checks, too complex

background investigations. Note that the requirement does not specify any particular method. At a minimum, a practice should

check references on all new hires and entities along with performing a check of the OIG exclusionary database for fraud and

abuse listings. Using the OIG database helps accomplish clearance procedures and simultaneously meets the requirement from

the OIG to check individuals against their database.

The finding for workforce clearance procedures should identify that the practice does have appropriate policies and procedures

for workforce clearance prior to assigning authorized access to the information system. A practice should check references for all

new hires and check their identity against the oIG exclusionary database (this OIG check should be repeated, at a minimum,

annually for all workforce members.





* Workforce Clearance Procedures

* Termination Procedure


The specification for termination procedure requires the practice to have implemented a policy and procedure that ensures the

deactivation of the user's ID for accessing electronic protected health information and the collection of any physical means of

accessing the facilities of the practice ( such as collecting keys, changing combination locks, collecting access cards, changing

alarm codes, etc.).

The finding for termination procedure should include a note that indicates who in the practice has the responsibility for terminating

electronic access to electronic protected health information and collecting means of physical access to the facilities of the

practice.

Documentation of the termination process for workforce members and outside entities that have had their access terminated

should be maintained and available for review for a minimum of six years.


STANDARD - Information Access Management

* Isolating Clearinghouse Functions


The standard for information access management as three implementation specifications.

The requirement for Isolating clearinghouse functions is actually the responsibility of the clearinghouse used by the practice if the

clearinghouse is owned by a larger organization. The purpose of this specification is for the practice to obtain satisfactory

assurance, through the use of a business associate agreement, that the use and disclosure of electronic protected health

information, as provided to the clearinghouse by the practice, is limited to the contracted services of the clearinghouse and that

the information will not be used or disclosed by the larger organization, if one exists.

The finding for isolating clearinghouse functions is that the practice does have a business associate agreement with the

clearinghouse. The agreement might also be with a larger organization and specifies the isolation of information from a larger

organization.


STANDARD - Information Access Management

* Isolating Clearinghouse Functions

* Access Authorization

* Access Establishment and Modification


The specification for access authorization requires that you have written policies and procedures identifying how access to your

information system is assigned or authorized for workforce members and outside entities. Authorization is defined as the act of

determining whether or not a particular user has the right, based on job functions or responsibilities, to carry out a certain activity,

such as reading a file or running a program in the information system.

The finding for access authorization should identify that the practice does have a process or procedure in place to grant and

control access to its information system.

The specification for access establishment and modification is the documentation component to access authorization. The

practice should maintain documentation that identifies assignment of user ids (for example who the user id has been assigned to),

the date of establishment or assignment, the dates and details of any modifications up to an including termination from the

information system. Note that many EHR systems now have the capability of producing such documentation for the practice. If

not, the practice should maintain a log or record.

The findings for access establishment and modification should identify that the practice does have such documentation, who has

the responsibility for maintaining it, and that there is an ability to retrieve such information.


STANDARD - Security Awareness and Training

* Security Reminders


The specifications for security awareness and training is intended to ensure that all workforce members, including management,

are aware of security issues and are adequately trained to help ensure the protection of electronic protected health information.

The specification for security reminders requires a practice to provide periodic security reminders for workforce members.

Reminders can include notices or memos in electronic or printed form, agenda items are topics discussed at periodic staff

meetings, posted reminders on bulletin boards, and retraining for specific security policies and procedures. Note that this type of

reminder should be included as part of new hire training in annual security training.

The finding on this specification should indicate that the practice does use security reminders and briefly explain the process used

in work samples and documentation can be located in the practice.


STANDARD - Security Awareness and Training

* Security Reminders

* Protection from Malicious Software

* Log-In Monitoring

* Password Management


The specification for protection from malicious software is a requirement for the practice to raise awareness for malicious software

and communicate the role of workforce members in protecting the information system. Malicious software can be thought of is

any program that harms information systems, such as viruses, Trojan horses or worms. As a result of an unauthorized infiltration,

electronic protected health information and other data can be damaged or destroyed, and at a minimum, require expensive

and time-consuming repairs. Malicious software is frequently brought into an organization through email attachments, an

programs that are downloaded from the Internet.

The specification for login monitoring requires a practice to make workforce members aware of the need to monitor login

attempts and the responsibility to report discrepancies, alert messages, or other unusual behavior when logging into the

information system.

The specification for password management is intended to remind and make workforce members aware of the need to guard

not only their password but user ID to the information system. Be aware that many workforce members may not understand that

the use of their user ID and password leaves a trail identifying all activities either by them or another individual in the information

system.

The findings for these three specifications should indicate that there is training and awareness for each topic and that it is

provided upon higher into the practice and annually thereafter as part of the practice,s security training program.


STANDARD - Security Incident Procedures

* Response and Reporting


The Standard for security incident procedures has one specification requires a practice to implement procedures for handling and

documenting security incidents and the resolution to such incidents. A security incident is defined as an attempted or successful

unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information or interference with system operations in the

practices information system.

The specification for response and reporting of security incidents requires a practice to a system for handling such incidents.

Addressing security incidences an integral part of the overall security program for the information system. Whether or not a specific

occurrence or incident is considered a security incident, the process of documenting all incidents, what information should be

contained in the documentation, and what the appropriate response should be will be dependent upon the practices

environment and the information involved in the incident.

A practice should be able to rely upon the information gathered in complying with the other Security Rule standards (for example

its risk assessment, risk management procedures, and privacy standards) to determine what constitutes a security incident, in the

context of its business operations.

The finding for this specification should identify that the practice and its workforce members are aware of what would be

considered potential security incidents, who to report such incidents to, and the documentation of any investigation and

corrective action performed by the practice.


STANDARD - Contingency Plan

* Data Backup Plan


The standard for a contingency plan as five specifications. A contingency can be defined as a future event or circumstance that

is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty such as an emergency or disaster that might occur and require restoration of

the practices information system. a worst-case scenario could include a practice burning to the ground or being wiped out by a

severe weather events such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and flooding. So, a contingency plan could also be defined as what will

your practice do, in the event of an emergency, to ensure the integrity and availability of patient information and continued

operations to serve patients the practice.

The specification for a data backup plan requires some practice to establish and implement procedures to create and maintain

retrievable exact copies of electronic protected health information that it has collected, created, and maintains on its patients.

Data backup can vary from practice to practice using either local backup ( such as tape or other local drive back up) or cloud

service or other remote devices. A critical element is to ensure that your backup data is stored off-site from the practice. This will

ensure its availability in the event of a black hole situation for the information system.

The finding for the specification would identify that the practice does have a system for backing up its data, that the data is stored

off-site, and that it is secure (i.e., encrypted or secured by other means). This is a specification that should include detailed

operating procedures identifying how the backup process is achieved, the location of the stored data, the security for the stored

data, and the means for retrieving and using the backup data to restore the information system.



* Data Backup Plan

* Disaster Recovery Plan

* Emergency Mode Operations


The specification for disaster recovery plan requires a practice to have plans and procedures to recover and restore data in the

case of any disaster. The timeliness of the actions in this specification will be somewhat dependent upon the disaster or emergency

as well as the specifications for emergency mode operations and application and data criticality analysis will play a role in

determining the restoration of the practices information system. One of the critical elements for disaster recovery plan would

include identifying the hardware and applications that would be needed to restore or rebuild the information system in the event

of an emergency or disaster.

The finding for this specification should include identifying that a listing of assets for the information system is maintained ( both on-

site and off-site) to ensure availability for its use.

The specification for emergency mode operations requires a practice to address how it will continue to operate and serve

patients in the event of an emergency or disaster. An emergency can range from a power outage or blackout to natural disasters

such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes. Emergency mode operations will also be dependent upon the length of time

that the emergency or disaster will be affecting the information system.

The finding for the specification should list options for the practice and its ability to serve patients in the event of an emergency or

disaster. This could include closing the practice until power is restored in the information system is operating again, choosing to

continue serving patients in a paper-based mode until the information system is restored and then entering data at that time, The

possibility of operating from a remote location, or the use of the backup generator system that would require verifying the integrity

of your data prior to continuing operations utilizing the generator system.



* Data Backup Plan

* Disaster Recovery Plan

* Emergency Mode Operations

* Testing and Revision

* Application and Data Criticality Analysis


The specification for testing and revision requires a practice to review the elements of its contingency plan to ensure that it is still

viable and includes current technical capabilities, environmental considerations, and current regulatory requirements. This

requirement can be accomplished by conducting an annual risk analysis which would include reviewing and revising, if necessary,

elements of the contingency plan.

The finding for the specification could be as simple as stating that the elements of the contingency plan are reviewed on an

annual basis as part of the practices annual risk analysis process.

The specification for application and data criticality analysis should identify what software applications and data from the

information system would be critical to continuing operations in the event of an emergency or disaster or significant problem with

the information system. Meeting this requirement could include options that were discussed under emergency mode operations.

The finding for this specification should identify the applications and data that would need to be available to the security officer

and management personnel in the event of an emergency or disaster or significant problem with the information system.


STANDARD - Evaluation

STANDARD - Business Associate Agreements


Evaluation is both the standard and a specification requiring the practice to periodically evaluate and determine if its security

policies and procedures continued to provide protection for electronic protected health information. This is accomplished through

ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the practices environment, technical capabilities, and regulatory requirements. Conducting

an annual risk analysis will enable a practice to meet this requirement.

The findings for this specification should indicate how the practice periodically evaluates security policies and procedures. As

stated, conducting an annual risk analysis will ensure proper monitoring and evaluation for this requirement.

The requirement for business associate agreements is again both a standard and a specification. A practice is expected to

maintain business associate agreements with persons and entities that fit that description as required by the Privacy Rule and now,

again, for security. The 2013 Omnibus Rule required modifications or updates to existing business associate agreements. The

security officer or individual with responsibility in the practice for maintaining such agreements should ensure that updates were

made in accordance with 2013 changes.

The findings for this standard should indicate that the practice does have business associate agreements with persons or entities

that fit that description, who is responsible for maintaining the agreements, and the location of the agreements.

HIPAA Auditing - Security Risk AnalysisPhysical Safeguards

STANDARD - Facility Access Controls

* Contingency Operations


As mentioned previously, physical safeguards are intended to provide the practice with physical measures, policies, and

procedures to protect the practices electronic protected health information, building or facilities, and equipment.

The standard for facility access controls has four specifications that require a practice to develop and implement procedures for

securing the physical facility for its practice.

The specification for contingency operations is fairly straightforward in that it requires a practice to identify individuals or entities

that would require access to the practices facility to assist in restoration or rebuilding of the information system in the event of an

emergency or disaster. This could be accomplished by creating a list or allowing the security officer in management personnel for

the practice to identify appropriate personnel they would deem necessary to have access to the facility in the event of an

emergency or disaster.

The finding for the specification should identify how the practice will restore or continue operations and who would be needed to

assist in that effort.


STANDARD - Facility Access Controls

* Contingency Operations

* Facility Security Plan

* Access Control and Validation

* Maintenance Records


The specification for facility security plan will ensure that only authorized personnel will have access to the practices facility and

equipment that contains electronic protected health information. Documentation of who will have access will be accomplished in

the next specification. This specification also requires a practice to identify how its will secure its facility.

The findings for the specification should indicate how the facility is secured. Examples would include the use of key locks,

combination locks, pass cards, alarm codes, and other means for controlling physical access.

The specification for access control and validation would be the documentation portion of the practice.s facility security plan.

The findings for this specification would indicate how the practice assigns means of access to the facility and controls her

maintains accountability for assignment of keys, codes or other means of access.

The specification for maintenance records requires that a practice maintain a system for documenting modifications or

maintenance affecting means of access to the facility. For example, this would include documenting changing key locks, alarm

codes or other means of access to the facility and, in the event that the information is secured in a separate room, modifications

for access to that location.

The finding for this specification should be that the practice maintains or (if there has been no maintenance) will maintain

appropriate documentation.


STANDARD - Workstation Use and Security


The standard for workstation use and security relates to the physical location, surroundings, and use of workstations and other

devices that can access and/or store electronic protected health information. This would include evaluation for desktop

computers, laptops, tablets, exam room terminal screens, smart phones, PDAs, laboratory analyzers, EKG machines, and other

such devices that are capable of either accessing or storing patient information. Another consideration for this specification

comes into play when the practice has workforce members that operate from remote locations to include homes. Concerns to

address in this specification include:

Has staff been instructed on the proper use of their workstations and the need to limit access by non-workforce members? Has staff been instructed on the location and placement of computer screens to only allow clear viewing by authorized

individuals? As the practice implemented the use of password-protected screen savers and/or automatic log off in areas where devices

might be left unattended and accessible to unauthorized personnel? At workstation security policies and procedures been implemented with staff that work remotely, have access to, or work with

devices storing electronic protected health information? At physical safeguards such as limited access areas been identified to prevent use of workstations by unauthorized personnel? Have all types of workstations with access to, or storage of electronic protected health information been identified? are current physical safeguards for workstations effective? Is there a need to implement additional measures to ensure the physical safeguard for workstations?

The findings for this standard will be determined by answers to these questions.


STANDARD - Device and Media Controls

* Disposal

* Media Reuse


The standard for device and media controls has four specifications. The objective is to implement policies and procedures that

control the receipt and removal of hardware and electronic media, that contain electronic protected health information, into

and out of the practice, and the movement of devices and media within the facility. As referenced here, the term electronic

media means, electronic storage media including memory devices and computers and any removable/transportable digital

memory medium, such as magnetic tape or disk, optical disk, or digital memory card. This standard covers the proper handling of

electronic media including receipt, removal, backup, storage, reuse, disposal and accountability.

The specification for disposal requires that your practice have policies and procedures to ensure that electronic protected health

information is securely removed from devices (includes devices such as digital copy/fax machines) and media or that the device

or media is sufficiently damaged beyond repair, making the data inaccessible.

The findings for this specification should identify how your practice properly disposes of media and devices. The security officer

should maintain a record of electronic media disposal that demonstrates requirements have been met.

The specification for media reuse requires policies and procedures governing the reuse electronic media rather than its disposal.

Whether electronic media is reused within the practice, or outside, it is important to remove all electronic protected health

information stored on the media to prevent unauthorized access to patient information. Internal reuse may include redeployment

or sharing of media such as flash drives, CDs, DVDs, tapes, etc. External reuse may include donation of electronic media to charity

organizations, schools or, in some cases, resale to employees or others.

The findings for this specification will be determined based on whether or not your practice does reuse electronic media.


STANDARD - Device and Media Controls

* Disposal

* Media Reuse

* Accountability

* Data Backup and Storage


The specification for accountability is only applicable if the practice moves devices (that store electronic protected health

information) to locations other than the primary facility. Other locations would include satellite offices as well as homes of staff or

other workforce members. This specification does not apply to portable devices such as laptops or tablets that are moved from,

and consistently return to, the primary facility.

The findings for this specification will depend upon these questions Does the practice relocate devices that store electronic protected health information? If yes, is there documentation that tracks the relocation for such devices?

The specification would be not applicable if you're practiced is not relocate such devices.

The specification for data backup and storage requires a practice, prior to moving devices that store electronic protected health

information, to back up such data for restoration on the device in the event that the original data were damaged or its integrity

was questioned due to the movement.

The finding for this specification is dependent upon whether or not your practice does move devices.

HIPAA Auditing - Security Risk AnalysisTechnical Safeguards

STANDARD - Access Control

* Unique User Identification


As mentioned previously, technical safeguards are intended to provide the technology, policies, and procedures for the use and

protection of electronic protected health information in a practices information system. The Security Rule does not require specific

technology solutions. There are many technical security tools, products, and solutions that practice can select from. Determination

of specific security measures is up to each individual practice, based upon what is reasonable and appropriate for the size and

complexity of the practice.

The standard for access control has four specifications. The practice must implement technical policies and procedures that allow

access to the information system and electronic protected health information only by those persons that of been granted access

rights, as specified in the Security Rule. This requirement relates to the administrative safeguards on access authorization and

access establishment and modification.

The specification for unique user identification requires a practice to ensure that each user of the information system as a unique

identification to access the system. A practice should assign a username and password for each workforce member, technical

support personnel, and outside entities who will have access to the information system. The security officer should ensure that all

user IDs are unique and are not shared.

The findings for this specification should indicate that each workforce member has been assigned a unique user identifier and that

this identifier can be used to track user activity within the information system.


STANDARD - Access Control

* Unique User Identification

* Emergency Access Procedures

* Automatic Logoff

* Encryption/Decryption


The specification for emergency access procedure requires a practice to establish procedures for obtaining necessary electronic

protected health information during an emergency or disaster. The security officer should identify the persons who will be

responsible for restoring access in such cases. The designated individuals will be responsible for determining how access to

information will be gained in the event that normal environmental systems, such as electrical power, are in operable due to a

natural or man-made emergency or disaster.

The findings for this specification should identify that the security officer has established persons and/or outside entities that may

be necessary to assist in restoring access to information in the information system in the event of an emergency or disaster.

The specification for automatic log off requires that a practice implement electronic or, as an alternative method, manual

termination of an electronic session after a predetermined time of inactivity, or at the end of the day.

The findings for the specification should identify the practices method for meeting the requirement for automatic log off or the

practices use of an alternative method such as manual termination of electronic sessions.

The specification for encryption decryption requires a practice to implement a method or mechanism to encrypt and decrypt

electronic protected health information. This is especially critical for backup data and portable devices or media that store such

information.

The findings for this specification should identify that the practice has inventory and identified devices and media requiring the

use of encryption to protect patient information.


STANDARD - Audit Controls


The standard for audit controls requires that a practice implement mechanisms that will record and allow tracking of user activities

within the information system. EMR systems may provide the practice with the ability to audit, track, and produce documentation

of user activity. For most practices use aquatic controls and reports will function as an investigative tool that enables the practice

to determine unauthorized and inappropriate use of electronic protected health information within the information system.

The findings for this specification will be determined by the ability of the practice or security officer and their understanding of

functions within the EMR system that provided capability for auditing activities of individual users in the information system.


STANDARD - Integrity and Mechanism to Authenticate


The standard for integrity and mechanism to authenticate is met by implementing electronic mechanisms to confirm that

electronic protected health information has not been accessed or altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner.

Integrity is defined in the Security Rule as the indication that data or information has not been altered or destroyed in an

unauthorized manner. Protecting the integrity of electronic protected health information is one of the primary goals of the Security

Rule. Information that has been improperly altered or destroyed can result in clinical quality problems for the practice, including

patient safety issues. The integrity of data can be compromised by both technical and non-technical sources. Workforce members

or business associates of the practice may make accidental or intentional changes that improperly alter or destroy information in

the practices system. Data can also be altered or destroyed without human intervention, such as by electronic media errors or

failures.

Methods to protect data integrity and the physical environment include: making server successful only to network administrators,

keeping transmission media such as cables and connectors covered and protected to ensure they cannot be tapped, and

protecting hardware and storage media from power surges, electrostatic discharges, and make magnetism.

The findings for the specification will be determined by the practices ability to control access to electronic protected health

information and prevent unauthorized alteration or destruction of patient information.


STANDARD - Person or Entity Authentication


The standard for person or entity authentication requires a practice to implement procedures that will verify a person or entity

seeking access to electronic protected information is who they claim to be. In general, authentication ensures that a person is, in

fact, who he or she claims to be prior to allowing access to information. This is accomplished by providing proof of identity. There

are several basic ways to provide proof of identity for authentication purposes.

Requiring the use of a unique user ID within established password or PIN. Requiring individuals to use a smart card, a token, or key for access to information. Requiring something unique to the individual such as biometrics. Examples of biometrics include electronic recognition of

fingerprints, voice patterns, facial patterns, or iris patterns.

Most practices will utilize one of the first two methods for authentication to access their information system. If authentication

credentials entered into the information system match those stored in the system, the user will be authenticated and provided

access to the information system.

The findings for this specification will identify that the practice has established appropriate policies and procedures for

authentication of users attempting to access the information system.

HIPAA Auditing - Security Risk AnalysisOrganizational Requirements

STANDARD - Policies and Procedures

STANDARD - Documentation

STANDARD - Availability

STANDARD - Updates


The standard for policies and procedures requires a practice to develop and implement reasonable and appropriate policies and

procedures in compliance with the standards, implementation specifications, or other requirements of the Security Rule. While this

standard requires a practice to develop and implement written policies and procedures, it does not define either policy or

procedure. Generally, policies define a practices approach are intent to comply with the requirement within a regulation.

Procedures describe the methods that practice will use to fulfill, or complied with the policy. The findings for this standard should

indicate the existence of required policies and procedures.

The standard for documentation has three requirements. A practice must maintain policies and procedures in written or electronic

form. A practice must maintain written or electronic documentation for actions, activities, or assessments required by the Security

Rule. A practice must retain HIPAA related documentation for a minimum of six years from the date of its creation, or the date

when it was last in effect, whichever is later. The findings for this standard will be based upon a practices ability to confirm meeting

the three requirements.

The standard for availability requires a practice to make documentation available to those persons or entities responsible for

implementing the policies and procedures to which the documentation pertains. The findings for this standard should confirm that

policies and procedures are available for implementation and review.

The standard for updates requires that a practice periodically review policies and procedures and, as needed, update them to

reflect changes in regulatory requirements or the operational characteristics of the practice affecting the security of electronic

protected health information. The findings for this standard should confirm that the practice has appropriately maintained and

updated security policies and procedures.

Joseph Suchocki

HIPAA Compliance 2015

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Documents

HIPAA Compliance - 2015 -- Suchocki