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Hip & Valley Roofs. Note: Main pictures and text (although some re-written) is from the text book “Practical Australian Carpentry”. Created by M. S. Martin Oct. 2004 / Reviewed July 2007 / Reviewed June 2010. Component Information. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hip & Valley RoofsNote: Main pictures and text
(although some re-written) is from the text book “Practical Australian
Carpentry”
Created by M. S. Martin Oct. 2004 / Reviewed July 2007 / Reviewed June 2010
Component Information This sketch opposite
is from carp. 12 text, on P 73 gives good overview of new members
Other sketches come from the Practical Australian Carpentry text and your handouts
Components continued Also be able to
recognize the difference between
Hip & Valley and Broken Hip &
Valley P 72 textbook
Handout Hip & Valley Roofs
Good overview of components
Easiest way to cut overhang
You already know hips bisect the angle of an external corner
A Valley is formed in a pitched roof wherever an internal angle / corner is found on the roof plan
The main roof is referred to as the “major roof” and has the major span
What's known as the offset is the “minor roof” and has the minor span
The offset is important, see next slide and handout for reference
Hip & Valley Roofs
=
=
Note the offset in red =
The pitch of the roof remains the same
No new bevels need to be developed
Equal length of offset shown
Copy these as notes on your hand out Valley Rafter – The valley runs from the
internal corner to the minor ridge and forms the junction of the sloping roof members. On plan it will bisect the internal corner and has a plumb & edge bevel which are the same as the plumb and edge bevel hip rafter
New Roof Members
Notes continue over next few slides
Broken Hip Rafter – This rafter joins the main ridge to the minor ridge and is part of a full hip rafter that would form the corner of the main roof before the offset was added
New Members Continued
Valley Creepers – These are rafters running from a ridge to the valley rafter and have the same bevels as the other creepers and provided the spacing remains constant, the same difference in length.
New Members continued
Cripple Rafter or Crippled Creeper – This runs from the broken hip to the valley rafter, isolating the offset and valley, it is a single line development of that portion of the roof. The dimensions shown in your notes, (handout) are in addition to the hipped roof and will be used in future examples. Fig 13.23 shows arrangements of roof members when thickness is added.
This is shown on next slide Length of crippled creeper can be done
mathematically or measured in-situ
New Members continued
Valley Creeper & Crippled Creeper
As shown in your handout and on following slide, the wall plates for the minor roof are set out in a similar manner to the major roof.
While setting out the plates it is an ideal time to set out the minor ridge
A very strong job will result if the ridge is projected beyond the valley gathering point and fixed to the next rafter
Review in your notes and next slide
Set out of plates
Note: the set out of the rafters are in the direction of the arrow shown opposite
Wall plate set-out for valley
Page 6 of your handout shows calc’s for creeper reductions, if you choose to do them this way
Example uses pitch of 30°, therefore the rise per / m run is 577mm and the true length per / m is 1.155m
½ span of the minor roof is 1.350m, spacings of 600mm
Centre line length for minor roof is T/L per / m x ½ span 1.155 x 1.350 = 1.559 True length creeper reduction is T/L per / m x spacings 1.155 x .600 = .693
Calculations
See next slide for example
Key: - major span- minor span- reductions
Pattern Rafter set-out
Pitch the main hip roof as much as possible first With a straight edge, check that the minor ridge will
line up with the rafters on the main roof. A temporary prop may be used for support Locate the valley gathering point, partly drive a nail
into it,s position The centre line of the broken hip must gather at this
point Use a steel tape to measure broken hip Use a straight edge or rule to accurately locate this
point Fix broken hip into position
Pitching the hip & Valley
See notes and next slide for picture
Accuracy and positioning is the key to getting this right
Measuring the broken hip
Use a straight edge to help when fixing broken hip
Length of valley rafter Use a steel tape &
measure as shown The following pictures
show a tail on the valley It is not uncommon to
cut tail off and let common rafters form internal corner for facia
Take note of next slide & your notes in reference to cutting valley
Valley Rafter set-out
With broken hip & valley now in position, valley creepers can now be fixed.
Provided spacing remains the same, the difference in the length of the valley creepers is the same as for the hip creepers
Notes and next slide show a practical way to determine the length of the first valley creeper
Mark the rafter spacing from the last common rafter to the long point of the creeper
Using steel tape measure from the ridge to this point
Cutting valley creepers
Valley Creeper set-out
Fixing valley creepers After you cut the
longest creeper shown on previous slide
Other creepers will then shorten in length by the creeper difference
See sketch opposite and in your handouts
Valley creepers are fixed above the edge of the valley rafter
Proceed to fix any outstanding common or creeper rafters
Continue with purlins and strutting as previously learnt
Then the eaves overhang is marked and cut to length
Fix facia boards Fix valley boards The roof is now ready for the roof plumber
Finishing the hip & valley frame
Photo’s courtesy of Mick Taylor