Hille 07.04 - Findera · 2016. 4. 11. · Dry Matter (DM) Three times per week Algae Solution 0.2 – 2.5 % Organic DM (oDM) Once per week Algae Solution 55 – 65 % of DM Ammonium

Hille 07.04.2016

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1. Sludge washing unit

2. Algae for wastewater treatment

3. Algae experiments: main results

4. Detail planning of nidA200-plant

5. Redevelopment and restoration of lakes

Outline

www.limnosun.de 3

Sludgewashing unit „TW-Disposal“

Injection of primary- and activated surplus sludge

Settling primary- and activated surplus sludge

Displacement of „Sludgewater“, replacement with filtrate-/turbidwater

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• turbid- and filtratewater from anaerobic digestion is rich in nutrients

• Complex treatment in wwtp or expensive disposal neccessary

• E.g., co-treatment in biological part of wwtp

Concentration of the nutrients in the sludge fraction

Disposal of the biggest part of turbid-/filtratewater in digested

sludge

Sludge fraction enriched with nutrients:

Agricultural use + proceeding processes of nutrientrecovery

Reduction of operation costs

sustainability


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Outline

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Algae for wastewater treatment

Uptake of:

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Carbon dioxide

Trace elements

Production of:

Oxygen

biomass

O2

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Cultivation of mass algae cultures I

Algae from natural sources

Discharged supernatant water

Fast sedimenting algae sludge

greywater

mixing sedimentation

phase of selection (approx. 3 – 4 months) by daily decantation of the clear water supernatant and thereby disposal of floating algae

Cultivation of mass algae cultures II

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Completly stirred 30 s sedimentation

1 min sedimentation

5 min sedimentation

selection culture of fast growing, effective nitrogen-assimilating and fast sedimenting algae

SVI algae sludge = 30 – 35 ml/g (municipal WWTP = 75 – 150 ml/g)

Cultivation of mass algae cultures

in photobioreactors

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• laboratory-scale • daily analyses • series of

experiments • selection of

algae • harvesting of

algae biomass

Technical data:

• Volume: 10 L • Material: Borosilicate und

PMMA • Stirring rate: 5 – 30 rpm • Record interval: 1 s – 24 h • Recorded data: pH, O2,

temperature, stirring time • temperature-controlled

aluminium plate • CO2-Inlet

Micrograph of algae

Scenedesmus Ulothrix

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Credits to: Institute for Hygiene and Environment, Hamburg

- Sporadically other genus of algae and some bacteria were found, but always disappeared after a short time

- Scenedesmus and Ulothrix are most appropriate for wastewater treatment from municipal sources – at least under the conditions given at our experiments.

Cultivation of mass algae cultures

in tube-system

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Technical data:

• Vol. tubes: 107 L • Vol. storage tank: 240 L • Vol. sedimentation tank:

562 L • Length tubes: 38 m • Material tubes: PVC • Output: max. 4 000 L/h • Flow rate: 0.07 – 0.2 m/s

• Pilot-scale • Preparation of

large-scale plants • selection of algae • harvesting of algae

biomass

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Outline

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PBR: experiments

• supply with nutrients: daily change of ‘greywater’ (sequencing-batch-reactor-mode).

• ‘greywater’ = specific mixed water from a municipal WWTP with nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations very similar to greywater

• basis for extensive experiments to determine all relevant factors for waste water treatment • balances (nutrient intake; growing) • dry matter (DM) optimum

depending on light intensity • influence of seasons

Parameter Measurement intervall

Medium Typical concentration

Dry Matter (DM) Three times per week

Algae Solution 0.2 – 2.5 %

Organic DM (oDM) Once per week Algae Solution 55 – 65 % of DM

Ammonium (NH4-N) Daily Supernatant depending on supplied concentration

Phosphorus (PO4-P) Once per week Supernatant

Total Nitrogen Once per week Supernatant

Nitrate (NO3-N) Once per week Supernatant

Chem. Oxygen Demand (COD)

Once per week Supernatant

Oxygen Content Continuous (online) Algae Solution 6 – 60 mg/l

pH Continuous (online) Algae Solution 6.5 – 10.5

Temperature Continuous (online) Algae Solution 18 – 35 °C

Regular measured parameter in algae culture

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growing & harvesting

photosynthetic activity during the day

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Growth of biomass in the course of the year

Uptake rate of nutrients

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Adding greywater (known content of NH4

+ and PO4); mixing, taking zero probe

1 h: most of NH4+ and PO4

3-

assimilated

2.5 h: ingestion nearly completed

5 h: concentrations lower than measuring range (< 0.01 mg/l)

Absolute uptake rate of nutrients

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1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

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Uptake of nutrients in dark phase (night)

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Ideal dry matter content

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Elimination rate of influent and effluent from algae culture for E.coli

influent MPN/ml

effluent MPN/ml

Elimination rate %

4.6 0.02 99.6

0.43 0.23 47

4.3 x 102 43 90

9.3 x 103 4.3 99.95

0.15 0.004 97.93

4.6 x 104 9 99.98

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Elimination of micropollutants after 24 h

Substance group

Individual substance

WWTP effluent water [µg/l]

Blank probe [µg/l]

algae [µg/l]

Pharmaceutical substances

Lidocaine 0.117 0.112 0.102

Ibuprofen 0.062 0.052 0.012

Diclofenac 1.688 1.366 1.288

Metoprolol 2.17 2.11 1.75

Pesticides Mecoprop 0.011 0.008 0.008

DEET 0.034 0.020 0.022

Synthetic fragrances

Galaxolide-Lacton

0.797 0.867 0.264

others caffeine 0.119 0.104 0.094

Test series Biogas yield of algae [m3/t oTS]

Biogas yield of co-fermentation [m3/t oTS]

1.1 293

1.2 317

1.3 394

1.4 123

2.1 245 202

2.2 391 313

2.3 130 -

Biogas yield

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• Not a main objective, but algae are fast growing and have to be harvested regularly

• One way of using algae biomass: anaerobic fermentation • Summarised, the yield ist relatively low (and it even collapsed)

Lack of trace elements?

Inhibition?

• algae biomass can be used for biogas production.

• yield is not very high, but it is still in the range of stable manure

• fermentation residue sludge: valuable for agricultural use (enrichment with nitrogen and phosphorus; but conditions and legislations have to be regarded)

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Outline

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• The housing estate contains of 200 inhabitants

• Three existing wastewater streams (yellowwater, greywater,

brownwater)

• Separation of yellow- and brownwater is realised through water-save

vacuum-toiletts

• Chopped organic wastes can be added to the pipe for brownwater

Detail planning nidA200-plant

requirements:

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Detail planning nidA200-plant: layout

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Outline

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Problem:

A lot of phosphorus, nitrogen and other substances in the water

Effects:

Algal blooms

Dead (algal) biomass and anaerobic processes

Dying fish, toxic compounds in the water

Solution:

Nitrogen and phosporus has to be removed

Redevelopment and restoration of lakes

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Process: disposal of phosphorus in deep water of eutrophic lakes

and return of water without phosphorus and a high

amount of oxygen into deep water regions

Function of a algalmassculture for treating hypereutrophic deep water fractions of eutrophic lakes

AMC

Deep water with high amount of

phosphorus, e.g. 0.130 mg/l

treated deep water with P <

0.02 mg/l and O2 > 12-20 mg/l

algaebiomass

Deep water

cooling

removal

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Impulsive P-uptake

eutrophic

oligotrophic

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Cross-section

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overview Zwischenahner Meer

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nidA200 Innovative wastewater treatment: Sustainable, innovative and

decentralized wastewater treatment systems, including co-treatment

of organic waste based on alternative sanitary concepts

Sponsored by Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Project partners:

Documents

Hille 07.04 - Findera · 2016. 4. 11. · Dry Matter (DM) Three times per week Algae Solution 0.2 – 2.5 % Organic DM (oDM) Once per week Algae Solution 55 – 65 % of DM Ammonium