Highspeed Train

8/18/2019 Highspeed Train

1/22

A

Seminar Report

On

High Speed TrainsBy

Abhimanyu Singh Bhati

13EGBME300

Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for award the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

(Mechanical Engineering

S!"mitte# to$

Mechanical Department

%epartment o& Mechanical Engineering

Go't Engineering College Ban)*ara

+,-.$+,-/


2/22


3/22

INDEX

Sr.no Topic Page No.

A")tract ii- 0ntro#!ction -

-1- %e&inition --1+ Hi)tory o& HST +

+ Compari)on 22 Re3!irement o& HST 44 Technology o& HST .

41- (EMS Electromagnetic S!)pen)ion .

41+ (E%S Electro#ynamic S!)pen)ion /

412 0n#!ctrac5 6

.7rinci 7rinciple o& Mangla' Train 8

/ Compari)on Bet*een EMS9E%S :6 A#'antage);#i)a#'antage) o& HST -,

61- A#'antage) -,61+ %i)a#'antage) --

8 High )pee# rail in 0n#ia -+81- !a#rilateral 7ro=ect -4

: C!rrent HST in 0n#ia -.-, C!rrent HST in *orl# -/-- Acci#ent -6

Concl!)ion -8Re&erence -:

6


4/22

ABSTRAT

Thi) report o!tline) )ome o& the 5ey technologie) "ehin# high )pee# rail operation)1 0t al)o

highlight) )ome o& the co)t) an# "ene&it) o& high )pee# rail an# chart) the #e'elopment o&

high )pee# rail in the 0n#ia *ith a &oc!) on c!rrent #e"ate a"o!t the &!t!re #e'elopment o& a

high )pee# rail net*or51 0t goe) on to loo5 at the #e'elopment o& high )pee# rail in other

co!ntrie) an# concl!#e) *ith a "rie& o!tline o& the alternati'e Magle' tran)port )y)tem

7


5/22

hapter 1

!ntr"ducti"n

?hen Engli)h in'entor Richar# Tre'ithic5 intro#!ce# the )team locomoti'e on +- Fe"r!ary

-8,4 in ?ale) it achie'e# a )pee# o& 8 5m;h (. mph1 0n -8-. Engli)hman George Stephen) "!ilt the *orl#@) &ir)t *or5a"le )team locomoti'e1 0n -8+. he intro#!ce# the &ir)t pa))enger

train *hich )teame# along at +. 5m;h (-/ mph1 To#ay train) can &ly #o*n the trac5) at .,,

5m;h (2-- mph1 An# &ly they #o not to!ching the trac5)1

1#1#De$initi"n

High )pee# train) are a type o& pa))enger train tra'el that &!nction) at a )pee# m!ch higher

than that o& tra#itional pa))enger train)1 There are #i&&erent )tan#ar#) o& *hat con)tit!te) high

)pee# train) "a)e# on the train) )pee# an# technology !)e# ho*e'er1 0n the E!ropean nion

high )pee# train) are that *hich tra'el) -+. mile) per ho!r (+,, 5m;h or &a)ter *hile in thenite# State) it i) tho)e that tra'el :, mph (-4. 5m;h or &a)ter1

M!ltiple #e&inition) &or high$)pee# rail are in !)e *orl#*i#e1

The E!ropean nion %irecti'e :/;48;EC Anne - #e&ine) high$)pee# rail in term) o&D

-1 !n$rastructure% trac5 "!ilt )pecially &or high$)pee# tra'el or )pecially !pgra#e# &or

high$)pee# tra'el1

+1 Minimum Speed &imit% Minim!m )pee# o& +., 5m;h (-.. mph on line) )pecially

"!ilt &or high )pee# and o& or#er +,, 5m;h (-+4 mph on ei)ting line) *hich ha'e "een )pecially !pgra#e#1 Thi) m!)t apply to at lea)t one )ection o& the line1 Rolling

)toc5 m!)t ha'e a minim!m )pee# o& at lea)t +,, 5m;h (-+4 mph to "e con)i#ere#

high )pee#1

21 'perating c"nditi"ns% Rolling )toc5 m!)t "e #e)igne# along)i#e it) in&ra)tr!ct!re &or

complete compati"ility )a&ety an# 3!ality o& )er'ice1

The 0nternational nion o& Rail*ay) (0C pre&er) to !)e #e&inition) (pl!ral "eca!)e they

con)i#er that there i) no )ingle )tan#ar# #e&inition o& high$)pee# rail nor e'en )tan#ar# !)age

o& the term) (high )pee# or 'ery high )pee#1 They ma5e !)e o& the E!ropean EC%irecti'e :/;48 )tating that high )pee# i) a com"ination o& all the element) *hich con)tit!te

the )y)temD in&ra)tr!ct!re rolling )toc5 an# operating con#ition)1 The 0nternational nion o&

Rail*ay) )tate) that high$)pee# rail i) a )et o& !ni3!e &eat!re) not merely a train tra'elling

a"o'e a partic!lar )pee#1 Many con'entionally ha!le# train) are a"le to reach +,, 5m;h

(-+4 mph in commercial )er'ice "!t are not con)i#ere# to "e high$)pee# train)1 The)e

incl!#e the French SNCF 0ntercit) an# German %B 0C1

National #ome)tic )tan#ar#) may 'ary &rom the international one)1

1 | P a g e


6/22

1#(#Hist"ry "$ High Speed Trains

Train tra'el ha) "een a pop!lar &orm o& pa))enger an# &reight tran)port )ince the early +,th

cent!ry1 The &ir)t high )pee# train) appeare# a) early a) -:22 in E!rope an# the 1S1 *hen

)treamliner train) *ere !)e# to tran)port goo#) an# people at )pee#) o& aro!n# 8, mph (-2,

5m;h1 0n -:2: 0taly intro#!ce# it) ETR +,, train that ha# ro!te) &rom Milan to Florence an#

*a) capa"le o& tra'elling at a top )pee# o& -+/ mph (+,2 5m;h1 Ser'ice) an# &!rther

#e'elopment &or ETR +,, )toppe# *ith the "eginning o& ?orl# ?ar 001

A&ter ??00 high )pee# train) again "ecame a priority in many co!ntrie)1 0t *a) e)pecially

important in apan an# in -:.6 the Romance car 2,,, SSE *a) la!nche# in To5yo1 The

Romance car *a) a narro* ga!ge train (a narro*er area than 4 &eet I-14 mJ acro)) "et*een

the railroa#) rail) an# )et a *orl# )pee# recor# &or it) a"ility to tra'el :, mph (-4. 5m;h1

Shortly therea&ter in the mi#$-:/,) apan intro#!ce# the *orl#@) &ir)t high 'ol!me high

)pee# train that operate# *ith a )tan#ar# (4 &t ga!ge1 0t *a) calle# the Shin5an)en an#

o&&icially opene# in -:/41 0t pro'i#e# rail )er'ice "et*een To5yo an# O)a5a at )pee#) o&

aro!n# -2. mph (+-6 5m;h1

The *or# Shin5an)en it)el& mean) ne* main line in apane)e "!t "eca!)e o& the train)

#e)ign an# )pee# they "ecame 5no*n aro!n# the *orl# a) "!llet train)1

A&ter the opening o& the "!llet train) in apan E!rope al)o )tarte# #e'eloping high capacity

high )pee# train) in -:/. at the 0nternational Tran)port Fair in M!nich Germany1 Se'eral

high )pee# train) *ere te)te# at the &air "!t E!rope) high )pee# rail )er'ice *a) not &!lly

#e'elope# !ntil the -:8,)1

On +2 Octo"er -:,2 the S9H$e3!ippe#Railcar achie'e# a )pee# o& +,/16 5m;h(-+814 mph an# on +6 Octo"er theAEG$ e3!ippe# railcar achie'e#+-,1+ 5m;h (-2,1/ mph1

A )apanese magle* that i) the &a)te)t pa))enger train

in the *orl# The train tra'ele# &or =!)t o'er a mile

(-18 5ilometer) at a )pee# ecee#ing /,, 5ph

(262 mph1

2 | P a g e

Figure 1 The German 1903 recordholder

Figure 2 Japanese maglev


7/22

hapter (

"mparis"n +ith c"n*enti"nal trains

Ma=or comparati'e #i&&erence) "et*een the t*o technologie) lie in "ac5*ar#$compati"ility

rolling re)i)tance *eight noi)e #e)ign con)traint) an# control )y)tem)1

1# Bac,+ards "mpatibility

Magle' train) c!rrently in operation are not compati"le *ith con'entional trac5 an#

there&ore re3!ire all ne* in&ra)tr!ct!re) &or their entire ro!te1 By contra)t con'entional high

)pee# train) )!ch a) the TG< are a"le to r!n at re#!ce# )pee#) on ei)ting rail in&ra)tr!ct!re

th!) re#!cing epen#it!re *here ne* in&ra)tr!ct!re *o!l# "e partic!larly epen)i'e()!ch a)

the &inal approache) to city terminal) or on eten)ion) *here tra&&ic #oe) not =!)ti&y ne*

in&ra)tr!ct!re1

(# E$$iciency

%!e to the lac5 o& phy)ical contact "et*een the trac5 an# the 'ehicle magle' train)

eperience no rolling re)i)tance lea'ing only air re)i)tance an# electromagnetic #rag

potentially impro'ing po*er e&&iciency1

3# -eight

The *eight o& the large electromagnet) in many EMS an# E%S #e)ign) i) a ma=or #e)ign1

.# /"ise

Beca!)e the ma=or )o!rce o& noi)e o& a magle' train come) &rom #i)place# air magle' train)

pro#!ce le))noi)e than a con'entional train at e3!i'alent )pee#)1 Ho*e'er the

p)ychoaco!)tic pro&ile o& the magle' mayre#!ce thi) "ene&itD A )t!#y concl!#e# that magle'

noi)e )ho!l# "e rate# li5e roa# tra&&ic *hile con'entionaltrain) ha'e a .$-, #B "on!) a)

they are &o!n# le)) annoying at the )ame lo!#ne)) le'el1

# Design "mparis"ns

Bra5ing an# o'erhea# *ire *ear ha'e ca!)e# pro"lem) &or the Fa)tech 2/, raile#

Shin5an)en1 Magle' *o!l# eliminate the)e i))!e)1 Magnet relia"ility at higher temperat!re)i) a co!nter'ailing comparati'e #i)a#'antage ()ee )!)pen)ion type) "!t ne* alloy) an#

man!&act!ring techni3!e) ha'e re)!lte# in magnet) that maintain their le'itation &orce at

higher temperat!re)1

3 | P a g e


8/22

hapter 3

High Speed Train Reuirements

1# Dedicated trac,s

A) #e&ine# "y E!rope an# 0C generally the high$)pee# rail i) a )et

incl!#ing a high$)pee# rolling$)toc5 an# a #e#icate# high$)pee# line1 apan *a) the &ir)t

nation to "!il# a totally ne* an# #e#icate# line) an# net*or5 &or it) Shin5an)en1 0t *a)

&ollo*e# "y France then Germany Spain etc1 Mo)t co!ntrie) to#ay *ith high$)pee# rail

ha'e #e#icate# high$)pee# trac5)1(# Trac,s design

Contin!o!) *el#e# rail i) generally !)e# to re#!ce trac5 'i"ration) an#

mi)alignment1 Almo)t all high$)pee# line) are electrically #ri'en 'ia o'erhea# ca"le)Con)triction) )!ch a) A$gra#e cro))ing) *here line) inter)ect other line) an#;or roa#*ay)

are eliminate#1 For thi) rea)on apan an# China typically "!il# their high$)pee# line) on

ele'ate# 'ia#!ct)1

3# R"ad2rail parallel lay"ut

Roa# Rail 7arallel Layo!t !)e) lan# "e)i#e high*ay) &or

rail*ay line)1 Eample) incl!#e 7ari);Lyon an# Kln $ Fran5&!rt in *hich -. an# 6, o&

the trac5 r!n) "e)i#e high*ay) re)pecti'ely1

.# Trac, sharing

Sharing a line "et*een &a)t an# )lo* tra&&ic re#!ce) it) maim!m carrying

capacity "y a 'ery large &actor "y &orcing m!ch longer inter'al) "et*een train) at the t*o

#i&&erent )pee#)1 Etra t!nneling an# "ri#ge) may "e re3!ire# to con)tr!ct trac5) )hare# "et*een high$)pee# train) an# &reight train)1

# "nstructi"n c"sts

apane)e )y)tem) are o&ten more epen)i'e than their co!nterpart)

"eca!)e they r!n on #e#icate# ele'ate# g!i#e *ay) a'oi# tra&&ic cro))ing) an# incorporate

#i)a)ter monitoring )y)tem)1 The large)t part o& apan@) co)t i) &or "oring t!nnel) thro!gh

mo!ntain) a) *a) al)o tr!e in Tai*an1 0n France the co)t o& con)tr!ction (*hich *a) -, million;5m (S-.1- million;5m &or

LG< E)t i) minimiPe# "y a#opting )teeper gra#e) rather than "!il#ing t!nnel) an# 'ia#!ct)1

Ho*e'er in mo!ntaino!) S*itPerlan# t!nnel) are ine'ita"le1 Beca!)e the line) are #e#icate#

to pa))enger) gra#ient) o& 21. rather than the pre'io!) maim!m o& -Q-1. &or mie#

tra&&ic are !)e#1 More epen)i'e lan# may "e re3!ire# in or#er to minimiPe c!r'e)1 Thi)

increa)e) )pee# re#!ce) con)tr!ction co)t) an# lo*er) operating an# maintenance co)t)1 0n

other co!ntrie) high$)pee# rail *a) "!ilt *itho!t tho)e economie) )o that the rail*ay can al)o

)!pport other tra&&ic )!ch a) &reight1

hapter .

4 | P a g e


9/22

High Speed Train Techn"l"gy

High )pee# train) al)o calle# magle' train) operate *ith magnetic le'itation technology

#e'elope# "y apane)e an# German engineer)1 apane)e engineer) re&er to their metho# a)

electro#ynamic )!)pen)ion *hile German engineer) re&er to their metho# a) electromagnetic

)!)pen)ion1 Either *ay magnet) rai)e the train) a"o'e the trac5 *hich mean) there i) nonee# &or *heel)1

The t*o nota"le type) o& magle' technology areD

• Electromagnetic )!)pen)ion (EMS electronically controlle# electromagnet) in the

train attract) it to a magnetically con#!cti'e (!)!ally )teel trac51

• Electro#ynamic )!)pen)ion (E%S !)e) )!percon#!cting electromagnet) or )trong

permanent magnet) that create a magnetic &iel# *hich in#!ce) c!rrent) in near"y

metallic con#!ctor) *hen there i) relati'e mo'ement *hich p!)he) an# p!ll) the train

to*ar#) the #e)igne# le'itation po)ition on the g!i#e *ay1

Magle' train) *or5 in one o& t*o *ay) "oth metho#) are "a)e# on the )ame concept "!t

in'ol'e #i&&erent approache)1 German engineer) ha'e #e'elope# Electromagnetic S!)pen)ion

(EMS *hile the apane)e engineer) ha'e #e'elope# Electro#ynamic S!)pen)ion (E%S the

ne*e)t E%S technology "eing the in#!ctrac51

Magle' train) nee# )trong magnetic &iel#) &a)ter changing &iel#) thic5er material *ith lo*er

re)i)ti'ity )!ch a) copper )il'er al!mini!m etc in or#er to go &a)t1

.#1 EMS4 Electr"magnetic Suspensi"n

Meth"dD Electromagnetic S!)pen)ion i) "a)e# on magnetic attraction it i) 'ery comple an#

)ome*hat !n)ta"le1

5 | P a g e

Figure 3 Levitation Techniues


10/22

Figure 4 !or"ing o# $%&

H"+ D"es !t -"r,5% Electromagnet) line the !n#ercarriage o& the train *hile the trac5

()een in thi) #iagram a) the g!i#e*ay i) line# *ith coil)1 Beca!)e the c!rrent i) con)tantly

changing the polarity o& the coil) al)o change) permitting the )y)tem o& magnetic &iel#) to

p!ll an# p!)h the train along the g!i#e*ay1 A po*er )o!rce i) con)tantly )!pplying po*er to

the electromagnet) allo*ing the interaction "et*een the coil) an# electromagnet) to le'itate

the train1 The train le'itate) a"o!t -cm an# remain) li5e thi) e'en *hen it@) not mo'ing1 The

#i)tance i) contin!o!)ly monitore# an# correcte# "y comp!ter) to a'oi# acci#ent)1 The

g!i#ance magnet) on the le&t o& the !n#ercarriage are !)e to )ta"iliPe the train helping it

a'oi# hitting the )i#e) *hile it@) mo'ing1H"+ 6ast5 The)e train) can reach )pee#) !p to 4285m;h *ith pa))enger) on "oar#1On$"oar# Emergency E3!ipmentD EMS train) are e3!ippe# *ith "attery po*er )!pplie) in

ca)e o& po*er &ail!re) (train) can )!##enly )top le'itating an# potentially cra)h thi) allo*)

the train to come to a )mooth )top17"tential Health Ris,sD 7a))enger) *ith pacema5er) m!)t "e care&!l The )trength o& the

magnetic &iel#) that are "eing pro#!ce# i) "elie'e# to inter&ere an# #i)r!pt pacema5er)1

.#( EDS4 Electr"dynamic Suspensi"n

Meth"d% Electro#ynamic S!)pen)ion i) "a)e# on the rep!l)ion o& magnet)1 The magneticle'itation &orce "alance) the *eight o& the car at a )ta"le po)ition1 0t i) &or thi) rea)on that the

E%S )y)tem i) "elie'e# to "e )a&er than the EMS )y)tem1

H"+ D"es !t -"r,5% S!per$coole# )!percon#!cting magnet) are place# on the train car)

*hile electromagnetic coil) are place# along the trac51 S!percon#!ctor) are !)e# "eca!)e

they can con#!ct electricity e'en a&ter the po*er )!pply ha) "een )h!t o&& (!nli5e the EMS

)y)tem1 ?hen the train) get clo)e to the coil) a c!rrent i) in#!ce# *hich allo*) the train to

le'itate a"o!t -, cm an# center it)el& in the mi##le o& the g!i#e*ay1 To get the train mo'ing a

)econ# )et o& coil) are place# along the g!i#ance coil) an# a&ter the train reache)

' | P a g e


11/22

Figure 5 (nternal o# $lectrod)namic &uspension

approimately -,,5m;h the prop!l)ion coil) are acti'ate#1 The electric c!rrent that i)

con)tantly changing allo*) &or a change in polarity o& the electromagnet) *hich in t!rn

p!)he) an# p!ll) the )!percon#!cting magnet) o& the pa))ing train to allocate mo'ement1

En*ir"nmentally 6riendly5% By chilling the coil) !)ing cryogenic) engineer) are a"le to)a'e energy ho*e'er the proce)) i) 'ery epen)i'e1H"+ 6ast5% The)e train) can reach )pee#) !p to .++5m;h *hich i) con)i#era"ly &a)ter than

the EMS train)1Disad*antage8Ad*antage% E%S train m!)t roll on r!""er *heel) !ntil they reach a li&t$o&&

)pee# o& a"o!t -,,5m;h *hich ca!)e) re)i)tance1 Ho*e'er ha'ing the)e *heel) i) an

a#'antage #!ring a po*er o!tage it allo*) the train can come to a )mooth;)a&e1

.#3 !nductrac,

A po*er )!pply i) !)e# to accelerate the train !ntil it le'itate) an# i& the po*er &ail) i) can)a&ely )lo* #o*n on it) a!iliary *heel)1 The magnet) are ma#e &rom a neo#ymi!m$iron$

"oron alloy (create) a "igger magnetic &iel# an# are arrange# in a Hal"ach array

concentrating the magnetic &iel# a"o'e it1 The trac5 i) an array o& )hort$circ!ite# *ire) *hich

create a magnetic &iel# an# repel) the magnet) allo*ing the train to le'itate1 The)e type) o&

train) le'itate higher (a"o!t +1.4 cm an# are m!ch more )ta"le1 There are t*o #e)ign)

0n#!ctrac5 0 *hich i) #e)igne# &or high )pee#) an# 0n#!ctrac5 00 *hich i) #e)igne# &or )lo*er

)pee#)1

Figure ' *or"ing o# inductntrac"

+ | P a g e


12/22

hapter

7rinciple "$ Magle*

Magle' i) a )y)tem in *hich the 'ehicle r!n) le'itate# &rom the g!i#e*ay (corre)pon#ing to

the rail trac5) o& con'entional rail*ay) "y !)ing electromagnetic &orce) "et*een)!percon#!cting magnet) on "oar# the 'ehicle an# coil) on the gro!n#1 The &ollo*ing i) a

general eplanation o& the principle o& Magle'1# 7rinciple "$ magnetic le*itati"n

The 8 &ig!re# le'itation coil) are in)talle# on the

)i#e*all) o& the g!i#e*ay1 ?hen the on$"oar#

)!percon#!cting magnet) pa)) at a high )pee# a"o!t )e'eral

centimeter) "elo* the center o& the)e coil) an electric c!rrent

i) in#!ce# *ithin the coil) *hich then act a) electromagnet)

temporarily1 A) a re)!lt there are &orce) *hich p!)h the

)!percon#!cting magnet !p*ar#) an# one) *hich p!ll them!p*ar#) )im!ltaneo!)ly there"y le'itating the Magle' 'ehicle1

(# 7rinciple "$ lateral guidance

The le'itation coil) &acing each other are

connecte# !n#er the g!i#e *ay con)tit!ting a loop1 ?hen a

r!nning Magle' 'ehicle that i) a )!percon#!cting magnet

#i)place) laterally an electric c!rrent i) in#!ce# in the loop

re)!lting in a rep!l)i'e &orce acting on the le'itation coil) o&

the )i#e near the car an# attracti'e &orce acting on the

le'itation coil) o& the )i#e &arther apart &rom the car1 Th!) a

r!nning car i) al*ay) locate# at the center o& the g!i#e*ay1

3# 7rinciple "$ pr"pulsi"n

A rep!l)i'e &orce an# an attracti'e &orce

in#!ce# "et*een the magnet) are !)e# to propel the 'ehicle

()!percon#!cting magnet1 The prop!l)ion coil) locate# on the

)i#e*all) on "oth )i#e) o& the g!i#e*ay are energiPe# "y a

three$pha)e alternating c!rrent &rom a )!")tation creating a

)hi&ting magnetic &iel# on the g!i#e*ay1 The on$"oar#

)!percon#!cting magnet) are attracte# an# p!)he# "y the

)hi&ting &iel# propelling the Magle' 'ehicle1

, | P a g e

Figure + -rinciple o#magnetic levitation

Figure , -rinciple o# lateralguidance

Figure 9 -rinciple o# propulsion


13/22

hapter 9

"mparis"n "$ EMS : EDSThe #i&&erence) in the EMS 9 E%S are )ho*n in the ta"le1

Ta.le 1

EMS EDS

)e) con'entional electromagnet) mo!nte#

at the en#) o& a pair o& )tr!ct!re) !n#er the

train1 No re&rigeration pro"lem)1

)e) )!percon#!cting magnet) hence there

are re&rigeration pro"lem)1

The electromagnetic )tr!ct!re) *rap aro!n#

an# !n#er either )i#e o& the g!i#e *ay an#

pro'i#e the !n#ercarriage1 The train i)con)tantly li&te# (le'itate# o&& the g!i#e

*ay1

)e) a paramagnetic "a)i) to operate1

Sy)tem employ) an !n#ercarriage li5e

lan#ing gear &or aircra&t &or li&t$o&& an#

lan#ing1 The 'ehicle "egin) to le'itate at)pee#) in ece)) o& 4, 5mh Q- an# achie'e) &!ll

le'itation at aro!n# -,, 5mh Q-1 Thi) may "e

o& a#'antage in ca)e o& po*er &ail!re1

)e) a #iamagnetic "a)i) to operate1

The magnet) attract !p to*ar#) the

laminate# iron rail) in the g!i#e *ay an# li&t

the train1 Ma5e) !)e o& attracti'e &orce) to

li&t the 'ehicle an# re#!ce &riction1

)e) the oppo)ing &orce "et*een

)!percon#!cting magnet) on the 'ehicle an#

electrically con#!cti'e )trip) or coil) in the

g!i#e *ay to le'itate the train1 Ma5e) !)e o&

rep!l)i'e &orce) in the electro#ynamic

)!)pen)ion )y)tem to li&t the 'ehicle a*ay

&rom the g!i#e *ay1

The #i)tance "et*een the electromagnet) an#

the g!i#e *ay *hich i) a"o!t -, mm m!)t

"e contin!o!)ly monitore# an# a#=!)te# "y

comp!ter to pre'ent the train &rom hitting the

g!i#e *ay1 Thi) )y)tem i) inherently !n)ta"le

an# *o!l# &ail *itho!t thi) inter'ention1

0) )ta"le an# #oe) not re3!ire the contin!e#

monitoring that the EMS )y)tem nee#)1 The

#i)tance "et*een the train an# g!i#e *ay i)

aro!n# -, cm1

9 | P a g e


14/22

hapter ;

Ad*antages8Disad*antages "$ High Speed Trains

;#1 Ad*antages%2

1# &ess Sm"g in the ity%2

?hile there i) )till )ome contro'er)y o'er *hich &orm o& tran)portation i) more &!el

e&&icient train) or car) the amo!nt o& )mog an# poll!tion relea)e# into the city i) m!ch le))

*ith a high )pee# train than *ith the n!m"er o& car) nece))ary to tran)port the )ame amo!nt

o& people1(# !ncreased -al,ability%2

Fe*er car) in the city center) mean) more )pace &or people an# the p!)h to*ar# more

*al5a"le citie) "ene&it) more than =!)t tho)e *ho li'e there13# Reduced Dependence "n 6"reign 'il%2

A high )pee# rail net*or5 carrying electric train) co!l# "e po*ere# (at lea)t in part "y

rene*a"le energy )o!rce) re#!cing o!r nee# &or &oreign oil *ith all o& it) accompanying

)i#e e&&ect)1.# Sa$er than Dri*ing%2

Ten) o& tho!)an#) o& people #ie each year in a!tomo"ile acci#ent) "!t train) are one o&

the )a&e)t &orm) o& tran)portation *e c!rrently ha'e1# Ec"n"mic B""st %2

The economic "ene&it) o& a high )pee# train )y)tem come &rom a 'ariety o& angle)1

From the =o") create# to "!il# the net*or5 to the increa)e# pro#!cti'ity *hich *o!l# come

&rom more e&&icient !)e o& time (le)) )itting in tra&&ic =am) to the increa)e# acce)) to

tran)portation o& goo#) an# people &or local "!)ine))e) high )pee# train) ma5e economic

)en)e19# M"re E$$icient


15/22

For long #i)tance) the a#'antage o& air tra'el o'er the train i) o"'io!)1 ?hy *o!l# )omeone

ri#e a train *hen one can "!y a tic5et an# &ly the )ame Lo) Angele)$to$ San Franci)co ro!te

in hal& the time &or nearly hal& the propo)e# high$)pee# rail &areU(# T"" $e+ +ill ride HSR t" ha*e en*ir"nmental impact%2

0t *on@t relie'e !r"an tra&&ic conge)tion an# it) contri"!tion to impro'ing air 3!ality (or

re#!cing car"on #ioi#e emi))ion) *ill "e negligi"le "eca!)e it *on@t carry eno!gh ri#er) to

ma5e a "ig #i&&erence13# High2speed rail has greater ris, "$ catastr"phic accidentD$

High )pee# rail #!e to the etremely high )pee#) i) m!ch more li5ely to re)!lt in a

cata)trophic acci#ent in the e'ent o& )ome mi)ta5e an# #erailment1 ?hile &airly rare the

magnit!#e o& the potential acci#ent i) a ma=or ri)5 )!rro!n#ing high$)pee# rail1 An# the)e

ri)5) #on@t )imply apply to the pa))enger) they al)o apply to the companie) "!il#ing the rail

)y)tem) *hich may inc!r ma=or legal lia"ilitie) an# )hare$price )et"ac5) &rom a ma=or

acci#ent1.# S"cial dra+bac,s e>ternalities4%2

The only real eternality i) the &act that in or#er to "!il# high )pee# rail line) the co!ntry )i#e

ha) to "e )acri&ice#1 Thi) partic!lar eternality applie) to all &orm) o& tran)port ho*e'er (*ith

the po))i"le eception o& *ater1 Altho!gh high )pee# rail line) #o not occ!py a large amo!nt

o& room the &act that they ha'e to "e )traight an# le'el !)!ally in'ol'e) large amo!nt) o&

em"an5ment) an# c!tting) ca!)ing con)i#era"le #i)r!ption to the co!ntry)i#e1# "st2e$$ecti*eness "n the basis "$ p"lluti"n c"ntr"l%2

High initial co)t) o&ten mean p!"lic money ha) to "e !)e# "eca!)e the pri'ate )ector i)

!)!ally !n*illing to engage in )!ch large pro=ect)1 A) a re)!lt many *o!l# arg!e that the

money !)e# to "!il# )!ch rail )y)tem) *o!l# "e more e&&ecti'ely )pent in other pro=ect) i& the

primary o"=ecti'e) *ere to re#!ce tra&&ic conge)tion;poll!tion1

9# &imitati"ns "$ high speed rail%2High )pee# rail i) only applica"le to inter$city )er'ice) in high #en)ity corri#or) (ha'ing )ai#

that connecting train) can #eli'er people #oor to #oor1 Thi) mean) that in or#er to *or5

e&&ecti'ely high )pee# rail m!)t "e "ac5e# !p "y a #ecent !r"an;light rail tran)it )y)tem a)

&o!n# in E!rope an# apan1 S!ch )y)tem) are rarer1;# &imitati"ns "$ ge"graphy%2

High )pee# rail*ay line) nee# to "e a) )traight an# le'el a) po))i"le1 There&ore o&ten the

rail*ay) are carrie# o'er #ip) an# hill) in the co!ntry)i#e "y em"an5ment) 'ia#!ct) c!tting)

an# t!nnel)1 (T!nnel) are )ometime) !n)!ita"le #!e to *in# t!r"!lence pro"lem)1 Ho*e'er

the)e greatly increa)e the co)t o& the rail*ay an# o& co!r)e i& the lan#)cape i) mo!ntaino!)

then it "ecome) 'ery #i&&ic!lt to "!il# it )traight an# le'ele#1 Nat!rally rail*ay) cannot "e "!ilt o'er *ater &or long #i)tance)1

hapter =

High2speed rail in !ndia=#1 ?isi"n

0n#ia ha) one o& the large)t rail net*or5) in the *orl# "!t a) o& +,-. it #oe) not con)i)t o&

any line cla))e# a) high$)pee# rail (HSR *hich allo*) an operational )pee# o& +,, 5m;h or

11 | P a g e


16/22

more1 The c!rrent &a)te)t train in 0n#ia i) the Gatimaan Epre)) that r!n) *ith a top )pee# o&

-/, 5m;h *ith a'erage )pee# o& a"o'e -,, 5m;hr "et*een %elhi an# Agra10n#ia@) 7rime mini)ter Naren#ra Mo#i appro'e# the choice o& apan to "!il# 0n#ia) &ir)t

high$)pee# rail*ay1 The planne# rail*ay *o!l# r!n )ome .,, 5ilometer) (2-, mile) "et*een

0n#ia) &inancial capital M!m"ai an# the *e)tern city o& Ahme#a"a# at a top )pee# o& 2+,

5m;h1 n#er the apane)e propo)al con)tr!ction i) epecte# to "egin in +,-6 an# "e

complete# in +,+21 0t *o!l# co)t a"o!t :8, "illion (S-4₹ "illion an# "e &inance# "y a

lo*$intere)t loan &rom apan1 0n#ia *ill !)e the *heel "a)e# 2,, 5m;hr HSR technology

in)tea# o& ne* magle' /,, 5m;hr technology o& the apan !)e# in ChVW Shin5an)en

Figure 10 -roposed /ullet Train orridors

=#( Mumbai@Ahmadabad high2speed rail c"rrid"r The M!m"aiQAhme#a"a# high$)pee# rail corri#or i) an appro'e# high$)pee# rail corri#or in

0n#ia connecting the citie) o& M!m"ai an# Ahme#a"a#1 0& "!ilt it *ill "e 0n#ia@) &ir)t high

)pee# rail line1 The pro=ect i) e)timate# to co)t :,,,, crore) ( :,, "illion1₹ ₹

0n an!ary +,-/ The 0n#ian Rail*ay Mini)try ha) &a)t trac5e# the M!m"ai $ Ahme#a"a# "!llet train corri#or "y )etting !p a )eparate company *hich *ill "!il# an# operate the "!llet

12 | P a g e


17/22

train1 The company *ill "e regi)tere# in an!ary in the name o& 0n#ian Rail*ay)1 At later

)tage the company *o!l# "e ma#e into a < *ith e3!ity participation o& the Mahara)htra an#

G!=arat Go'ernment)1 The 7!"lic )ector company i) epecte# to "!il# an# al)o carry o!t train

operation)1The pro=ect i) e)timate# to co)t :8,,, crore (S-4₹ "illion10n %ecem"er +,-. apan agree# to pro'i#e S-+ "illion

&or the pro=ect at a 'ery lo* intere)t rate o& ,1- o'er ., year) an# a moratori!m on repayment) !p to -. year)10n an!ary +,-/ it@) e)timate# that pro=ect i) li5ely to co)t0NR :6/2/ crore an# i) )che#!le to "e complete# *ithin 6 year (+,+4$+,+.1 apan ha) agree# to &!n# 8- o& the total

pro=ect co)t (0NR 6:-/. Crore *hile re)t o& the re)o!rce)*o!l# "e poole# "y rail*ay) an# the )tate go'ernment) o&Mahara)htra an# G!=arat1 The .,. 5m long corri#or i) li5elyto "e eten#e# to connect M!m"ai *ith %elhi in the &!t!re10n or#er to )ol'e pro"lem) li5e ac3!iring 'a)t tract) o& lan#

an# "!il#ing !n#erpa))e) &or people an# cattle the propo)e#M!m"ai$Ahme#a"a# "!llet train may r!n on an ele'ate#corri#or *hich i) li5ely to increa)e the pro=ect co)t "ya"o!t R)1 -,,,, crore1Silent 6eatures

Mumbai t" Ahmedabad

.+,5mD Approimate #i)tance the train *ill co'er

2.,5mphD The epecte# operating )pee# o& the train

2$4 ho!r)D The time it *ill ta5e to reach Ahme#a"a# !)ing the "!llet train

8 ho!r)D The time it ta5e) &rom M!m"ai to ahme#a"a# in a train c!rrently

.,$-,,5mD The #i)tance "et*een each )tation on the line6D N!m"er o& )tation) on thi) high$)pee# corri#or

/umbers game

R)1 /,,,,crD The approimate co)t o& the pro=ect

R)1 -,,crD The amo!nt "!#gete# to initiate the pro=ect

-"rth its length

R)1 -.crD The co)t &or laying a 5ilometre o& trac5) &or the c!rrent rail*ay net*or5

R)1 -+.crD The co)t per 5ilometre &or the high$)pee# corri#or

=#3 Diam"nd uadrilateralThe Diam"nd uadrilateral i) a pro=ect o& the 0n#ian rail*ay) to e)ta"li)h high )pee# rail

net*or5 in 0n#ia1 Thi) 3!a#rilateral *ill connect the &o!r metro citie) in 0n#ia i1e1 %elhi

M!m"ai Chennai an# Kol5ata1 Thi) pro=ect i) )imilar to Gol#en >!a#rilateral *hich i) a

roa#*ay pro=ect *hich connect) the &o!r metro) "y Epre)) ?ay)1 The Gol#en >!a#rilateral

&all) !n#er National High*ay) %e'elopment 7ro=ect *hich ha) helpe# to "!il# "etter roa#

tran)port in 0n#ia1 Similarly to impro'e co!ntry@) rail in&ra)tr!ct!re there i) a nee# to

implement High$)pee# train) ; B!llet train)1 So to &!l&ill thi) #eman# the %iamon#

>!a#rilateral pro=ect *a) planne#1 0n#ia to#ay i) planning to )tart Semi$high )pee# train) onnine corri#or) an# ha) am"ition to r!n "!llet train) in &!t!re1 High$)pee# train on M!m"ai$

13 | P a g e

Figure 11 %um.aihmada.adhighspeed rail corridor


18/22

Ahme#a"a# )ection *ill "e the &ir)t "!llet train corri#or to "e implemente# in the co!ntry1 On

: !ne +,-4 the 7re)i#ent o& 0n#ia 7rana" M!5her=ee o&&icially mentione# that the

Go'ernment le# "y 7rime Mini)ter Naren#ra Mo#i *ill la!nch a %iamon# >!a#rilateral

pro=ect o& high )pee# train)

Silent 6eatures

Diam"nd uadrilateral

(%elhi $ M!m"ai $ Chennai $ Kol5ata $ %elhi$ Aro!n# /,,, Km)X %elhi$Chennai$ ++,, Km)X M!m"ai$Kol5ata$ +,,, Km)X %elhi$Amrit)ar $ 4., Km)X Ra=5ot$press

The Ne* %elhi Bhopal Shata"#i Epre)) i)

the &a)te)t train in 0n#ia *ith the top )pee#

o& -., 5m;h (:2 mph Shata"#i Epre))

train) are &!lly air$ con#itione# an# o& a

m!ch higher )tan#ar# than mo)t 0n#ian rail

coache)1

(# Mumbai Radhani E>press

14 | P a g e

Figure 12 iamonduadrilateral

Figure 13 /hopal &hata.di$6press

Figure 14 %um.ai 7a8dhani $6press


19/22

The M!m"ai Ra=#hani Epre)) or M!m"ai

CentralQNe* %elhi Ra=#hani epre)) that r!n)

"et*een M!m"ai an# %elhi in 0n#ia i) a )!per

&a)t epre)) train o& Ra=#hani cla)) "elong) to

0n#ian Rail*ay)1 Ra=#hani Epre)) i) one o&

the 'ery high )pee# train o& 0n#ia *ith themaim!m )pee# o& -2, 5mph1

3# anpur Re*erse ShatabdiThe Ne* %elhi Kanp!r Shata"#i epre)) i)

al)o 5no*n a) Kanp!r Re'er)e Shata"#i i)

another one o& the )!per &a)t train o& 0n#ian

rail net*or51 Kanp!r Re'er)e Shata"#i got it)

name "eca!)e it &ollo*) the re'er)e timeta"leo& L!c5no* Shata"#i1 0t) a'erage )pee# i)

-4,5m;h1

.# Sealdah Dur"nt" E>pressThe Seal#ah Q Ne* %elhi %!ronto Epre)) i)

S!per&a)t epre)) train that r!n) "et*een

Seal#ah an# Ne* %elhi1 %!ronto Epre))

come) !n#er non$)top type o& epre)) train) o&

0n#ian Rail*ay) an# con)i#ere# a) the &a)te)t

an# mo)t time$e&&icient train on the Gran#Chor# ro!te "et*een the)e t*o citie)1 0t)

a'erage )pee# i) -2.5m;h1

hapter 10

6astest trains in the +"rld1# Shanghai Magle*

Shanghai Magle' top) the li)t *ith it) maim!m

operational )pee# o& 42,5m;h an# a'erage )pee# o&

+.-5mph1 The Magle' )tarte# commercial

operation) in April +,,41

(# Harm"ny RH 3=0AHarmony CRH 28,A *ith maim!m

operational )pee# o& 28,5mph i) c!rrently

15 | P a g e

Figure 15 anpur 7everse&hata.di

Figure 1' &ealdah uronto $6press

Figure 1+ &hanghai %aglev


20/22

the )econ# &a)te)t operating train in the

*orl#1

3# AG? !tal"AG< 0talo i) the &ir)t train in the AG< Serie)

*hich entere# into )er'ice in April +,-+1 0t ha)

a maim!m operational )pee# o& 2/,5mph1

Con)i#ere# to "e the mo)t mo#ern train in

E!rope AG< 0talo *a) "!ilt "y Al)tom1 The

train c!rrently r!n) on the Napoli $ Roma $

FirenPe $ Bologna $ Milano corri#or1

.# Siemens ?elar" E 8 A?S 103


21/22

change) *a) the lo*ering "y ., 5m;h (2- mph o& all maim!m )pee#) in China HST

2., 5m;h (+-6 mph "ecoming 2,, +., 5m;h (-.. mph "ecoming +,, an# +,, 5m;h

(-+4 mph "ecoming -/,13# The (013 Santiag" de "mp"stela accident

0n !ly +,-2 a high$)pee# train in Spain attempte# to ro!n# a c!r'e *hich ha# a )pee# limit

o& 8, 5m;h (., mph at -:, 5m;h (-+, mph lea#ing to 68 &atalitie)1 Normally high$)pee#

rail ha) a!tomatic )pee# limiting re)triction) "!t thi) trac5 )ection i) a con'entional )ection

an# in thi) ca)e the a!tomatic )pee# limit *a) )ai# to "e #i)a"le# "y the #ri'er )e'eral

5ilometer) "e&ore the )tation1 A &e* #ay) later the train *or5er@) !nion claime# that the )pee#

limiter #i#n@t *or5 properly "eca!)e o& lac5 o& proper &!n#ing ac5no*le#ging the "!#get

c!t) ma#e "y the c!rrent go'ernment1 T*o #ay) a&ter the acci#ent the #ri'er *a)

pro'i)ionally charge# *ith homici#e "y negligence1 Thi) i) the &ir)t acci#ent that occ!rre#

*ith a Spani)h high$)pee# train "!t it occ!rre# in a )ection that *a) not high )pee#1.# The (01 Ec,+ersheim accident

On -4 No'em"er +,-. a )pecialiPe# TG< E!ro%!ple *a) per&orming commi))ioning te)t)

on the !nopene# )econ# pha)e o& the LG< E)t high$)pee# line *hen it entere# a c!r'eo'ert!rne# an# )tr!c5 the parapet o& a "ri#ge o'er the MarneQRhine Canal1 The rear po*er

car came to a re)t in the canal *hile the remain#er o& the train came to a re)t in the gra))y

me#ian "et*een the northern an# )o!thern trac5)1 Approimately ., people *ere on "oar#

con)i)ting o& SNCF technician) an# reporte#ly )ome !na!thoriPe# g!e)t)1 -- *ere 5ille# an#

26 *ere in=!re#1 The train *a) per&orming te)t) at -, a"o'e the planne# )pee# limit &or the

line an# )ho!l# ha'e )lo*e# &rom 2.+ 5m;h (+-: mph to -6/ 5ilometre) per ho!r (-,: mph

"e&ore entering the c!r'e1 O&&icial) ha'e in#icate# that ece))i'e )pee# may ha'e ca!)e# the

acci#ent1

"nclusi"n

High$)pee# rail commonly 5no*n a) "!llet train) are rail tran)port )y)tem) that are

)igni&icantly &a)ter than tra#itional rail reaching )!)taine# )pee#) o& !p to 2.,5m(aro!n# +,,

mile) per ho!r1 Originally intro#!ce# in apan the)e )y)tem) *here they ei)t are alrea#y

etremely pop!lar1 Ro"!)t HSR net*or5) are alrea#y in place *ithin E!rope an# Ea)t A)ia

mo)t nota"ly in France Germany Spain So!th Korea Tai*an an# China1

The "ene&it) o& HSR are n!mero!)1 Rail )tation) a) oppo)e# to airport) are locate# in citycentre) *hich can ma5e tra'el "et*een citie) !p to a certain #i)tance a*ay m!ch &a)ter

once time to get to the airport )ec!rity an# "oar#ing time are &actore# in1 F!rthermore high$

)pee# train) tra'el &a)ter than a!tomo"ile) an# are not )!"=ect to tra&&ic conge)tion1

The )igning o& the "!llet train agreement "et*een 0n#ia an# apan ha) generate# rancoro!)

#e"ate in the me#ia an# on )ocial me#ia1 The 3!e)tion "eing a)5e# mo)t i)D %oe) 0n#ia nee# a

"!llet train or i) 0n#ia e'en rea#y &or oneU

Some )ceptic) *ho ha'e pro"a"ly #one more home*or5 )ay that the money i) "etter )pent

#e'eloping ei)ting rail*ay in&ra)tr!ct!re1 0t ma5e) more )en)e to impro'e rail*ay trac5) to

1+ | P a g e


22/22

ena"le train) to r!n &a)ter rather than )pen# money on a &e* train) that go 'ery &a)t1 They are

pro"a"ly right1

B!t "!llet train a#'ocate) al)o ha'e 'ali# 'ie*)1 For in)tance the co)t o& a 5ilometre o& "!llet

train trac5 i) le)) than that o& a metro1 Not eactly an orange$to$orange compari)on "!t yo!

)ee the point1 Anything ne* or #aring i) oppo)e# "y )ome lo""y or the other1 O'er the year)

e'erything ha) "een critici)e# &or "eing *a)te&!l epen#it!re1

Re$erence

httpD;;***1'irt!al)cience&air1org;+,,4;le!n4m,;p!"licZhtml;Ho*it*or5)1html

httpD;;)cience1ho*)t!&&*or5)1com;magle'$train+1htm

***1ho*)t!&&*or5)1com;magle'$train1htm

***1giPmohigh*ay1com;tran)port;magle'Ztrain1htm

httpD;;&ac!lty1*a)hington1e#!;=");itran);magle'31htm

***1magnet1&)!1e#!

httpD;;ama)ci1com;magle';train1html

httpD;;***1monorail)1org;tM)page);T7Mag0ntro1html

httpD;;***1magle'+,,,1com;*or5);ho*$,+$"1html

1, | P a g e

Documents

Highspeed Train