High%Energy%Physics:%A%General%Perspec4ve%

S.%F.%Novaes%

Outline%

•  Peculiari4es%and%Similari4es%of%HEP%and%other%Sciences%•  How%big%is%the%“Big%Science”%•  The%Importance%of%Interna4onal%Collabora4on%–  White%House%2002%–  Royal%Society%2011%

•  Assessment%of%the%HEP%–  IUPAP%Working%Group%–  Implementa4on%of%CAPFA%from%CNPq%

•  Dealing%with%Students%and%Technicians%•  Project%prioriza4on%–  DOE%–  RENAFAE%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 2%

Some%Peculiari4es%

•  Complex%and%Sophis4cated%Instrumenta4on%

•  Large%Physical%Dimensions%

•  High%Investment%

•  Large%Time%Scale%

•  Seasonality%in%Scien4fic%Produc4on%

•  Mul4na4onal%character%

•  Large%Number%of%Researchers%

•  Many%Levels%of%Supervision%

•  A%Lot%of%Travel,%Videoconferences%etc.%28/Aug/2013% HEP% 3%

M.%E.%Peskin%(SLAC,%Stanford)%Snowmass(Energy(Fron/er(Workshop((

Sea4le,(Washington,(June(30(–(July(3,(2013(•  Key%elements%remain%the%same%as%in%other%areas%–  Intellectual%leadership%in%fundamental%discoveries%–  Development%of%beyondPthePstatePofPthePart%instrumenta4on%and%

analysis%techniques%–  Training%of%students%and%postdocs%in%advanced%technologies%–  Transfer%of%exper4se%and%people%to%highPtech%industry%

•  How%can%a%large%interna4onal%organiza4on%benefit%all%of%the%na4ons%and%even%locali4es%with%which%it%is%involved%?%–  This%is%not%understood%by%the%press,%by%Congress,%even%by%the%DOE.%–  We%understand%it,%because%we%work%in%these%organiza4ons%or%work%

closely%with%them.%–  We%need%a%language%to%explain%this%to%others.%

!  The%purpose%of%this%lecture%is%an%abempt%to%provide%a%framework%for%this%discussion,%with%useful%language%and%illustra4ve%stories.%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 4%

27%km%Tunnel%100%m%Underground%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 5%

44m%Length,%22m%Diameter%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 6%

14.000%tons%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 7%

4724%persons,%181%ins4tu4ons,%41%countries%

•  Physicists:)1845)•  Doctorals:)908)•  Engineers:)800)•  Other:)1170)•  Total:)4724%)•  Sign:)2225)

•  Scien>sts:)2053)•  Engineers:)30)

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 8%

USA%Sta4s4cs:%Atlas%+%CMS%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 9%

European%Extremely%Large%Telescope%

•  Collabora4on%–  16%Countries%

•  Cost%–  1.5%billion%dollars%

•  Time%scale%–  8%years%

•  Instrumenta4on%–  Segmented%Mirror:%%

!  42%m%de%diameter%

Interna4onal%Thermonuclear%Experimental%Reactor%%

•  Collabora4on%–  34%Countries%

•  Cost%–  21%billion%dollars%

•  Time%scale%–  12%anos%

•  Instrumenta4on%–  Tokamak%

!  23.000%tons%/%19%stores%

It%is%not%just%us…%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 10%

Linking%Effec4vely:%Collabora4on%in%S&T%

•  Learning%Lessons%from%Successful%Collabora4on%in%Science%and%Technology%–  Prepared%by%%

! White%House%Office%of%Science%&%Technology%Policy%(OSTP)%P%April%2002%o  hbp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/documented_briefings/2005/DB345.pdf%

–  Case%studies:%!  Human%Fron4er%Science%Program%!  Human%Genome%Project%!  Intelligent%Manufacturing%Systems%!  Intergovernmental%Panel%on%Climate%Change%

–  Can%these%programs%be%evaluated%and%are%they%worth%the%extra%effort%that%is%required%to%ini4ate%and%sponsor%them?%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 11%

Na4onal%Benefits%(OSTP)%

•  From%a%policy%perspec4ve%the%na4on%gained:%–  Good%will%as%an%important%and%coopera4ve%partner%–  Credibility%for%U.S.%policymakers%and%for%U.S.Pfunded%science%–  Leverage%of%investment%of%U.S.%dollars%–  Ac4on%on%research%that%may%not%have%been%funded%or%conducted%

otherwise%–  Broader%coordinate%of%decisionPmaking%about%science%–  Other%benefits?%Some%become%apparent%over%4me...%

•  From%a%scien4fic%perspec4ve%the%na4on%gained:%–  Access%to%key%data%sources%not%otherwise%available%–  Connec4on%to%top%foreign%scien4fic%talent%and%equipment%–  Access%to%unique%resources,%laboratories%–  Addi4onal%brain%power%–  New%perspec4ves%on%science%–  Greater%standardiza4on%of%the%scien4fic%process%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 12%

HEP%Impact%1%(U.%Amaldi)%

•  Usable%knowledge%–  Prac4cal%applica4ons%of%the%discoveries%made%by%basic%scien4fic%

inves4ga4on%that%can%occur%in%foreseeable%future.%%!  XPray%in%medical%imaging%%!  Nuclear%fission%in%the%produc4on%of%energy%%

•  People%–  Training%provided%to%the%students,%researchers,%and%engineers%%

!  Generate%competence%that%can%be%incorporated%in%other%areas%%o  Learn%to%have%different%approaches%to%new%problems%o  Acquire%experience%in%complex%projects%management%%o  Learn%to%work%in%large%heterogeneous%teams%

!  Based%on%CERN%es4mates%%o  ~%40%%of%the%HEP%Ph.D.%students%find%their%first%job%in%applied%fields.%%

•  Methods%–  Very%sophis4cated%methods%%

!  Monte%Carlo%techniques%%!  Simula4on%of%the%interac4on%of%radia4on%with%maber%

31/08/13% 13%

HEP%Impact%2%(U.%Amaldi)%

•  Technologies%–  Design,%development%and%deployment%of%a%sophis4cated%par4cle%

accelerator%and%par4cle%detectors%%–  Coordinate%and%integrated%work%of%several%areas%of%exper4se%

!  Mechanical,%electrical,%electronic%and%computer%engineering,%earth%sciences%(geode4cs),%material%science,%low%temperature%superconduc4vity%and%cryogenic%technologies,%ultraPhigh%vacuum,%radia4on%detec4on,%high%performance%compu4ng,%and%op4cal%networks.%%

–  HEP%instrumenta4ons%can%easily%be%employed%in%other%technological%sectors.%%!  Magne4c%Resonance%Imaging,%Positron%Emission%Tomography,%Single%Photon%

Emission%Computed%Tomography,%Oncological%radiotherapy%based%on%hadronic%beams%(hadrontherapy).%%

–  Par4cle%accelerators%themselves%are%employed%in%several%other%areas%and%benefit%strongly%from%the%advances%in%HEP%developments.%%!  Synchrotron%radia4on%sources%and%free%electron%lasers%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 14%

Interna4onaliza4on%&%“Big%Science”%The%Royal%Society,%2011%

Knowledge,%networks%and%na4ons:%%Global%scien4fic%collabora4on%in%the%21st%century%

•  Science%is%a%global%ini4a4ve%%

•  It%is%becoming%increasingly%interconnected%•  Big%Science%&%Large%Collabora4ons%leverage%the%%%

interna4onaliza4on%of%scien4fic%ac4vi4es%–  Seeking%excellence%

!  Scien4sts%seek%collabora4on%%with%outstanding%colleagues%in%the%field%

–  Bringing%the%obvious%benefit%of%scale%!  Interna4onal%Space%Sta4on,%LHC%

–  Allowing%to%share%the%burden%of%%research%ac4vity,%breaking%down%complex%tasks%into%manageable%pieces%

–  Increasing%the%impact%of%scien4fic%publica4ons%–  Common%facili4es,%funding,%equipment,%and%networks%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 15%

%%Growth)in)Interna>onal)Collabora>on)Number%of%Collabora4ve%Papers%Published%per%year%%

X%Propor4on%of%Na4onal%Publica4on%Produced%in%Collabora4on%with%other%countries)1996)–)2008)

USA)

Europe)

China)

Brazil)Russia)

Japan)

UK)

DE) FR)

IT)

16%The

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cen

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28/Aug/2013% HEP%

M.%E.%Peskin%–%Snowmass%–%July,%2013%

•  The%global%organiza4on%makes%highPlevel%technology%choices.%%–  This%involves%compe44on%between%solu4ons%proposed%by%

different%groups%in%different%regions.%

•  Local%groups%must%produce%the%devices%or%analyses.%–  This%where%inven4on,%innova4on,%interac4on%with%industry%

takes%place.%%–  This%is%where%students%and%postdocs%make%the%technology%

func4on%in%prac4ce.%

•  “The%highest%technology%resides%at%the%lowest%level.”%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 17%

NYT%5/Mar/13%%

The%CMS%detector%construc4on%%was%a%global%project%%

with%the%largest%contribu4on%%from%Europe,%but%...%%

Assessment%of%the%HEP%

•  Interna4onal%Union%of%Pure%and%Applied%Physics%(IUPAP):%%Commission%on%Par4cles%and%Fields%(C11)%–  2008:%Working%Group%on%HEP%Assessment%–  14%members%from%

!  Alice,%Atlas,%BaBar,%Belle,%CDF,%CMS,%D0,%H1,%LHCb,%MiniBoone,%Zeus%

•  Finding%–  Assessment%based%on:%

!  Lists%of%publica4ons%!  Impact%factors%

are%not%applicable%to%Experimental%High%Energy%Physics%–  Other%factors%should%be%taken%into%account%

•  Charge%of%the%Working%Group%–  Provide%criteria%to%subsidize%the%assessment%of%the%area%–  Compare%them%with%scien4sts%of%other%fields%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 19%

Some%Sugges4ons%(1)%

•  Authorship%–  Clear%rules,%public%and%transparent%informa4on%on%eligibility,%

taking%into%account%contribu4on%to%the%concep4on,%design,%execu4on%and%interpreta4on%of%research%

•  Collabora4on%Webpage%–  Containing%informa4on%about%the%individual%contribu4ons%in%

the%analysis,%opera4on,%calibra4on,%souware,%editorial%boards%•  Relevant%Publica4ons%–  Highlighted%in%CV’s%could%be%an%indicator%of%merit%

•  Technical%Notes%–  Notes%refereed%internal%or%external,%with%few%authors%can%

help%make%individual%contribu4ons%more%visible%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 20%

Some%Sugges4ons%(2)%

•  Public%record%–  Internal%memos,%lectures,%conferences,%posi4ons%and%

responsibili4es%in%the%collabora4on,%contribu4ons%to%the%func4oning%of%the%experiment,%par4cipa4on%in%editorial%boards%etc..%

•  It%might%be%thought%in%–  Levels%of%authorship%–  Viola4ng%the%order%or%alphabe4c%checking%who%else%

contributed.%–  Awards%in%recogni4on%of%the%scien4fic%achievements%of%

scien4sts%(theses,%data%analysis,%development%of%detectors,%opera4on%and%calibra4on%of%the%detector).%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 21%

Novos%Procedimentos%do%CAP%FA%(CNPq)%

•  Criação%ou%liderança%de%grupo%de%pesquisa%•  Implantação%de%infraestrutura%e%captação%de%recursos%•  Comitês%de%coordenação%e%gerenciamento%•  Coordenação%de%grupos%de%trabalho%•  Apresentação%de%trabalho%em%conferência%em%nome%da%colaboração%•  Elaboração%de%Nota%Interna,%Redação%ou%conselho%editorial%de%ar4go%•  Concepção,%construção,%instalação,%manutenção%ou%operação%de:%

–  Hardware%ou%instrumentação%associada%ao%experimento%

–  Estrutura%de%processamento,%armazenamento%e%transferência%de%dados%

–  Souware%do%experimento%

•  Orientação%de%estudantes%diretamente%envolvidos%na%colaboração.%•  Organização%de%eventos%cienzficos%com%temá4ca%relacionada%•  Produção%de%Monte%Carlo%para%uso%comum%da%colaboração%•  Análise%dos%dados%produzidos%pelo%experimento.%%•  Plantões%de%monitoramento,%tomada%de%dados%ou%operação%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 22%

Comparação%com%Outras%Áreas%

•  Bolsistas)de)Produ>vidade)em)Pesquisa)

–  Número%de%Bolsistas%de%Produ4vidade%em%Pesquisa%%(por%Nível%e%Área)%comparados%com%

–  %Total)de)Bolsistas)de)Pesquisa%em%uma%dada%área:%

Número)de)Bolsistas)por)Nível)Total)de)Bolsista)PQ)por)Área)

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 23%

1A#

1B#1C#1D#2#

0.00#

10.00#

20.00#

30.00#

40.00#

50.00#

60.00#

70.00#

80.00#

1A# 1B# 1C# 1D# 2#

Nível%da%Bolsa%e%Áreas%de%Pesquisa%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 24%

%)

Áreas)

5#

10#

15#

20#

25#

30#

35#

40#

45#

50#

55#

60#

1A#1B#

1C#1D#

II#

Partículas*Elementares*e*Campos* Experimental*de*Altas*Energias*

HEP%Experimental%X%Parzculas%e%Campos%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 25%

%)

5#

10#

15#

20#

25#

30#

35#

40#

45#

50#

55#

60#

65#

70#

1A#1B#

1C#1D#

II#

Média* Experimental*de*Altas*Energias*

HEP%Experimental%X%Física%e%Astronomia%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 26%

%)

1200#

1400#

1600#

1800#

2000#

2200#

2400#

0# 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 9# 10# 11# 12# 13# 14# 15#

Clássicas*de*Fenomenologia* Atômica*e*Molecular* Matéria*Condensada* Partículas*Elementares*e*Campos*

Fluidos*e*Plasma* Geral* Nuclear* Experimental*de*Altas*Energias*

Meio*Inter?estelar* Sistema*Solar* Estelar* Extra?galáctica*

Posição*e*Mecânica*Celeste* Instrumentaçao*

Gasto/Bolsa%e%Tamanho%da%Área%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 27%

On%Students%and%Technicians%

•  PostPgraduate%Studies%–  Dura4on%

!  Area%tradi4onally%requires%more%4me:%3P5%years%to%complete%an%analysis%!  Harvard:%5%years%theore4cal%/%experimental%7%years%

–  Training%at%the%Experimental%Facility%!  It%is%absolutely%necessity%to%spend%at%least%2%years%at%the%experiment%

–  Review%the%concept%of%inbreeding%!  Students%have%necessarily%interna4onal%training%!  There%are%few%groups%in%Brazil:%less%mobility%!  Steep%learning%curve:%most%the%content%is%specific%to%the%collabora4on%!  More%return%on%training%investment%!  Increase%the%impact%of%the%Brazilian%par4cipa4on%

•  Technical%(IT,%engineers,%technologists,%etc..)%–  It%is%essen4al%to%have%contact%with%the%rest%of%the%collabora4on%–  Must%obtain%financial%support%for%internships%at%the%experiment(

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 28%

Priori4za4on%is%a%Key%Issue%

•  It%is%very%import%to%establish%priori4es%–  Choose%the%“best”%experiments%–  Concentrate%the%investment%and%manpower%–  Seek%the%larger%impact%%%

•  Rede%Nacional%de%Física%de%Altas%Energias%(RENAFAE)%%–  Can%have%a%major%rule%to%establish%the%priori4es%in%the%area%

•  We%have%a%lot%to%learn%from%USA%%–  Par4cle%Physics%Project%Priori4za4on%Panel%(P5)%%–  Energy%Fron4er%

!  USA%has%a%leading%role%in%LHC%physics%collabora4ons%but%is%not%the%driver%!  The%issue%is%the%scope%and%scale%of%US%involvement.%Requires%USPCERN%

nego4a4on.%%!  Could%also%be%true%for%JapanesePhosted%ILC%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 29%

A.%Patwa%(Program%Manager%HEP%–%DOE)%Snowmass(Energy(Fron/er(Workshop((

Sea4le,(Washington,(June(30(–(July(3,(2013(

•  Goals%for%the%P5%Process%–  Take%the%science%vision%of%the%community%and%turns%it%into%plan%that%is%

feasible%and%executable%over%a%10P20%year%4mescale%–  Must%have%a%planning%and%priori4za4on%process%that%the%community%can%

stand%behind%and%support.%–  The%process%must%repeats%at%more%less%regular%intervals%(5%years?)%%–  Key%elements%envisioned%for%the%P5%process:%

!  Decide%on%the%project%priori4es%within%budget%guidance%!  Propose%the%best%way%to%describe%the%value%of%HEP%research%to%society%!  Build%on%the%investment%in%Snowmass%(discussion)%process%and%outcomes%

•  The%charge%to%P5%will%NOT%include%explicit%examina4on%of%–  Agency%review%processes%–  Roles,%responsibili4es%and%funding%of%Labs%vs.%Universi4es%–  Rela4ve%funding%of%experimental%HEP%vs.%theory%vs.%technology%R&D%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 30%

•  Global%organiza4on%%–  Makes%highPlevel%technology%

choices.%%

•  Local%groups%%–  Must%produce%the%devices%or%

analyses%%!  This%where%inven4on,%

innova4on,%interac4on%with%industry%takes%place.%%

!  This%is%where%students%and%postdocs%make%the%technology%func4on%in%prac4ce.%

Peskin(@(Snowmass(

•  LHC%Collabora4ons%–  Decided%to%process%the%LHC%data%

in%the%new%grid%architecture%

•  SPRACE%–  Deploys%a%TierP2%of%the%global%

infrastructure%(WLCG)%!  The%concept%is%used%to%

implement%the%first%campus%grid%in%La4n%America%

!  New%people%is%trained%in%the%architecture%and%the%best%experts%in%grid%arise.%

Central%Idea:%Contribu4ons%in(kind(

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 31%

Conclusion%(Peskin%@%Snowmass)%

•  Globaliza4on%is%the%new%reality.%It%challenges%our%lives,%but%it%offers%tremendous%opportunity%in%terms%of%pooling%of%resources%and%intellectual%power.%%

•  Global%HEP%collabora4ons%are%organized%around%inPkind%contribu4ons.%Thus,%the%highest%technology%resides%at%the%lowest%level.%%

•  This%insures%that%the%science%supported%in%the%US%develops%technology%in%the%US%and%trains%young%people%locally.%%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 32%

Thank%you%

28/Aug/2013% HEP% 33%