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SCIENCE, VOL. 134

Austin Henschel, of toe Quarter-master Research and Engineering Com-mand, Natick, Mass., has been ap-pointed chief of the physiology sectionin the Public Health Service's Occupa-tional Health Research and TrainingFacility, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Harry G. Romig, senior scientist andstaff member of Operations Research,Inc., has been named corporate directorof quality engineering of Leach Cor-poration, Los Angeles, Calif.

Recent staff appointments in the Uni-versity of Delaware's physics depart-ment:

Ferd E. Williams, of the GeneralElectric Research Laboratory, will be-come professor and chairman of thedepartment. He succeeds Frederick W.Van Namee, Jr., who will continue asprofessor of physics.John W. Preiss, of the National In-

stitutes of Health, will become associateprofessor.

Vincent J. Keenan, of the Institutefor Defense Analyses, Washington,D.C., has been elected president of thePhiladelphia College of Pharmacy andScience. He will serve the unexpiredterm of Ivor Griffith, who died in May.

Recent appointments to the facultyof the Stanford School of Engineeringhave been announced:Thomas Kane, associate professor at

the University of Pennsylvania's TowneSchool of Mechanical and Civil Engi-neering, has been named professor ofengineering mechanics and mechanicalengineering.

Roif Eliassen, acting head of Massa-chusetts Institute of Technology's de-partment of civil and sanitary engi-neering, will become professor of civilengineering, a new position establishedthrough a grant from the U.S. PublicHealth Service.

Gardner Middlebrook, director ofresearch and laboratories at the Nation-al Jewish Hospital, Denver, is in Argen-tina as a research consultant and post-graduate lecturer on bacteriology andimmunology, under the auspices of theFaculty of Medical Sciences, BuenosAires University.

Frederick B. Llewellyn, assistant tothe president of Bell Telephone Labo-ratories, has been appointed researchphysicist at the University of MichiganInstitute of Science and Technology.25 AUGUST 1961

Meredith P. Crawford, director ofGeorge Washington University's Hu-man Resources Research Office, hasreceived the Army's Distinguished Ci-vilian Service medal.

Paul A. Clifford, analytical chemistand consulting editor of the Associa-tion of Official Agricultural Chemists,will receive the association's 1961Harvey W. Wiley award.

L. Jackson Laslett, currently with theOffice of Naval Research in London,has been named head of the U.S. Atom-ic Energy Commission's high-energyphysics program in the AEC's Divisionof Research. He has been on sabbaticalleave from Iowa State University, wherehe was professor of physics and seniorphysicist at the university's Ames Lab-oratory.

J. F. Snell, former head of the radio-biochemical department of CharlesPfizer and Company, Maywood, N.J.,has been appointed professor of agri-cultural biochemistry at Ohio StateUniversity.

J. S. McKenzie Pollock, World HealthOrganization representative to theUnited Nations Relief Works Agency,Beirut, has received a 1-year appoint-ment as associate clinical professor ofinternational health at Harvard.

Roy L. Swank, professor and headof the University of Oregon's neurologydivision, is on sabbatical leave at theBiochemical Institute, University ofCologne.

Arthur E. Duwe, associate professorin the department of zoology, LamarState College of Technology, has beenappointed associate professor of natur-al sciences at Pace College.

Thornton C. Fry, mathematician andformer vice president for research andengineering of the Sperry-Rand Cor-poration, has been named consultant tothe director of the National Center forAtmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo-rado.

Clifford C. Furnas, chancellor of theUniversity of Buffalo and former As-sistant Secretary of Defense, and Fred-erick Seitz, head of the University ofIllinois' physics department, have beennamed chairman and vice-chairman,respectively, of the Defense ScienceBoard.

Chandler McC. Brooks, chairman ofthe physiology department at the StateUniversity of New York DownstateMedical Center, will spend a 1-yearsabbatical leave in Japan as visiting pro-fessor at the medical schools of theuniversities of Tokyo and Kobe.

Ladis D. Kovach, professor and act-ing head of the department of mathe-matics and physics at PepperdineCollege, has received a part-time ap-pointment as visiting professor at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles,in the department of engineering.

Recent Deaths

Stuart J. Bates, 74; emeritus profes-sor of chemistry at California Instituteof Technology; 28 July.

William Blaschak; research histo-chemist in the Veterans AdministrationHospital's research laboratory, Pitts-burgh, Pa.; 29 July.

Robert Dax, 73; physician, and afounder of the American Hospital atNeuilly, France; 8 Aug.H. T. Gussow, 81; Dominion Bota-

nist of Canada for 33 years; associatedirector of science service, Departmentof Agriculture, Ottawa; 15 June.

William A. MacDonald, 65; electron-ics engineer and chairman of the boardof the Hazeltine Corporation, NewYork, N.Y.; 11 Aug.

Agenor Couto de Magalhaes, 66; bi-ologist and chief of the Brazilian gov-ernment's Fish and Wildlife ServiceSection, Directorate of Animal Indus-try, from 1930 until his retirement in1960; 5 July.Simon Rothenberg, 78; psychoanalyst

who studied with Freud; former clinicalprofessor of neurology at Long IslandMedical College and chief of the Brook-lyn Jewish Hospital's neurological clin-ic; 10 Aug.

Harold W. Streeter, 77; sanitary en-gineer and consultant with the U.S.Public Health Service; former directorof the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engi-neering Center; 6 Aug.W. P. Van Wagenen, 64; chief of

neurosurgical service at the Universityof Rochester School of Medicine untilhis retirement in 1953; 6 Aug.

Clifford W. Wells, 76; former physi-cian with the Rockefeller Foundationwho specialized in tuberculosis controlabroad for 20 years; head of the NewHampshire Health Department's divi-sion of communicable diseases until1958; 5 Aug.

547

educational stream and to the pointwhere they have an impact on the edu-cation of the student is sorely needed."Following this statement he lists sevenpossible reasons why recommended cur-riculum changes were ineffective.

Part 2 includes six chapters that re-view the literature of research on biol-ogy teaching. The areas reviewed arebooks on the teaching of secondaryschool biology, objectives of high schoolbiology, criteria for the selection ofcourse content, biology textbooks, learn-ing of biology, and instructional re-sources. One chapter is devoted to un-resolved problems in biological educa-tion and another to problems and issuesin biology teaching.The value of the book is due largely

to part 2, which presents under onecover a vast amount of otherwise scat-tered information. The author's analysisof the ills and problems of secondaryschool biology is particularly good.

C. A. LAWSONDepartment of Natural Science,Michigan State University

Probability

The Algebra of Probable Inference.Richard T. Cox. Johns HopkinsPress, Baltimore, Md., 1961. x +114 pp. $5.

The answer to the common questionas to what probability "really is" isthe demonstration that any quantitymeasuring the chance of an eventand having the properties we wouldexpect must be the probability weknow. These assumed properties maybe the axioms of measure theory but,for the specific case of probability.simpler and more intuitive assumptionscan be used.

In this book, Richard Cox beginsby deriving the elementary laws ofprobability from nothing but theBoolean algebra of logic (which hedevelops convincingly on the spot)and the following two eminently rea-sonable axioms:

1) The probability of an inferenceon given evidence determines theprobability of its contradictory on thesame evidence;

2) The probability on given evi-dence that both of two inferences aretrue is determined by their separateprobabilities, one on the given evi-dence, the other on this evidence with25 AUGUST 1961

the additional assumption that the firstinference is true.Care is taken to make clear what

follows willy-nilly from the axioms andwhat is arbitrary. The author acknowl-edges his indebtedness to Keynes's ATreatise on Probability, and he hassensibly retained some of the good fea-tures ot that work-for example, theinsistence that a proposition can havea probability only in relation to a givenhypothesis.

In the remaining two-thirds of thebook, two other concepts, whose "realmeanin," is often questioned, are alsodeveloped from simple axioms. Theseare the concept of the entropy (in theinformation theory sense) of a systemof propositions and the concept of ex-pectation. The book closes with a five-page explanation of inductive argu-ment, which could be recommendedanywhere as a text for this much mis-understood basis of the scientificmethod.

Throughout the book the proofs,starting as they do from first principles,are unavoidably laborious, and this,combined with the pleasant but dis-cursive style of the text, often makes itdifficult for the reader to keep track ofthe over-all course to be sailed. Theuse of notation which is neither stand-ard nor mnemonically suggestive addsto the difficulty of the reading. Never-theless, the work is there, and the bookmight be read with considerable in-terest, not as a text (for which it wasnot intended) but as outside reading,by any student or professional who isworking in the field of probability,statistics, or information theory andwho would appreciate a different ap-proach to the groundwork of his field.The author neither treats mathematicsas a bag of tricks nor forgets the appli-cations of the subject.

A. J. FABENSDepartment of Mathematics andAstronomy, Dartmouth College

New BooksGeneral

Advances in Documentation and Li-brary Science. vol. 3, part 2, InformationRetrieval and Machine Translation. AllenKent, Ed. Interscience, New York, 1961.698 pp. Illus. $25.

Air Bombardment. The story of its de-velopment. Sir Robert Saundby. Harper,New York, 1961. 271 pp. Plates. $5.American Industrial Research Labora-

tories. Frederick A. White. Public AffairsPress, Washington, D.C., 1961. 239 pp. $6.

Doctors, Patients and Health Insurance.The organization and financing of medicalcare. Herman Miles Somers and AnneRamsay Somers. Brookings Institution,Washington, D.C., 1961. 595 pp. $7.50.

The Philosophical inpact of Contempo-rary Physics. Mili'c Capek. Van Nostrand,Princeton, N.J., 1961. 431 pp. $7.50.

Seeds. The yearbook of agriculture. U.S.Department of Agriculture, Washington,D.C., 1961 (order from Supt. of Docu-ments, GPO, Washington 25). 605 pp.Illus. + plates. $2.

Springtime of the Stars. Georges Beau.Translated from the French by Hector A.Chiselsharpe. Criterion Books, New York,1961. 149 pp. $3.95.

Teaching and Learning in MedicalSchool. George E. Miller, Ed. HarvardUniv. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1961. 317pp. $5.50.

Mathematics, Physical Sciences,and Engineering

Antenna Engineering Handbook. HenryJasik, Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961.1060 pp. Illus. $22.

Basic Concepts in Modern Mathemat-ics. John E. Hafstrom. Addison-Wesley,Reading, Mass., 1961. 205 pp. Illus. $5.75.

Elementary Mathematical Analysis. A.E. Labarre, Jr. Addison-Wesley, Reading,Mass., 1961. 718 pp. Illus. $7.75.

Fuel Element Fabrication. With specialemphasis on cladding materials. Proceed-ings of a symposium held in Vienna, 10-13 May 1960. Academic Press, London,1961. Illus. vol. 1, 549 pp., $14; vol. 2,396 pp., $10.

Geologie Von Bayern. Adolf Wurm.Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 1961. 572pp. Illus. DM. 96.An Introduction to the Analysis of

Spin-Spin Splitting in High-ResolutionNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra.John D. Roberts. Benjamin, New York,1961. 122 pp. Illus. $4.95.

Introduction to Nuclear Engineering.Raymond L. Murray. Prentice-Hall, En-glewood Cliffs, N.J., ed. 2, 1961. 397 pp.Illus. Trade edition, $12; text edition, $9.

Introduction to the Theory and Appli-cations of Dispersion Relations. M. L.Goldberger. Wiley, New York, 1960. 671pp. Illus.

Meteor Science and Engineering. D. W.R. McKinley. McGraw-Hill, New York,1961. 318 pp. Illus. $12.50.

Progress in Very High Pressure Re-search. Proceedings of an internationalconference held 13-14 June 1960. F. P.Bundy, W. R. Hibbard, Jr., and H. M.Strong, Eds. Wiley, New York, 1961. 333pp. Illus. + plates. $12.The Quantum Mechanics of Many-Body

Systems. D. J. Thouless. Academic Press,New York, 1961. 184 pp. Illus. $5.50.

Radioisotope Applications Engineering.Jerome Kohn, Rene D. Zentner, and Her-bert R. Lukens. Van Nostrand, Princeton,N.J., 1961. 576 pp. Illus. $16.50.

Satellite Environment Handbook. Fran-cis S. Johnson, Ed. Stanford Univ. Press,Stanford, Calif., 1961. 167 pp. Illus. $5.50.

Topology. John G. Hocking and GailS. Young. Addison-Wesley, Reading,Mass., 1961. 383 pp. Illus. $8.75.

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Significant BooksSPORES II

edited by H. Orin HalvorsonUniversity of Illinois

This new book is a collection of papers presented at theSecond Allerton Spore Conference held by the University ofIllinois in the fall of 1960. All the papers contain heretounpublished data. Microbiologists concerned with food can-ning, spore research and the physiology of bacterial sporeswill find the book valuable.

Available August; about 300 pages; $5.00

PERSPECTIVESIN VIROLOGY, Volume II

edited by Morris PollardUniversitv of Texas-Medical Branch

This new book presents the papers and discussions given atthe 1960 Gustav Stern Symposium of over 75 internationallyrecognized specialists in many facets of virology. The bookexplains developments in a specialized field to non-specialists.This volume will be of interest and importance to publichealth personnel, students, and investigators in schools ofpublic health, departments of microbiology and researchinstitutes. 1961; 230 pages; $8.00

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MeetingsInternational Andean Year

On the initiative of UNESCO andby invitation of-Angel Establier (headof the organization's Scientific Officein Latin America, located in Monte-video), who was interested in thisproject from its very beginning, a

meeting was held in Buenos Aires on

3 and 4 April 1961 to discuss theplanning of an International AndeanYear, during which an intensive studywould be carried out on the range ofmountains known as the Cordille'ra delos Andes, which extends from Panamato the southern part of the Continent.

Scientists from various interestedcountries participated in the meeting-H. O'Reilly Sternberg (Brazil); Guil-lermo Mann (Chile); Tobias Lasser(Venezuela); Ovidio Suarez (Bolivia);and Eduardo Baglietto, M. Olascoaga,F. Bonorino Udaondo, J. Roederer,Angel Cabrera, M. Sadosky, B. A.Houssay, and V. Deulofeu, all fromArgentina. Unfortunately, A. Hurtado,from Peru, could not attend the meet-ing. Angel Establier representedUNESCO, and his office will be thecenter for the various groups in pre-paring the project., <

After a few words of welcome byM. Sadosky, vice-dean of the facultyof exact and natural sciences, Univer-sity of Buenos Aires,-Venancio Deulo-feu was elected- chairman; Establieracted as advisory secretary. Four ses-

sions were held in all.All present agreed that the project

to institute an International AndeanYear was of great importance, notonly because of its extent and becauseof the scientific results which couldbe obtained but also because of thenumber of scientists involved and theexpected participation by countries out-side South America. It was also feltthat a project of this magnitude wouldhave a favorable impact on the prog-ress of science and the future scientificdevelopment of most of the SouthAmerican countries.

Discussions dealt with the fields inwhich it would be desirable to haveactivities during the InternationalAndean Year. It was tentatively de-cided that it would be possible andconvenient to work in the followingsubject areas: geology; botany; geo-

physics; human biology; zoology;human ecology; geomorphology, includ-ing glaciology; high-altitude physics;

soil sciences; geography; agronomicsciences (in collaboration with theU.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organiza-tion); sociology and ethnography (bothin collaboration with the Social Sci-ences Institutes); archeology; anthro-pology; and economics [in collabora-tion with the Economic Commissionfor Latin America (CEPAL)].

In each of these fields some sub-divisions were outlined, and, as exam-

ples of the type of work which wouldbe involved, some specific projectswere mentioned. For instance, it was

suggested that in studying the geologyof the Andes it would be desirable to

concentrate on the evolution of theAndean range, especially the tectonicand magmatic cycles of the Andeansyncline; on tertiary and quaternaryvulcanism; and on magmatic provincesin the Andes.A larger meeting was planned for

December 1961. This will be held inSantiago de Chile, to consider some

reports to be presented by the scien-tists participating in the meeting inBuenos Aires and to elaborate and de-velop the specific projects in each scien-tific field.

In the meantime, the UNESCO Sci-entific Office in Montevideo will startcompiling a bibliography on researchdone on the Andes and collecting thenames of scientists who have beenactive in that field, or who, because oftheir training, will be able to partici-pate in the activities planned for theInternational Andean Year.

Further information on this projectcan be obtained from Dr. A. Establier,Centro de Cooperaci6n Cientifica dela UNESCO para America Latina,Boulevard Artigas 1320, Montevideo,Uruguay.

V. DEULOFEUParera 77, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Forthcoming Events

September

11-15. Radioecology, symp., Fort Col-lins, Colo. (Miss A. Barker, AmericanInst. of Biological Sciences, 2000 P St.,NW, Washington 6)

11-76. International Union for theScientific Study of Population, 12thcongr., New York, N.Y. (C. V. Kiser,Milbank Memorial Fund, 20 Wall St.,New York 5)

11-16. University of Hong Kong,intern, scientific congr., Hong Kong.

(University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)11-19. International Congr. of Naviga-

tion, 20th, Baltimore, Md. (E. W. Adams,Jr., 22 Light St., Baltimore 2)

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

New, 1961AAAS Symposium Volumes

SCIENCESin Communist China

Editor: Sidney H. Gould. 884 pages.23 illustrations. Author, subject andgeographical index. Cloth. June,1961.Price: $14.00*$12.00 prepaid, for AAAS members

OCEANOGRAPHYEditor: Mary Sears. 665 pages. 146illustrations. Index. Cloth. May,1961.Price: $14.75*$12.50 prepaid, for AAAS members

GERM PLASM RESOURCESEditor: Ralph E. Hodgson. 394pages. 59 illustrations. Index. Cloth.April, 1961.Price: $9.75*$8.50 prepaid, for AAAS members

* If you are not a member of theAAAS, you may join now, and order anyof these volumes at the special memberprice. Enclose $8.50 dues for your firstyear of membership, along with pay-ment for the volumes you want.

Membership in the AAAS offers manybenefits in addition to savings on AAASvolumes. It includes Science and thequarterly AAAS Bulletin.

Order Today From

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1515 Mass. Ave., NW Washington 5, D.C.

11-21. International Cloud PhysicsConf., Canberra and Sydney, Australia.(E. G. Bowen, Commonwealth Scientificand Industrial Research Organization,University Grounds, Sydney)

12-13. International Federation of Sur-gical Colleges and Societies, 4th annualOslo, Norway. (K. Cassels, IFSC Office,Royal College of Surgeons of England,Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.2)

12-15. International PharmaceuticalFederation, 19th general assembly, Athens,Greece. (J. H. M. Winters, Alexander-straat I1, The Hagtue, Netherlands)

12-15. Mass Spectrometry, conf.. Ox-ford, England. (W. J. Brown, Instrumenta-tion Div., A.E.I. (Manchester) Ltd., Traf-ford Park, Manchester 17, England)

13-16. European Congr., of Gerontol-ogy. 3rd, Amsterdam, Netherlands. (A. J.S. DouLma, Haanplein 8, The Hague,Netherlands)

14-17. Chemotherapy, 2nd intern.symp., Naples, Italy. (P. Preziosi, Casellapostale 266. Naples)

14-20. High Energy Physics, intern.,Aix-en-Provence, France. (E. W. D. Steel,European Organization for Nuclear Re-search, Geneva 23. Switzerland)

15-20. World Medical Assoc., 15th gen-eral assembly, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.(L. H. Bauer, 10 Columbus Circle, NewYork 19)

16-20. German Soc. for the History ofMedicine, Physical Science and Technol-ogy, AuLgsberg, Germany. (G. Mann. Sec-retary, Wilhelmplatz 7. Bonn, Germany)

16-2 7. International Scientific FilmAssoc., 15th congr., Rabat, Morocco. (M.Afifi, 85 Ibn Toumert, Rabat)

18-2. World Meteorological Organiza-tion, Commission for Aerology, 3rd ses-sion, Rome, Italy. (WMO, 1 Avenue de laPaix, Geneva. Switzerland)

18-20. Applied Spectroscopy, 8th symp.,Ottawa, Canada. (R. Lauzon. Div. of PureChemistry, National Research Council,Ottawa, Ont.)

18-21. Embryological Conf., 5th intern.,London, England. (L. Brent, Dept. of Zo-ology, University College, London, GroverSt., London, W.C. 1)

18-22. International Congr. of Neuro-radiology, 6th Rome, Italy. (E. Valentino,CIT, Ufficio Congressi, Piazza Colonna193, Rome)

18-23. Speleology, 3rd intern. congr.,Vienna, Austria. (Generalsekretariat des3rd Internationalen Kongresses furSpeliiologie, Obere Donaustr. 99/7/1/3,Vienna 2)

18-25. International Seaweed Symp.,4th, Biarritz, France. (M. Barriety, CentreScientifique, B. P. 28, Biarritz.)

19-2 1. International Mechanical Pulp-ing Conf., 4th, Chicago, Ill. (J. H. Perry,Norton Co., Worcester, Mass.)

19-22. Australian Conf. on Food Tech-nology, Homebush (near Sydney), Aus-tralia. (T. B. Partridge, Australian Scien-tific Liaison Office, 1907 K St., NW, Wash-ington 6)

19-22. International Office of Docu-mentation of Military Medicine, 23rd ses-sion, Athens, Greece. (Intern. Committeeof Military Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho-pital Militaire, 79 rue Saint Laurent,Liege, Belgitum)25 AUGUST 1961

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Now Available-Scandlium-46 at $150 acurie; sulfite-free I-131 at $2 per mc.;technetium (as element or ammoniumpertechnetate) $100 a gram; calcium-47,with less than 5%O Ca-45, $200 per mc.;I-125 in research quantities.

STABLE ISOTOPESMore than 200 stable isotopes availablefrom 50 elements.... Chemical processingand target fabrication services also of-fered. ... Ultra -high isotopic purity in anumber of isotopes.For information or literature, write to:Isotopes Division, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, P. 0. Box X, Oak Ridge,Tennessee.

ISOTOPES

.< 1Xiss.'/

19-29. International Conf. on FishNtutrition, Washington. D.C. (FAO. Intern.Agency Liaison Branch, Office of the Di-rector General. Viale delle Terme diCaracalla. Rome, Italy)

20-21. Industrial Electronics, symp.,Boston, Mass. (W. M. Trenholme, GeneralElectric Co.. West Lynn, Mass.)

21-22. Air Pollution Control Assoc.,annuLal. Louisville, Ky. (R. BouLrne, APCA,Room 2, City Hall, LoLuisville)

21-22. Conference on RadiofrequencySpectroscopy in Solids, Bangor, Wales.(Physical Soc., I owther Gar-dens, PrinceConsort Rd.. London. S.W.7. England)

21 -23. French Medical Congr.. 33rd,Paris. (C. Laroche, 34 ruLe de Bassaino,Paris 8)

24-27. Amer-icatn Inst. of ChemicalEngineers. Lake Placid, N.Y. (E. R.Smoley, 30 School I ane. Scarsdale, N.Y.)

25-29. EuLropean Committee of I iaisonfor Cellulose and 1caper, svnmp.. Oxford,England. (British Palper and Board Makiers'Assoc., Technical Section, St. Winifred's,Welcomes Rd.. Kenley. SUrrey. England)

25-30. Magnetism and Crystallography,intern. conf.. Kvoto. Japan. (Science CouLn-cil of Japan, Ueno Park-, Tokyo)

26-30. EUropean Congr. of AviationMedicine, 6th, Paris, France. (CERMA, 5bis AvenuLe de la Porte de S&vres. Pariis)

27-3. International Union of Theoreticaland Applied Mechanicsi. Kiev. U.S.S.R.(Y. A. Mitropolsky, Scientific Committee,Kalinin pl. 6. Malthemiiatical Inst.. Kiev)

28-29. EUropean Conf. of ChemicalEngineers, TouLloulse, France. (Soc. of In-dustrial Chemistry, 28 ruLe Saint-Domini-quLe, Paris 7. France)

October

1-3. CouLncil for Intern. Orgainizationsof Medical Sciences. Paris, Frcance.(CIOMS, 6 ruLe Franklin, Par-is 16)

1-4. Process Engineers, annuLal. Vienna,AuLstria. (Osterreichischer Intenieur- undArchitektenver-ein, Eschenbachgasse 9. Vi-ennL I )

1-5. Electr-ochemical Soc., Detroit,Mich. (Electrochemiiical Soc., Inc., 1860Broadway, New York 23)

1-7. International Special Committee onRadio Interference, plenary session, Phila-delphia, Pa. (S. D. Hoffman, AmericanStandards Assoc., 10 E. 40 St., New York16)

1-8. International Congr. of InduLstrialChemistry, 33rd. Bordeaux, France. (So-ciete de Chimie InduLstrielle, 28 ruLe Saiint-Dominiqle. Paris 7, France)2-4. CommUnications Symp.. 7th natl.,

Utica, N.Y. (RZ. K. Walker, 34 Bolton R(d.,New Hartford. N.Y.)

2-7. International Astronautical Feder-ation, 2th congr., Washington, D.C.(American Rocket Soc., 500 Fifth Ave.,New York 36)

2-7. Inter-Reg,ional Leprosy Conf.,Istanbul, Turkey. (WHO, Regional Officefor EuIrope and Regional Office for theEastern Mediterranean, 8 Scherfigsvej,Copenhagen 0. Denmark)

2-7. Climatic Change, symp., Rome,Italy. (UNESCO, Place de Fontenoy,Paris 7, Fratnce)

2-l1. International Council for the Ex-plorcation of the Sea, 49th annual, Copen-

570

hagen. Denma K. (C harlottenluLnd Slot.Charlottenltind, Denrmark)

3-5. Physics and NondestruLctive Test-ing. symp., Argonne, Ill. (W. J. McGon-nagle, Argonne Nat]. Laboratory, 9700 S.Cass Ave.. Argonne)

3-8. Aerosol Congr., 3rd intern., Ltu-cerne, Switzerland. (Federation of EuLro-pean Aerosol Assocs.. WaisenhaUstraisse2, Zulrich. Switzerland)

4-10. Latin American Congr. of Elec-troencephalography. 5th, Mexico, D.F.(J. Hernandez Paniche. InstituLto Mexicanode SegLulro Social, Hospital La Raza, Mexi-co. D.F.)

4-10. Latin American Congr. of NeuLro-sUrgery. 9th. Mexico. D.F. (J. H. Mateos,TonalJi No. 5, Mexico 7. D.F.)

6-7. American Medical Writers' Assoc..Nesw York, N.Y. (S. 0 Waife, P.O. Bo~.1 796. Indianapolis 6, Ind.)

6-8. Therapeuitics, 7th intern. congr..Geneva, Switzerland. (P. Rentchnick, CasePostale 229. Genexva 2)

8 10. Zooplankton ProduLCtion. symp.,Copenhagan. Denmark. (I. H. Frazer. Ma-rine Laboratory, P.O. Box 0 1. VictoriaRd.. Aberdeen. Scotland)

8-11. Society of American Foresters.Minneapolis, M1inn. (H. Clepper, SAF, 425Mills Bldg.. Washington 6)

8-/3. Amer-ican Acad. of Ophthalmol-ogy and Otolaryngology, Chicago, Ill. (W.L. Benedict, 15 Second St., SW, Rochester.Minn.)

9-11. National Electronics Conferenceand Exhibition. 17th annual. Chicago, 111.(NEC. 228 N. La Salle St., Chicago, 1)

9-12. Instrulment Symp. and ResearchEqulipment Exhibit, 11th annuLal, Bethesda.Md. (J. B. Davis. Nat]. Instittutes ofHealth. Bethesda 14)

9-/2. Water Pollution Control Feder-ation. 34th annuLal, MilwauLkee, Wis. (R. E.FuLhrmnan. 443 5 Wisconsin Ave., NW.Washin-ton 1 6)

9-13. American Rocket Soc., space flightmeeting. New York. N.Y. (ARS, 500 FifthAve., New Yorlk 36)

9-13. LuLminescence of Inorganic andOrganic Systems, intern. conf., New York.N.Y. (Miss G. M. Spr-uch, New YorkUniv., Washington Sq., New Yorki 3)

10-12. Ntuclear Reactor Chemistry, 2ndconf., and Analytical Chemistry in Nul-cleair Reactor Technology. 5th conf.. Gat-linbUrg, Tenn. (Oak Ridge Nat]. Labora-tory. P.O. Box X. Oak Ridge. Tenn.)

10-20. Inteinational Committee for Bi-ological Control. TuLnis. [P. Grison. Labo-ratoire de BiocenotiquLe et de Ltitte Bio-logique, La Miniere, par VersaIilles(S.-et.-0.). Fr.ance]

] 1-13. GasCouLs Electronics Conf..American Physical Soc., Schenectady. N.Y.(C. J. Gallagher, General Electric Re-sear-ch Laboratories, Schenectady, N.Y.)

11 -14. Tau Beta Pi Assoc.. Cincinnati.Ohio. (R. H. Nagel, Univ. of Tennessee.Knoxville)

11-14. Western Inst. on Epilepsy, I 3thannuLal conf., San Antonio, Tex. (F. Risch.3097 Manning Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.)

12-13. Congress of NeUrological StLir-geons, New York, N.Y. (E. Weiford, 4706Broadway, Kansas City 12. Mo.)

12-29. Pacific Intern. Trade Fair. 2nd.technical meetings, Lima, PeruL. (PITF.P.O. Box 4900, Lima)(See ixs-ue of 18 A ulgist fr comiprelensuive list)

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

New ProductsThe information reported here is obtained from

mnanufacturers and from other sources consideredto be reliable. Neither Science nor the writer as-sumes responsibility for the accuracy of the in-formation. All inquiries concerning items listedshould be addressed to the manufacturer. In-clude the department number in your inquiry.

Temperature programmer, for gaschromatographs, operates by followinga curve traced on a transparent plasticsheet with india ink or a strip of blacktape. The program sheet is placed on arotating drum. The slope of the curvedetermines the rate of rise; a zero po-tentiometer determines the starting temn-perature; a span potentiometer deter-mines the heat rise. Rate of increase oftemperature may be as high as 30° to60°C per minute. A single program mayinclude step functions and curvilinearrates of rise interrupted by intervals ofisothermal operation while closelyspaced peaks are being eluted. (Beck-man Instruments Inc., Dept. Sci325,2500 Fullerton Rd., Fullerton, Calif.)

Inductance and capacitance meter isa direct-reading instrument that coversthe L and C ranges from 0 to 300 luhand 0 to 300 pf, respectively. The totalrange is covered in five steps; the small-est full-scale range is 0 to 3. Accuracyof +3 percent is said to be maintainedwith resistance loads of 20 kohm (shunt)and 10 ohms (series) on inductancemeasurements and 0.1 megohm (shunt)on capacitance measurements. A guardvoltage sufficient to drive to 200 pfeliminates effects of stray capacitances.(Solartron Laboratory Instruments Ltd.,Dept. Sci3 19, Cox Lane, Chessington,Surrey, England)

Frequency meter is direct readingover the range 3 cy to 1.65 Mcy/secwith accuracy said to be ±0.1 percent.Input sensitivity is 20 mv, and discrim-inator residual noise is 100 db belowfull scale. A d-c output for operating arecorder is provided. (General RadioCo., Dept. Sci305, West Concord,Mass.)

Photo-recording paper is designed tobe developed by heat. According to themanufacturer, a visible image formswith as little as 1.5-sec development.Development chemicals are incorpor-ated in the silver photographic emul-sion. Enough water is contained in theemulsion and paper support to activatethe chemicals. The paper is fast enoughfor exposure in high-speed oscillographrecorders with high-intensity mercury

25 AUGUST 1961

Delmar introduces

MITE-O-WAREGREASE FREE

MICRO-GLASS LAB WARE

* New unique joints are leakproofO-Rings made of VitonEliminates contamination

* Fast easy assembly. . . no joints to grease

* Viton O-Rings hold pressures as low as 10-6, for temperaturesfrom -40° F to +500° F.

* New design for O-Ring needle valve stop cocks

See the new Mite-O-Ware laboratory ware andDelmar's Portable High Vacuum glass ware atthe Chem Show September 5 thru 8th, Booth312, at the International Amphitheatre, Chicago.

nli, it, /n | Write for new Mite-O-WareI/1J4,IIIIIIA.

catalog S61 M on Micro-l" EGlass lab ware and Catalog

SCIENTIFIC LABORATORIES S60D for High Vacuum DELMAIv¶7 317 MADISON ST., MAYWOOD, ILL. glass ware equipment.

A SUBSIDIARY OF COLEMAN INSTRUMENTS, INC.571

PIS ULCTOHOEFor Research * Clinic * Classroom

TRIAL KITS AVAILABLE FOR JULY SHIPMENTRevolutionary breakthrough in protein separation, using new, speciallyprocessed polyacrylamide gel. Routinely separates 20-30 proteins inhuman serum. 100 times more sensitive than starch gel.

Reproducible * Fast * Easy to UseThoroughly proven in blood serum, plasma, plant and animal tissue(protein and enzymes) body fluids and egg white. Try this remarkablenew technique now on your own samples.

TRIAL KIT:complete set of chemicals for 100 experiments, equip-ment, accessories, without power supply. .............................-

(Optional DC power-supply (20ma at 150V).. $18.f.o.b. Bethesda, Md.

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CANAL INDUSTRIAL CORP.Dept. E8, 4935 Cordell Avenue

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lamps. For permanence longer than sev-eral months, the prints may be stab-ilized or fixed by conventional meth-ods. (Eastman Kodak Co., Dept. Sci-304, 343 State St., Rochester 4, N.Y.)

Perforated-tape reader (Fig. 1), forautomatic programming with eight-level standard perforated tape, reads 80bits of information at six tests persecond and will locate a test program ata rate of 12 in./sec. The tape is ad-vanced one frame at a time on a switch-closure command signal. A verifierpanel shows a full frame hole patternon the front of the unit. A resettableframe counter is provided. (ElectronicEngineering Co. Dept. Sci290, 1601 E.Chestnut Ave., Santa Ana, Calif.)

Strain-measuring bolt consists of an

electric strain gage bonded and sealedin a small hole along the longitudinalneutral axis of the bolt. It is designedto indicate continuously tensile stressor load induced by tightening or other-wise loading or unloading the bolt. Ac-cording to the manufacturer, no reduc-tion in allowable bolt load is imposedby either the drilled hole or the gage

Fig. 1. Perforated-tape reader.

installation, but a minimum grip lengthis required for proper performance.Electrical specifications include: re-

sistance, 240 +0.4 ohms; gage factor,2.00 +0.01; maximum excitation, 30ma and 7 volts, a-c or d-c; output sen-sitivity, 0.5 ,uv/volt per 10' in. Accu-racy is said to be within +1 percent ofallowable bolt load. (Strainsert Co., Di-vision of Plyphase Instrument Co.,Dept. Sci307, E. 4 St., Bridgeport, Pa.)

Synchro standard is electrically equiv-alent to an accurate ideal synchrotransmitter. The standards are con-

nected in the circuit exactly as are

synchro transmitters.selected by a single

Output angle isdetented control

knob; all models may be specified in5-, 10-, or 15-deg increments. Typicaloutput impedance unbalance is 0.01 +0.001 ohm. Accuracy is 2 sec of arc.

Frequency ranges are 45 to 120, 200 to800, and 200 to 1200 cy/sec. (Astro-systems, Inc., Dept. Sci294, 220 E. 23St., New York 10)

Digital voltmeter features capabilityof averaging applied voltage over a

definite selected sample period. Range,sample period, and sample rate can 'beprogramed externally by contact clo-sures. Binary-coded decimal output isprovided to drive recording and con-

trol equipment.Five voltage ranges extend from 0.1

to 1000 v full scale. Stability is said tobe better than ±0.01 percent per dayon ranges of 1 volt or higher, and ac-

curacy ±0.05 percent. The instrumentoperates by converting voltage to fre-quency and then counting the fre-quency. The counter section can bhused separately. (Hewlett-Packard Co.,Dept. Sci301, 295 Page Mill Rd., PaloAlto, Calif.)

JOSHUA STERNNational Bureau of Standards

a.

VIROLOGISTS--BIOCHEMISTS

Openings in Terre Haute, Indiana; Groton, Connecti-cut; and Maywood, New Jersey. At least three yearspost-graduate experience required.

NEEDED:

1. M.D. or Ph.D. with knowledge of clinical or lab-oratory virology. Experience in tissue culture andimmunology essential. Will conduct research ingeneral fields of virus propagation and synthesis,viral attenuation, development of serologic meth-ods, and cell cultivation.

2. M.D. or Ph.D. fully qualified to conduct researchon virus purification and characterization, synthe-sis of viral nucleic acids, analytical biophysicalmethodology and related subjects. Sound workingknowledge of nucleoprotein chemistry essential.

3. Ph.D. or M.D. to work on mode of action of anti-viral compounds and antimetabolites. Good back-ground in nucleic acid or pyramidine chemistry as

well as familiarity with quantitative viral tech-niques essential.

4. Ph.D. with sound classical training in virology towork in cancer research program.

Address resumes (salary requirements included) to:

W. H. Harrington235 E. 42 St., New York 17, N.Y.

572

Calcification in Biological SystemsAAAS Symposium Volume No. 64

Edited by R. F. Sognnaes July 1960526 pp., 283 illus., $9.75,

AAAS members' cash orders, $8.50This monograph deals comprehensively with the mech.

anism of mineral deposition throughout the animal king.dom. Current research approaches, findings and hypoth.eses are presented by investigators representing dis.ciplines ranging from physical chemistry and histochemis-try to electron microscopy and tissue culture. The cen-tral theme revolves about the question, "Why do certainnormal and pathological tissues calcify?"The 22 chapters are organized in an evolutionary

sequence; (1) calcification within unicellular organismsand various lower animals, that is, the shells of themollusc, the gastrolith and exoskeleton of the lobster,the mineralizing leg tendon of the turkey and the otolithicorgan of the rat; (2) elements and mechanisms involvedin the calcification of cartilage, bone, dentin, enamel andvarious pathological concretions; (3) experimental obser-vations in organ transplants and in tissue culture; andculminating with (4) the physical and chemical nature ofand relationship between the ultimate inorganic andorganic building blocks most typical of normal calcifi-cation in the human organism.

English Agents: Bailey Bros. & Swinfen, Ltd.West Central StreetLondon W.C.1, England

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENTOF SCIENCE

1515 Massachusetts Avenue, NWWashington 5, D.C.

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

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IW.