Foro Energy, Inc. – Littleton, CO & Houston, TX | Principal Investigator: Dr. Joel Moxley, Founder, joel.moxley@foroenergy.com | Project Start and End Date: September 2013 – March 2016

High Power Laser Tool & System

for Unique Geothermal Well Completions

Design, build, and field test a high power laser tool and system

Phase I Front End Engineering Design

Phase II Build & Surface Test, Prelim Downhole Tests

Phase III Field Test (Pending “Go”)

Jul / Sep 2013 (~9 mo)

Deliverable: Front End

Engineering Design

with supporting lab tests

and laser hardware

builds / tests

2014-2015 (~15 mo)

Deliverable: Laboratory

surface test of tool and

system & detailed field

test plan, prelim

downhole tests

2015-2016 (~6 mo)

Deliverable: Successful

unique geothermal

completion operation at

predetermined

geometries and depth

Project Phases & Timeline

Technical Barriers & Targets

Target to perform oriented

slot operation in 7” casing

with Initial proof of concept

stage operating parameters:

- 6,000 ft

- 3,000 psi

- 150C

Technical Accomplishments

World first design of a high power laser cutting

tool for well completion applications

World first tests of high power laser downhole

World first 12,000 ft packaged high power fiber

cable: fiber optic, break detection, 3-wall stainless

World first installation of packaged high power

fiber cable & conductor into 2,000 ft coiled tubing

World first high power laser hardware (optics

package & fiber connector) tested to >5,000 psi

Achieving target requires “world first” developments:

- > 500 ft downhole environment

- Circumferential cut with penetration

- Right angle operation at <10” tool diameter

- Optics package designed for high pressure

- Deeper depths / umbilicals

- High pressure downhole environments

- Mobile splicing

- Downhole high power laser downhole connector

- Onshore workover-style supporting surface spread

Conclusions & Lookahead

Prelim success on interim technical milestones but

true value will not be apparent until field testing data

Foro Energy has moved aggressively to conduct

earlier and more frequent field testing to maximize the

probability of a successful unique geothermal

completion operation in a dedicated test well

- Enables 10x+ control to orient and engineer wellbore-formation connectivity in near wellbore region where

wellbore stress, regional in-situ stress, perforations / other geometries, choice of fluid properties, fluid

rates, the pumping schedule and other design properties, strongly influence heat extraction potential

Nitrogen Pump Unit Laser

Control / Data Cabin

Chiller

Portable Generator

Optical Slip

Ring

Downhole

Connector

Optical

Assembly

Surface Equipment Conveyance Foro Surface Package Downhole Tool &

Anchor

Fiber + Coiled

Tubing

Coiled Tubing

Unit

Mobile Crane

Electrical Slip

Ring / Rotating

Pressure Joint

Anchor /

Centralizer

Proof of Concept System Overview

Coiled

Tubing

Connector

Fiber

Splice

Sub

Tool

Collar

Locator

Top

Pressure

Housing

Bottom

Pressure

Housing

Centralizer

Rotating Head

Bottom

Seal Ring

Filters

Electrical

Connector

Electronics

High Power

Fiber Cable

High Power

Fiber Connector

High Power

Optics Package

Beam

Tube &

Motor

Prism &

Nozzle

Proof of Concept Tool Overview

Challenge: Preliminary Field Tests

Challenge: High Power Fiber Cable

Challenge: High Power Connector

Challenge: Windows & Seals

Challenge: Nozzle Flow Path

Executing on significant lessons learned in improving

conveyance reliability, debris management,

operational procedures & ruggedizing surface system

Dedicated test well created through re-entry of

plugged and abandoned well near Galveston, TX to

allow rapid iteration & downhole / conveyance tests

Packaging of fiber optic in cable, installation of cable

in conveyance structure, and mechanical stresses

caused by hanging weight and tool operation

Incorporating updated hardware versions into the tool

design while using packaged fiber cable to deliver not

only fiber but also telemetry and power for motor

Achieving reliable, consistent materials and glass-to-

meal hermetic seals that meet mechanical

requirements to 3,000 psi and beyond

y = -5E-05x - 4E-05

-0.100-0.080-0.060-0.040-0.0200.0000.0200.0400.0600.0800.1000.120

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Leak

ed

Pre

ssu

re (

psi

)

Time (hrs)

Window Sealing Leak Test (5000 psi)

Achieving proper flow around High Power Optics

Package, Prism Assembly, and Nozzle as supported

by computational fluid dynamics

Successful proof of concept R&D for transitioning to

water-based jet and nozzle

Current Design New Design