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High Performance Workshop/Charrette
Energy Session 5
Goals
Engineer whole-building systems that effectively integrate passive solar and efficiency strategies to optimize energy consumption such that minimal renewable energy sources can exceed remaining needs.
BenefitsProvide Enhanced ComfortEnergy efficiency and
effectiveness ... reduces operating costs frequently enhances productivity may be healthier reduces environmental pollutants
Use of renewables ... reduces pollutants reduces depletion of finite resources
What is “Cost-Effective”?
Is economicalIs economicalProvides operational reliability and power Provides operational reliability and power
stabilitystabilityGives higher user satisfaction and lower HR Gives higher user satisfaction and lower HR
costscostsReduces environmental impactReduces environmental impactIntegrates the energy efficiency and Integrates the energy efficiency and
architecturearchitecture
Key Principles
Develop appropriate building siting, orientation, size
Use appropriate building envelope strategies Use energy efficient lighting, appliances,
equipment Optimize mechanical systems Use renewable/alternative systems Integrate all decisions Use an iterative design integration process Educate building users/facility managers Monitor energy performance
Building Siting, Orientation, Size
Integrate landscaping into energy strategies
Orient building to optimize solar and wind
Build smallest building that will meet needs
Use Appropriate Building Envelope Strategies
Glazing/windows, placement and size
InsulationRoofing designSun control/shading devicesEffective daylighting
through building geometry, glazing strategies, daylight control, and surfaces
Glazing Considerations
ClimateApplicationOrientationTechnology
Heat TransferSolar Heat
GainsDaylight
TransmittanceVisual
ReflectivityUV
Transmittance
Insulation for the Walls and Roof
Structural Insulated Panel
Use Energy Efficient Lighting and Appliances, Equipment
Occupancy sensors and energy efficient lighting controls
Efficient luminairesEfficient appliancesEfficient pumps and
motorsDaylighting
Daylit Buildings
Enhanced Visual Quality
Connection to Nature
Reduced Energy Cost
Reduced HVACEnvironmental
Impact
Daylight Design Considerations
Sources Windows Overhead
Form Givers Daylight
Control Form Glazing Surfaces
Electric Light
Savings From Daylighting
Energy Reduction: kBtu/sq
ft/year Pollution
Avoided: tons/
yearMoney
Saved: $k/year
Pollution Avoided
7200
7300
7400
7500
7600
7700
Best Practice
Tons
/20 y
ears
CO2 SO2 NOX
Optimize Mechanical Systems
“Right size” HVAC systemsConsider part-load
performanceShift or shave electric
loads during peak demand periods
Plan for expansion, but don’t size for it
Commission the HVAC system
Establish an O&M program
Use Renewable/Natural Systems
Passive solar heatingActive solar water
heatingBuilding integrated
photovoltaicsNatural ventilationEvaporative coolingBuilding mass for
naturalheating and cooling
Integrate Decisions
Consider synergistic effects of decisions increase efficiency/reduce
energy demand consider renewables and
alternative sources select HVAC systems
Use an iterative process that revisits previous decisions
Educate Building Users and Facility Managers
Place signs to encourage efficient energy use
Place educational exhibits on energy efficiency in public areas
Conduct workshops for families and employees on energy use and efficiency
Monitor and Benchmark Energy Performance
Install individual facility metersDocument energy savings
NREL Solar Energy Research NREL Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF)Facility (SERF)
Lighting8.9%
Cooling17.5%
Hot Water
HVAC25.2%
Heating48.1%
Cooling2.2%
Savings44.6%
Hot Water0.1%
Lighting3.0%
Heating29.6%
HVAC20.5%
SERF: 45% Energy Cost Savings
10CFR435 Code Building ($405,000/year)
SERF Actual Calibrated ($224,300/year)* excludes plug loads* excludes plug loads
SERF Energy Features
Direct/indirect evaporative cooling Heat recovery Trombe wall for Shipping and Receiving Variable frequency and high-efficiency motors Daylighting in offices T-8 lighting on motion/
daylight controls Highly reflective
surfaces
LEEDTM Energy & Atmosphere Total Available Credits: 17 (P) Fundamental Building Systems
Commissioning (P) Minimum Energy Performance (P) CFC Reduction in HVAC & R
Equipment
Optimize Energy Performance
New Existing PointsBldgs Bldgs
20% 10% 2
30% 20% 4
40% 30% 6
50% 40% 8
60% 50% 10
LEEDTM Energy & AtmosphereLEEDTM Energy & Atmosphere
2-10
LEEDTM Energy & Atmosphere
Renewable Energy
5% (1)10% (2)20% (3)
Best Practice CommissioningElimination of HCFC’s and
HalonsMeasurement and Verification Green Power
1-3
1
1
1
1