High Intensity Ultrasonic Generator

8/12/2019 High Intensity Ultrasonic Generator

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[ 1 1 ] P a t e n t Number:[ 4 5 ] Date o f P a t e n t :

4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5J a n . 2 1 , 1 9 8 6

[ 5 4 ] HIGH INTENSITY ULTRASONICGENERATOR[ 7 5 ] I n v e n t o r : S t a n l e y W e i n b e r g , L o s A n g e l e s ,

C a l i f .[ 7 3 ] A s s i g n e e : W e i n P r o d u c t s , I n c . , L o s A n g e l e s ,C a l i f .[ 2 1 ] A p p ] . N o . : 3 4 0 , 5 9 8[ 2 2 ] F i l e d : J a n . 1 9 , 1 9 8 2[ 5 1 ] I n t . C l . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H04B / 0 2 ; G08B 3/10[ 5 2 ] US. C l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 7 / 1 3 9 ; 1 1 6 / 2 2 A;3 4 0 / 3 8 4 E[ 5 8 ] F i e l d o f Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367/ 3 9 , 9 1 0 ;3 4 0 / 3 8 4 E ; 1 8 1 / 1 5 9 ; 1 1 6 / 2 2 A ; 4 3 / 1 2 4 ;3 3 0 / 2 6 4 , 2 7 7[ 5 6 ] R e f e r e n c e s C i t e d

U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS3,683,113 8/1972 S tew a r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 67/ 1394 , 2 9 7 , 5 3 8 1 0 / 1 9 8 1 Massa 1 8 1 / 1 5 94,338,593 7/1982 M ill s . . . . . . 367/1394,392,215 7/1983 Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 67/ 139

OTHER PUBLICATIONSM a r k u s , J o h n ; G u i d e b o o k o f E l e c t r o n i c C i r c u i t s ; 1 9 7 4 ;p p . 6 6 1 - 6 7 3 .An U l t r a s o n i c UCS by E . Kent and S . P . G r o s s m a n ,P h y s i o l o g i c a l B e h a v i o r 3 ( 2 ) , p p . 3 6 1 - 3 6 2 ( 1 9 6 8 ) .Some E x a m p l e s o f U l t r a s o n i c F r e q u e n c y S e n s i t i v e

a n d F r e q u e n c y I n s e n s i t i v e B i o l o g i c a l R e a c t i o n s b y R .G. B u s n e l .P r i m a r y Examiner Theodore M. BlumA s s i s t a n t Examiner-Gregory C . I s s i n gA t t o r n e y , A g e n t , o r F i r m - P r i c e , G e s s b e l l[ 5 7 ] ABSTRACTA i g h i n t e n s i t y u l t r a s o n i c s o u n d g e n e r a t o r f o r p r o d u ci n g b u r s t s o f u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y and a met hod o f c o n t r o l l i n g v e r m i n a n d p e s t s b y p r o j e c t i n g s u c h b u r s t s i n t oa space from whi c h such vermin and p e s t s a r e d e s i r e d t ob e e r a d i c a t e d . The a p p a r a t u s h a s a t r a n s f o r m e r l e s spower s u p p l y employing a v o l t a g e d i v i d e r w i t h a lowl e a k a g e i n p u t c a p a c i t or a n d a n o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r h a v i n ga s i g n i ? c a n t l y l a r g e r c a p a c i t a n c e t h a n t h a t o f t h e i n p u tc a p a c i t o r , a n d w h e r e i n t h e l o a d i s v o l t a g e d e p e n d e n t s ot h a t t h e g r e a t e r t h e c h a r g e on t h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r , t h eg r e a t e r t h e l o a d a n d , t h e r e f o r e , t h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r i sp r e v e n t e d f r o m e x c e s s i v e l y c h a r g i n g . U l t r a s o u n d f r equency i s g e n e r a t e d by two a s t a b l e m u l t i v i b r a t o r s oneo f which d u t y c y c l e s t h e o t h e r a n d means a r e p r o v i d e dt o v a r y t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h i n e a c h b u r s t and t h e b u r s ti n t e r v a l . Means a r e p r o v i d e d , i n c l u d i n g p a r a l l e l LCnetwork with t h e t r a n s d u c e r , whi c h may e s e t t o r e s on a n c e , i n o r d e r t o reduce unwanted a u d i o , and a l s oi n c l u d i n g means f o r r o u n d i n g t h e e n v e l o p e o f t h e b u r s t so f u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y . The s p e a k e r i n c l u d e s a f r e e? o a t i n g c o n e , with no o t h e r mechanical c o n n e c t i o nt h a n i t s m e c h a n i c a l c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e t r a n s d u c e r .

1 3 C l a i m s , 7 D r a w i n g F i g u r e s


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US. P a t e n t J a n . 2 1 , l 9 8 6 S h e e t 2 o f 3 4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5

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4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 51HIGH INTENSITY ULTRASONIC GENERATOR

FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o t h e ? e l d o f h i g h

i n t e n s i t y u l t r a s o n i c g e n e r a t o r s , a n d a l s o t o t h e u s e o fs u c h g e n e r a t o r s f o r t h e c o n t r o l o f vermin a n d p e s t s .BACKGROUND NDSUMM RY OF THE

INVENTIONI t i s kn own i n t h e a r t of vermin and p e s t c o n t r o l t h a t

such vermin o r p e s t s a s r o d e n t s , cockroaches and i ns e c t s , e . g . , mosquitos and ? i e s a r e very s e n s i t i v e t o u lt r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n s . Such u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n o f s u f ?c i e n t i n t e n s i t y and d u r a t i o n can a f f e c t t h e nervous s y stem o f s u c h vermin and p e s t s and e v e n t u a l l y c a u s e d i sa b l i n g or mortal e f f e c t s . As a consequence, when exp o s e d t o s u c h u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n s t h e s e v e r m i n andp e s t s e i t h e r a t t e m p t t o a v o i d them o r s u f f e r t h e o t h e rc o n s e q u e n c e s .

I n t h e p r e s e n t a r t o f u l t r a s o n i c g e n e r a t o r s , p a r t i c ul a r l y o f t h e k i n d u s e d f o r p e s t c o n t r o l , a t r a n s f o r m e rw i t h a r e c t i ? e d o u t p u t i s u s e d t o p r o v i d e a DC o l t a g et o a 5 5 5 i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t o f t h e k i n d manufactured byRCA arranged a s an a s t a b l e g e n e r a t o r . Th e output onp i n 3 o f s u c h a n i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t i s employed t o d r i v ea p i e z o e l e c t r i c t r a n s d u c e r connected mechanically t o as p e a k e r t o p r o d u c e u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n s . Such a p i e z oe l e c t r i c t r a n s d u c e r and s p e a k e r cone m a y be o f t h e t y p em a d e b y Motorola a s a model KSN 1038A or KSN1041A.B y c o n n e c t i n g p i n 5 o f t h e 5 5 5 i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t t ot h e low v o l t a g e s i d e o f t h e t r a n s f o r m e r , t h e p r i o r a r tc i r c u i t r e s u l t s i n a swee p of t h e output square wavefrequency over a n a r r o w range.

Vermin and p e s t s o f t h e t y p e n o t e d above a p p e a r t ob e s u s c e p t i b l e t o s w e e p i n g o f t h e u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y ,a n d t h e g r e a t e r t h e sweep t h e g r e a t e r t h e d e t r i m e n t a le f f e c t o f t h e u l t r a so n i c f r e q u e n c y s o n i c s on t h e p e s t . I na d d i t i o n , s w e e p i n g t h e f r e q u e n c y r a n d o m l y p r e v e n t st h e p e s t s from becoming a c c l i m a t e d t o t h e u l t r a s o n i cf r e q u e n c y , which would d e t r a c t f r o m i t s p e s t c o n t r o le f f e c t i v e n e s s . F u r t h e r , p u l s e d b u r s t s o f u l t r a s o n i c f r equency a p p e a r t o b e very e f f e c t i v e f o r p e s t c o n t r o l .The p r i o r a r t d e v i c e s which employ a t r a n s f o r m e r i nt h e power s u p p l y r e q u i r e t h e b u l k , w e i g h t a n d e x p e n s eo f a t r a n s f o r m e r . I n a d d i t i o n , when c o n s i d e r i n g a u n it a r y d e s i g n f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s and E u r o p e , t h i s c a nn o t be e f f e c t e d w i t h a s i n g l e t r a n s f o r m e r because o f t h ed i f f e r e n c e i n AC o l t a g e b e t w e e n , r e s p e c t i v e l y , 1 1 0VAC nd 2 2 0 VAC n d d i f f e r e n t f r e q u e n c i e s o f f r o m ,e . g . , 25 Hz t o 60 Hz. F u r t h e r , a transformer c r e a t e s ag r e a t p r o b l e m i n h e a t g e n e r a t i o n d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n ,which can c r e a t e a danger w h e n t h e u l t r a s o n i c apparat u s i s u s e d f o r p e s t c o n t r o l and p l a c e d i n remote andunairconditioned s p a c e s , e . g . , an a t t i c .An a d d i t i o n a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s t h a t t h e u l t r a s o n i c

d e v i c e s o f t h e p r i o r a r t a r e o u t p u t l i m i t e d t o about 1 2 5db which i n h i b i t s somewhat t h e i r e f f e c t i v e n e s s . Thep i e z o e l e c t r i c t r a n s d u c e r i s a l s o d r i v e n c o n t i n u o u s l y ,c r e a t i n g f u r t h e r h e a t g e n e r a ti o n p r o b l e m s .

There i s a l s o a need f o r a s m a l l , l i g h t - w e i g h t s p e a k e r( t r a n s d u c e r ) which i s e f ? c i e n t t t h e u l t r a s o n i c , a s opposed t o au d i o , r a n g e s , which i s e a s y t o manufacturea n d i n e x p e n s i v e i n c o s t .I t h a s a l s o been a problem w i t h p r i o r a r t u l t r a s o n i cv i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r s o f t h e k i n d u s e d f o r p e s t c o n t r o l

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2t h a t t h e y t e n d t o e m i t s o m e sound i n t h e a u d i o r a n g e .This c a n be very d i s t r a c t i n g i n h a b i t a t and work a r e a s .The p r o b l e m s e n u m e r a t e d i n t h e f o r e g o i n g a r e n o tintended t o be e x h a u s t i v e , b u t r a t h e r a r e among manywhich t e n d t o i m p a i r t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s and u s e f u l n e s s o fknown u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r s , and t h e i r u s e f o rv e r m i n a n d p e s t c o n t r o l . O t h e r n o t e w o r t h y p r o b l e m sm a y a l s o e x i s t ; h o w e v e r , t h o s e p r e s e n t e d a b o v e s h o u l dbe s u f ? c i e n t t o demonstrate t h a t p r i o r a r t u l t r a s o n i cv i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r s u s e d i n t h e p a s t , and t h e i r u s e f o rvermin and p e s t c o n t r o l have n o t been a l t o g e t h e r s a t i sf a c t o r y .

R e c o g n i z i n g t h e n e e d f o r a b e t t e r u l t r a s o n i c p e s t andvermin c o n t r o l a p p a r a t u s and a cheaper and more e f f e ct i v e means f o r g e n e r a t i n g t h e s e u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n s , i ti s a g e n e r a l f e a t u r e o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n t o p r o v i d e an o v e l u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r .

I t i s a f u r t h e r f e a t u r e of t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n t o prov i d e a cheaper and more v e r s a t i l e u l t r a s o n i c vermin andp e s t c o n t r o l a p p a r a t u s which r e q u i r e s no i n p u t t r a n sf o r m e r , t h e r e b y e l i m i n a t i n g a l l o f t h e a t t e n d a n t p r o bl e m s c a u s e d by h a v i n g a n i n p u t t r a n s f o r m e r .I t i s a s t i l l f u r t h e r f e a t u r e o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n t oprovide a novel and more e f f e c t i v e means f o r varyingt h e u l t r a s o n i c o u t p u t i n o r d e r t o c o n t r o l p e s t s by g e n e ra t i n g p e r i o d i c b u r s t s o f u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y a n d s w e e pi n g t h e u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y d u r i n g e a c h b u r s t , i n amanner which p r e f e r a b l y d i f f e r s from b u r s t t o b u r s t .

Another f e a t u r e o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s a n o v e lmeans o f s i g n i ? c a n t l y r e d u c i n g t h e a u d i o s o u n d o u t p u td u r i n g u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t i o n .S t i l l a n o t h e r f e a t u r e o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s a

s p e a k e r means which i n c r e a s e s t h e e f ? c i e n c y o f p r o d u ci n g u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n s w i t h o u t a s i g n i ? c a n t change nt h e c o s t , s i z e o r c o n ? g u r a t i o n o f p r e s e n t l y u s e d s p e a kers.A n u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r a c c o r d i n g t o p r e se n t l y p r e f e r r e d e m b o d i m e n t s o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ,a n d i n t e n d e d t o s u b s t a n t i a l l y i n c o r p o r a t e t h e a b o v en o t e d f e a t u r e s , i n c l u d e s a t r a n s f o r m e r l e s s p u l s e d sweepu l t r a s o n i c g e n e r a t o r . The u l t r a s o n i c g e n e r a t o r o f t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s c a p a b l e o f p r o d u c i n g a low d u t yc y c l e p u l s e d sweep o f u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n s f r o m a b o u t2 5 KHz o 5 5 KHZ i t h no i n p u t t r a n s f o r m e r . A l s o , t h ea p p a r a t u s o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n c a n produce a b o u t1 0 0 t i m e s t h e u l t r a s o u n d l e v e l o f s i m i l a r known u l t r as o n i c g e n e r a t o r s , i . e . a b o u t 1 5 0 d b .A a s c a d e d v o l t a g e d o u b l e r s u p p l i e s o u t p u t DC o l ta g e t o a CMOS n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t o f quad 2 i n p u t NORg a t e s , one h a l f of w h i c h a c t s a s an a s t a b l e m u l t i v i b r a t o rand t h e o t h e r h a l f of which a c t s a s a duty c y c l e generat o r f o r t h e one h a l f , t h e d u t y c y c l e o f which and t h eo s c i l l a t i n g f r e q u e n c y o f which a r e d e t e r m i n e d a l l i naccordance w i t h e x t e r n a l c i r c u i t components conn e c t e d t o t h e p i n s o f t h e i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t .The o u t p u t o f t h e i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t c o n t r o l s a VMOSpower a m p l i ? e r which i n c l u d e s a r i n g i n g c i r c u i t t h a t i sg a t e d by t h e VMOS n r e s p o n s e t o t h e o u t p u t p u l s e sf r o m t h e a s t a b l e m u l t i v i b r a t o r d u r i n g e a c h b u r s t o fm u l t i v i b r a t o r o u t p u t p u l s e s , which c r e a t e s a r e l a t i v e l yl a r g e , 8 0 V e a k - t o - p e a k , v o l t a g e t o a m e c h a n i c a l t r a n sd u c e r , e . g . , a p i e z o e l e c t r i c a l c r y s t a l t r a n s d u c e r , a t as w e p t u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y . The t r a n s d u c e r i s m e c h a n ic a l l y c o n n e c t e d t o a t h r o a t l e s s f r e e - ? o a t i n g s p e a k e r .The n e t e f f e c t i s one of having a t r a n s f o r m e r l e s s sweptt o n e b u r s t g e n e r a t o r i n t h e u l t r a s o n i c r a n g e w i t h , i na d d i t i o n , a more e f ? c i e n t s p e a k e r a r r a n g e m e n t .


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4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 53Examples o f t h e more i m p o r t a n t f e a t u r e s o f t h e p r e se n t i n v e n t i o n have t h u s been summarized r a t h e rb r o a d l y i n o r d e r t h a t t h e d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n t h a t f o llows m a y b e b e t t e r u n d e r s t o o d , a n d i n o r d e r t h a t t h ec o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e a r t m a y be b e t t e r a p p r e c i a t e d . Therea r e , of c o u r s e , a d d i t i o n a l f e a t u r e s which w i l l be des c r i b e d h e r e i n a f t e r and which w i l l a l s o form t h e s u b j e c tof t h e appended c l a i m s . These f e a t u r e s and advantageso f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n w i l l be c o me a p p a r e n t withr e f e r e n c e t o t h e f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f p r ef e r r e d embodiments n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e a c c o m p a n yi n g d r a w i n g s , w h e r e i n l i k e r e f e r e n c e n u m e r a l s h a v eb e e n a p p l i e d t o l i k e e l e m e n t s .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 s h ows a schematic drawing of a c i r c u i t ac

c o r d i n g t o one embodiment o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;FIG. 2 shows a schematic drawing of a c i r c u i t ac

c o r d i n g t o a second embodiment of t h e p r e v e n t i n v e nt i o n ;FIG. 3 shows an output wave form of t h e u l t r a s o n i cv i b r a t i o n s ;FIG. 4 shows a p e r s p e c t i v e p a r t i a l l y cut-away viewo f a s p e a k e r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n ;FIG. 5 shows a p e r s p e c t i v e p a r t i a l l y c u t - a w a y viewo f t h e a p p a r a t u s o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n showing t h el o c a t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m - o n i n d i c a t i n g l i g h t o f t h e p r e s e n ti n v e n t i o n ;FIG. 6 shows a d e t a i l o f t h e p u l s e g e n e r a t o r s e c t i o no f F I G . 1 , i n c l u d i n g t h e l o g i c c i r c u i t r y o f t h e i n t e g r a t e dc i r c u i t ; a n dFIG. 7 sh ow s a d e t a i l o f t h e p u l s e g e n e r a t o r s e c t i o no f F I G . 2 , i n c l u d i n g t h e l o g i c c i r c u i t r y o f t h e i n t e g r a t e dc i r c u i t .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THEINVENTIONTurning n ow t o FIG. 1 , t h e c i r c u i t 2 0 a c c o r d i n g t o

t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s s h own t o have a p owe r s u p p l ys e c t i o n w i t h i n phantom l i n e s 2 2 , a p u l s e g e n e r a t o r s e ct i o n w i t h i n p h antom l i n e s 24 and a t r a n s d u c e r d r i v es e c t i o n w i t h i n phantom l i n e s 2 6 .The power s u p p l y s e c t i o n 2 2 h a s a n AC o l t a g e s u pp l y 28 which may e , e . g . , e i t h e r 1 1 0 V C r 220 V Ca n d , e . g . , from 2 5 Hz o 60 Hz. Across t h e AC o l t a g es u p p l y 2 8 i s a dumping r e s i s t o r 2 9 . E l e c t r i c a l l y conn e c t e d t o one t e r m i n a l o f t h e AC o l t a g e s u p p l y 2 8 i sone s i d e o f a 1 . 5 u f d c a p a c i t o r 3 0 , i s a low l e a k a g e , e . g . ,? l m , p a p e r o r t a n t a l u m d i e l e c t r i c c a p a c i t o r ) t h e oppos i t e s i d e of which i s connected t o node 32 between twod i o d e s 34 and 36 connected anode t o c a t h o d e , w i t h t h eanode of diode 36 connected t o t h e c o m m o n , i . e . ,g r o u n d s i d e o f AC o l t a g e s u p p l y 2 8 . E l e c t r i c a l l y c o nnected from t h e cathode of diode 34 t o ground s a 1000p f d c a p a c i t o r 3 8 . With t h i s c a s c a d e d v o l t a g e d o u b l e ra r r a n g e m e n t , due t o t h e f a c t t h a t low l e a k a g e c a p a c i t o r3 0 i s s m a l l i n c o m p a r i s o n t o c a p a c i t o r 3 8 , c a p a c i t o r 3 8c h a n g e s r e l a t i v e l y s l o w l y , a n d w i l l n o t g e t more t h a na b o u t 5 V bove normal s y s t e m v o l t a g e o f 3 5 V, due t oc o n t i n u a l l y b e i n g d i s c h a r g e d t h r o u g h t h e l o a d c r e a t e dby t h e p u l s e g e n e r a t o r s e c t i o n 2 4 a n d t r a n s d u c e r d r i v es e c t i o n 2 6 .The p u l s e g e n e r a t o r s e c t i o n 2 4 c o n s i s t s o f q u a d 2input-CMOS NOR a t e i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t 4 0 , e . g . , a nRCA CD 4001BE i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t , one h a l f o f whichs u p p l i e s a s q u a r e wave swept a b o u t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0KHz a n d d u t y c y c l e d by t h e o t h e r h a l f . C o n n e c t e dbetween t h e cathode o f d i o d e 34 and ground i s a 30K

1 0

20

2 5

3 5

45

5 5

60

6 5

4r e s i s t o r 42 and a 16K r e s i s t o r 44 with t h e j u n c t i o n 46between t h e two connected t o p i n 14 o f t h e CMOS 40t o s u p p l y s y s t e m v o l t a g e V D D . S y s t e m v o l t a g e V D Dt h u s v a r i e s a s t h e c h a r g e on c a p a c i t o r 3 8 and i n c r e a s e sa s t h e c h a r g i n g o f c a p a c i t o r 38 occurs i n t h e powers u p p l y s e c t i o n 2 2 , and d e c r e a s e s a s c h a r g e i s removedf r o m c a p a c i t o r 3 8 d u r i n g d r i v i n g o f t h e p u l s e g e n e r a t o rs e c t i o n 2 4 , and t h e transducer drive s e c t i o n 2 6 . hec i r c u i t c o m p o n e n t s and operation a r e s e l e c t e d t o h ave ad u t y c y c l e f o r t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f b u r s t s o f u l t r a s o n i cf r e q u e n c y , which p r o v i d e s s u f ? c i e n t l o a d o n t h e c a p a c it o r 38 t o p r e v e n t i t from b e i n g charged more t h a n t oa b o u t 4 0 v o l t s , where 3 5 v o l t s i s n o m i n a l VDD. VDD sa c t u a l l y t h e c h a r g e on c a p a c i t o r 3 8 t i m e s t h e r a t i o o f t h er e s i s t a n c e of r e s i s t o r 44 d i v i d e d by t h e s u m o f t h e r e s i st a n c e s o f r e s i s t o r s 44 and 42 which form a v o l t a g e d iv i d e r , t h e r e b y k e e p i n g V D D e l o w t h e l i m i t s o f CMOS4 0 , i . e . a b o u t 1 6 v o l t s . F u r t h e r , s i n c e t h e o u t p u t c a p a c it o r 3 8 i s m u c h l a r g e r i n c a p a c i t a n c e t h a n t h e i n p u t c ap a c i t o r 3 0 , t h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r 3 8 c h a r g e s r e l a t i v e l ys l o w l y . S i n c e , a s w i l l a p p e a r b e l o w , t h e b u r s t r e p e t i t i o nr a t e , t h e o s c i l l a t i n g f r e q u e n c y d u r i n g e a c h b u r s t a n d t h em a g n i t u d e o f t h e u l t r a s o u n d g e n e r a t i o n e a c h v a r y d ir e c t l y w i t h t h e c h a r g e a c r o s s c a p a c i t o r 3 8 , t h e g r e a t e rt h e c h a r g e t h e r e o n , t h e g r e a t e r t h e d r a i n f r o m t h e l o a d ,t h u s p r e v e n t i n g e x c e s s i v e c h a r g i n g o f t h e o u t p u t c a p a ci t o r 3 8 .

Connected t o p i n s 1 and 3-5 o f t h e CMOS 40 i s t h eduty c y c l e network 48 which c o n s i s t s of a 1.5M ohmr e s i s t o r 50 connected t o p i n 1 ; a 4.7M ohm e s i s t o r 5 2and a d i o d e 54 connected t o p i n 3 , with t h e cathode o ft h e d i o d e 5 4 e l e c t r i c a l l y c o n n e c t e d t o p i n 3 t h r o u g hr e s i s t o r 5 2 ; a 0 . 1 ; ; f d c a p a c i t o r 5 6 c o n n e c t e d t o p i n 4 ;and a 10M ohm e s i s t o r 58 and a diode 60 connected t op i n 5 w i t h t h e c a t h o d e o f t h e d i o d e 6 0 c o n n e c t e d t o p i n5 t h r o u g h r e s i s t o r 5 8 . The a n o d e s o f d i o d e s 5 4 and 6 0a n d t h e o p p o s i t e e n d s o f r e s i s t o r 5 0 and c a p a c i t o r 5 6 ,f r o m , r e s p e c t i v e l y p i n s 1 a n d 4 , a r e a l l e l e c t r i c a l l y conn e c t e d .

P i n 1 o f t h e CMOS n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t 40 s connectedt o p i n 1 3 through a 2 2 p f c a p a c i t o r 6 2 . P i n 1 2 i s conn e c t e d by jumper 64 t o p i n s 3 and 5 . A umper 6 6 conn e c t s p i n s 6 and 7 and p i n s 7 and 8 a r e connected t oground b y , r e s p e c t i v el y , l e a d s 6 8 and 7 0 . P i n 2 i s conn e c t e d t o ground on t h e grounded s i d e o f r e s i s t o r 4 4 .Connected t o p i n s 1 0 - 1 3 o f t h e CMOS s t h e f r equency c o n t r o l c i r c u i t r y 7 1 which c o n t r o l s th e o u t p u tu l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y w i t h i n t h e d u t y - c y c l e d t o n e b u r s t s .P i n 1 3 i s connected t o p i n s 1 1 and 9 through a 1.5Mohm r e s i s t o r 72 and a 75K ohm r e s i s t o r 7 6 , with ana n t e n n a 74 connected between p i n 1 3 and r e s i s t o r 7 2 .The antenna 74 may o n v e n i e n t l y be formed of a s h o r tl e n g t h o f i n s u l a t e d w i r e . A 2 p f d c a p a c i t o r 7 8 c o n n e c t st h e node 79 between r e s i s t o r s 72 and 76 and p i n 1 0 oft h e CMOS 0 .The t r a n s d u c e r d r i v e s e c t i o n 26 c o m p r i s e s a VMOSFET 8 0 , e . g . , a ZVNO109A ma d e by F e r r a n t i . TheGATE f t h e FET 0 i s c o n n e c t e d t o p i n s 1 1 and 9 ,w i t h t h e DRAIN f t h e FET onnected through a 5 . 6M i l l i h e n r y choke 8 2 a n d a l i g h t e m i t t i n g d i o d e LED)84 t o t h e power s u p p l y s e c t i o n 1 2 , and t h e SOURCE ft h e FET 0 connected t o g r o u n d . Between t h e DRAINo f FET 0 and t h e 5 . 6 M i l l i h e n r y choke i s a node 8 5which i s c o n n e c t e d t o ground t h r o u g h a 5 p . f d c a p a c it o r 8 8 and a p i e z o e l e c t r i c t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 , e . g . , o f t h e k i n di n c l u d e d i n e x p o n e n t i a l t w e e t e r s made by Motorolaunder M o d el Nos. KSN 1038A o r KSN 1041A. Thet r a n s d u c e r 86 s mechanically connected t o t h e cone 142


7/10

4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 55o f a s p e a k e r f o r p r o d u c i n g u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n i n r es p o n s e t o e l e c t r i c a l s t i m u l a t i o n o f t h e t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 , a si s e x p l a i n e d i n more d e t a i l b e l o w . Connected a c r o s s t h et r a n s d u c e r 86 and ground i s a high/low s w i t c h 90 and a1 0 0 M i c r o h e n r y c h o k e 9 2 .

I n o p e r a t i o n o f t h e c i r c u i t o f FIG. 1 , t h e power s u pp l y s e c t i o n 2 2 p r o v i d e s a v a r y i n g DC n p u t v o l t a g e a tt h e node 4 6 t o p i n 1 4 a s c a p a c i t o r 3 8 c h a r g e s . The d u t yc y c l e c i r c u i t r y 4 8 e s t a b l i s h e s a d u t y c y c l e , i . e . when t h eo u t p u t o f CMOS 40 i s on and o f f , and t h e f r e q u e n c yc o n t r o l c i r c u i t r y 7 1 d e t e r m i n e s t h e o u t p u t f r eq u e n c yd u r i n g e a c h d u t y c y c l e . The a n t e n n a 7 4 p i c k s u p 6 0c y c l e hum p r e s e n t i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e s u r r o u n d i n g t h ec i r c u i t r y o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n , a n d t o g e t h e r w i t h t h ec h a r g i n g o f c a p a c i t o r 7 8 c a u s e s a sweep o f t h e o u t p u tf r e q u e n c y w h i c h i s r a n d o m i z e d d u r i n g e a c h d u t y c y c l e .

randomized i t i s meant t h a t a t t h e c o m m e n c e m e n t ofa n d d u r i n g e a c h b u r s t d u t y c y c l e t h e v a l u e o f VDDv a r i e s d e p e n d i n g o n t h e c h a r g e on o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r 3 8 ,and a l s o due on o c c a s i o n depending on t h e i n p u t froma n t e n n a 7 4 , t h u s v a r y i n g t h e c h a r g e a n d r a t e o f c h a r g eo f c a p a c i t o r 7 8 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e o s c i l l a t i n g f r e q u e n c yo u t p u t o f t h e CMOS 0 , i n a manner which v a r i e s fromtone b u r s t t o tone b u r s t .The VMOS 0 and t h e r i n g i n g c i r c u i t o f choke 8 2and c a p a c i t o r 8 8 a c t s a s a power a m p l i ? e r o f t h e s i g n a lon t h e g a t e of t h e VMOS. A VMOSFET 0 i s s e l e c t e db e c a u s e o f i t s c o m p a t i b i l i t y w i t h t h e o u t p u t o f CMOS4 0 and b e c a u s e i t s r e a c t i o n t i m e i s s m a l l enough t o b ee f f e c t i v e a t u l t r a s o ni c f r e q u e n c i e s , i . e . h a v i n g a n F T o f ,e . g . , 8 0 0 MHz. The h i g h / l o w s w i t c h 9 0 , when s h u tp l a c e s t h e choke 9 2 i n s h u n t a c r o s s t h e t r a n s d u c e r 5 6 ,which t e n d s t o r e d u c e a u d i o o u t p u t o f t h e s p e a k e r 1 4 2 .

Turning now t o FIG. 2 , a second e mbo d i me n t of ac i r c u i t 2 0 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s shown.The power s u p p l y c i r c u i t r y 2 2 h a s b e e n modi?ed t ot a k e t h e i n p u t t o p i n 1 4 from a c r o s s c a p a c i t o r 30t h r o u g h a d i o d e 1 0 0 , a v a r i a b l e r e s i s t o r 1 0 1 , v a r i a b l e upt o 100K ohms, and a 16K ohm e s i s to r 1 0 2 . The r e s i s t o r1 0 2 i s c o n n e c t e d t o ground t h r o u g h a p a r a l l e l RC e twork c o n s i s t i n g of a 5.1K ohm e s i s t o r 104 and a 0 . 3 3 i tf d c a p a c i t o r 1 0 6 . The node 1 0 8 between r e s i s t o r 1 0 2 andRC etwork 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 i s c o n n e c t e d t o p i n 1 4 . With t h i sa r r a n g e m e n t , due t o t h e e f f e c t o f RC etwork 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 ,t h e s y s t e m v o l t a g e o n p i n 1 4 , VDD, v a r i e s c y c l i c a l l y i na roughly s i n u s o i d a l manner a b o u t 5 V DC, due t o t h ev o l t a g e d i v i d e r a c t i o n o f n e t w o r k 1 0 1 , 1 0 2 , 1 0 4 a n d 1 0 6 .The p u l s e g e n e r a t o r s e c t i o n 2 4 h a s d u t y c y c l e c i rc u i t r y 4 8 which i n c l u d e s a 1.5M ohm e s i s t o r 110 c o n n e c t e d t o p i n 1 , a 1.5M ohm e s i s t o r 112 connected t op i n 3 and a 0 . 1 f d c a p a c i t o r 1 1 4 , e a c h c o n n e c t e d a l s o t ot h e o t h e r . P i n s 3 a n d 5 a r e jumpered t o g e t h e r and p i n s2 , 6 , 7 a n d 8 a r e g r o u n d e d .The f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o l c i r c u i t r y 7 1 h a s b e e n modi?ed f r o m t h a t o f FIG. 1 by e l i m i n a t i n g t h e a n t e n n a 7 4 ,r e p l a c i n g r e s i s t o r 7 6 w i t h a v a r i a b l e r e s i s t o r 1 2 4 , v a r ia b l e t o 1 0 0 K h m s , a n d r e p l a c i n g t h e 2 2 p f d c a p a c i t o r7 8 w i t h a 2 2 0 p f d c a p a c i t o r 7 8 .

I n t h e t r a n s d u c e r d r i v e s e c t i o n 2 6 t h e high/lows w i t c h 9 0 h a s b e e n removed and t h e 1 0 0 MicroHenrychoke 9 2 h a s b e e n r e p l a c e d by a 2 2 0 MicroHenry choke9 2 connected a c r o s s t h e t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 .

I n o p e r a t i o n , t h e c i r c u i t o f FIG. , f u n c t i o n s s i m i l a r l yt o t h e c i r c u i t o f FIG. 1 . The v a r i a b l e r e s i s t o r 1 0 1 i sa d j u s t e d d u r i n g t h e m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o c e s s t o a c h i e v ea n o s c i l l a t i n g r o u g h l y s i n e wave i n p u t t o p i n 4 due t ot h e e f f e c t o f d i o d e 1 0 0 , r e s i s t o r s 1 0 1 , 1 0 2 and 1 0 4 a n dc a p a c i t o r 1 0 6 , f o r m i n g a 6 0 Hz l o w v o l t a g e r a m p i n g

2 5

3 5

45

50

5 5

6 0

6 5

6n e t w o r k , v a r y i n g a b o u t 5 V C. T h i s i n p u t t o p i n 1 4 i nt h e embodiment o f FIG. 2 r e s u l t s i n s w e e p i n g o f b o t ht h e d u t y c y c l e a n d t h e o s c i l l a t o r o u t p u t f r e q u e n c y .V a r i a b l e r e s i s t o r 1 0 1 i s a l s o a d j u s t e d t o k e e p t h e DCv o l t a g e on c a p a c i t o r 3 8 a t a b o u t 3 5 V. The low 5 V DCv a r y i n g v o l t a g e m o d u l a t e s t h e d r a i n r e s i s t a n c e ( R l D SON) o f VMOS 0 t o r o u n d t h e e n v e l o p e . R 0 5 , t h edynamic d r a i n s o u r c e r e s i t a n c e o f t h e VMOS 0 i s t h u sm o d u l a t e d t o p r e v e n t a b r u p t c h a n g e s i n c u r r e n tt h r o u g h t h e c h o k e 8 2 , a l s o t h e r e b y p r e v e n t i n g a u d i op r o d u c i n g s h o c k e x c i t a t i o n o f t h e t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 .The v a r i a b l e r e s i s t o r 1 2 4 i n t h e o s c i l l a t o r f r e q u e n c yc i r c u i t r y 7 1 i s a l s o a d j u s t e d a t m a n u f a c t u r e t o a c h i e v eresonance between choke 9 2 and t h e t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 . Av a r i a b l e r e s i s t o r 1 2 4 i s n e e d e d b e c a u s e m a n u f a c t u r i n gt o l e r a n c e s f o r both t h e choke 9 2 and t r a n s d u c e r 86 canr e s u l t i n them b e i n g o u t o f r e s o n a n c e w i t h o u t a d j u s t i n gt h e o u t p u t f r e q u e n c y o f t h e v a r i a b l e o s c i l l a t o r , a b o u twhich sweep o c c u r s , by c h a n g i n g t h e v a l u e o f r e s i s t o r1 2 4 s o t h a t t h e o u t p u t f r e q u e n c y a b o u t which sweepoccurs can be mo d i ? e d t o output t h e transducer 86 andchoke 9 2 i n r e s o n a n c e t t h a t f r e q u e n c y . Resonanceb e t w e e n c h o k e 9 2 a n d t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 s e v e r e l y dampenst h e a u d i o o u t p u t , which a d d s t o t h e a u d i o dampeninge f f e c t o f c a p a c i t o r 8 8 .P r o v i d i n g p i n 1 4 w i t h a r o u g h l y s i n u s o i d a l i n p u tv o l t a g e a l s o a s s i s t s i n r e d u c i n g t h e a u d i o o u t p u t o f t h et r a n s d u c e r 86 which c a n be c a u s e d by shock e x c i t e m e n to f t h e p i e z o e l e c t r i c c r y s t a l o f t h e t r a n s d u c e r 8 6 due t ot h e r a t e a t which t h e modulation on t h e GATE f PET8 0 r e a c h e s t h r e s h h o l d v o l t a g e . The rounded wave fromi n p u t on p i n 1 4 p r o d u c e s a rounded e n v e l o p e a t t h ei n i t i a t i o n o f e a c h d u t y c y c l e a s shown i n FIG, 3 ,whereas t h e c i r c u i t o f FIG. 1 w i l l t e n d t o have ana b r u b t e r i n i t i a t i o n o f t h e duty c y c l e t o o n , which canc a u s e i n t e r m i t t e n t a u d i o p r o d u c t i o n by t h e t r a n s d u c e r8 6 .Turning now o FIG. 4 , i t can be s e e n t h a t a p r i n t e dc i r c u i t b o a r d PCB) 1 3 0 , upon which a l l o f t h e c o m p on e n t s of t h e c i r c u i t s 2 0 , 2 0 of FIGS. 1 or 2 a r e conven i e n t l y m o u n t e d , i s c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n a h o u s i n g 1 3 2h a v i n g a s p e a k e r g r a t i n g 1 3 4 . The LED 4 i s c o n n e c t e dt o t h e PCB 3 0 by s h o r t r e l a t i v e l y r i g i d e x t e r n a l l e a d s1 3 6 which m a y be on t h e LED 84 a s s u p p l i e d by t h em a n u f a c t u r e r . For c o n v e n i e n c e o f wi r i n g a n d f o r a v o i di n g c o s t l y p r o d u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d a p o t e n t i a l f o rd a m a g e t o t h e LED 4 d u r i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n o r u s e o f t h ep r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n , t h e LED 4 i s p o s i t i o n e d i n s i d e t h eh o u s i n g 1 3 2 s o a s t o be v i s i b l e from o u t s i d e t h e h o u s i n g1 3 2 b y v i e w i n g t h r o u g h t h e s p e a k e r g r a t i n g 1 3 4 .Turning n ow t o FIG. 5 , a s p e a k e r 1 4 0 a c c o r d i n g t ot h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s s h o w n . To make t h e s p e a k e r1 4 0 o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n , a n e x p o n e n t i a l h o r nt w e e t e r p i e z o c e r a m i c s p e a k e r made b y M o t o r o l a u n d e rModel Nos. KSN 1038A or KSN 1041A wa s m o d i ?e dt o make a s p e a k e r 1 4 0 h a v i n g a f r e e - ? o a t i n g s p e a k e rcone 1 4 2 . The t h r o a t and t h e p h a s e r p l u g o f t h e aboven o t e d m o d e l s o f s p e a k e r a r e removed f r o m t h e h o u s i n g1 3 2 a n d r e p l a c e d by s i m p l y a g r a t i n g 1 3 4 ( s h o w n i nFIG. 4 ) , which d o e s n o t t e n d t o b l o c k o r d a m p e n u l t r as o u n d v i b r a t i o n s . R i g i d c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s p e a k e r1 4 2 a n d t h e s p e a k e r h o u s i n g 1 3 2 i s e l i m i n a t e d . I n t h es p e a k e r a s made by Motorola 1 t h r o a t and p h a s e r p l u gp r e s s t h e circumference 1 4 4 of t h e cone 142 a g a i n s t ar i d g e 1 4 6 on a s p e a k e r c a s i n g 1 4 8 . Apart from t h e r emoval o f t h e t h r o a t a n d p h a s e r p l u g , t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o ft h e a b o v e - n o t e d models o f s p e a k e r need n o t b ec h a n g e d . However, a f u r t h e r m o d i ? c a t i o n , which im


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4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5n a n c e c a p a c i t o r i n p a r a l l e l t h e r e w i t h . I t w i l l b e f u r t h e ra p p a r e n t t o t h o s e s k i l l e d i n t h e a r t t h a t t h e i n v e n t i o nm a y b e u s e d w i t h o t h e r s u i t a b l e m o d i ? c a t i o n s w i t h i nt h e s k i l l of t h e a r t whi c h would be apparent t o ones k i l l e d i n t h e a r t . I t i s t h e a p p l i c a n t s i n t e n t i o n t o coveri n t h e f o l l o w i n g c l a i m s a l l s u c h e q u i v a l e n t m o d i ? c a t i o n sand v a r i a t i o n s a s f a l l w i t h i n t h e t r u e s c o p e and s p i r i t o ft h e i n v e n t i o n .W h a t i s c l a i m e d i s :1 . A n u l t r a so n i c v i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r c o m p r i s i n g :

a v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r means f o r p r o d u c i n gan o s c i l l a t i n g s i g n a l a t a v a r i a b l e u l t r a s o n i c f r eq u e n c y , r e s p o n s i v e t o a v a r y i n g f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o li n p u t s i g n a l t o t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r ;f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o l i n p u t s i g n a l m e a n s f o r p r o v i d i n gt h e v a r y i n g f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o l i n p u t s i g n a l t o t h ev a r i a b l e frequency o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s ;

s p e a k e r m e a n s , r e s p o n s i v e t o t h e o u t p u t o f t h e v a r ia b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s , f o r p r o d u c i n gm e c h a n i c a l v i b r a t i o n s ; a n da m p l i ? e r means f o r a m p l i f y i n g t h e o u t p u t o f t h e v a r ia b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r a n d p r o v i d i n g t h e a m p l i?ed o u t p u t o f t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r t ot h e s p e a k e r m e a n s , s a i d a m p l i ? e r means i n c l u d i n g aVMOS ? e l d e f f e c t t r a n s i s t o r having a d r a i n ; ac h o k e ; a c a p a c i t o r , t h e c h o k e a n d t h e c a p a c i t o reach having a ? r s t t e r m i n a l connected t o t h e d r a i no f s a i d ? e l d e f f e c t t r a n s i s t o r ; and a n i n d u c t i v e l o a di n p a r a l l e l w i t h t h e s p e a k e r m e a n s , t h e p a r a l l e lc o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e i n d u c t i v e l o a d a n d s p e a k e rme an s being connected t o a second t e r m i n a l of s a i dc a p a c i t o r ;

t h e i n d u c t i v e l o a d and t h e s p e a k e r means h a v i n gr e s p ec t i v e i n d u c t i v e a n d c a p a c i t i v e v a l u e s w h i c hp r o v i d e r e s o n a n c e between t h e i n d u c t i v e l o a d andt h e s p e a k e r means a t a s e l e c t e d o u t p u t f r e q u e n c y o ft h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s .2 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g

t h e v a r i a b l e frequency o s c i l l a t o r me an s i n c l u d i n g a? r s t p a i r o f l o g i c g a t e s , t h e o u t p u t o f o n e f o r m i n ga n i n p u t t o t h e o t h e r and t h e o u t p u t o f t h e o t h e rforming a n i n p u t t o t h e one through a t i m e d e l a yl i n e ;t h e e n a b l i n g means f o r p e r i o d i c a l l y e n a b l i n g t h e v a r ia b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r means i n c l u d i n g a secondp a i r o f l o g i c g a t e s t h e o u t p u t o f one f o r m i n g a ni n p u t o f t h e o t h e r a n d t h e o u t p u t o f t h e o t h e r formi n g a n i n p u t t o t h e one t h r o u g h a t i m e d e l a y l i n e ,t h e t i m e d e l a y l i n e i n t h e e n a b l i n g means b e i n gr e l a t i v e l y l o n g i n c o m p a r i s o n t o t h e t i m e d e l a y l i n ei n t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s ; and

t h e o u t p u t o f t h e e n a b l i n g means f o r m i n g a n i n p u t t ot h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s , t o p e r i o d ic a l l y e n a b l e t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o rmeans.3 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 2 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e t i m e d e l a y l i n e o f t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l at o r m e a n s i n c l u d i n g an RC ime c o n s t a n t and d e t e rm i n i n g t h e o u t p u t f r e q u e n c y o f t h e v a r i a b l e f r eq u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r ; a n dt h e t i m e d e l a y l i n e o f t h e e n a b l i n g means i n c l u d i n g a nRC i m e c o n s t a n t a n d d e t e r m i n i n g t h e d u r a t i o n o fe a c h e n a b l i n g p e r i o d .4 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 3 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

means f o r v a r y i n g t h e RC i m e c o n s t a n t o f t h e v a r ia b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r t i m e d e l a y l i n e d u r i n ge a c h e n a b l i n g p e r i o d ;

2 0

4 5

6 0

1 0means f o r v a r y i n g t h e RC i m e c o n s t a n t of t h e en

a b l i n g m e a n s t i m e d e l a y l i n e , d u r i n g e a c h e n a b l i n gp e r i o d , a n dmeans f o r v a r y i n g t h e i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n e n a b l i n g p e r io d s .5 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 4 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e means f o r v a r y i n g t h e RC i m e c o n s t a n t o f t h ev a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r t i m e d e l a y l i n e , t h emeans f o r varying t h e RC time c o n s t a n t f o r t h ee n a b l i n g means t i m e d e l a y l i n e , and t h e means f o rv a r y i n g t h e i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n e n a b l i n g p e r i o d s ,e a c h i n c l u d i n g means f o r p r o v i d i n g s u c h v a r i a t i o ni n a random manner.

6 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 , f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :t h e s p e a k e r means i n c l u d i n g a n e l e c t r i c a l l y e x c i t e d

transducer; and 7a n i n d u c t i v e l o a d i n p a r a l l e l w i t h t h e e l e c t r i c a l l ye x c i t e d t r a n s d u c e r .7 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 , f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e s p e a k e r m e a n s i n c l u d i n g a p i e z o e l e c t r i c c r y s t alh a v i n g a n i n t e r n a l c a p a c i t a n c e ; a n d

a n i n d u c t i v e l o a d i n p a r a l l e l w i t h t h e e l e c t r i c a l l ye x c i t e d t r a n s d u c e r a n d h a v i n g a n t h e p i e z o e l e c t r i cc r y s t a l and t h e i n d u c t i v e l o a d a t a s e l e c t e d f r equency w i t h i n t h e r a n g e o f o u t p u t f r e q u e n c i e sg e n e r a t e d b y t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o rmeans.8 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 , f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e s p e a k e r means i n c l u d i n g a n e l e c t r i c a l l y e x c i t e dtransducer and a speaker cone connected t o t h ew a f e r , t h e s p e a k e r c o n e n o t b e i n g h e l d i n p l a c e b yo t h e r t h a n t h e mechanical connection t o t h e t r a n sd u c e r .9 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 , f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e s p e a k e r m e a n s i n c l u d i n g a m u l t i m o r p h p i e z oceramic wafer transducer and a speaker c o n e mec h a n i c a l l y connected on one s u r f a c e o f t h e w a f e r ,t h e s p e a k e r c o n e n o t b e i n g h e l d i n p l a c e by o t h e rt h a n t h e mechanical c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e t r a n s d u c e r ,a n d t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e o f t h e w a f e r h a v i n g no c o a ti n g o f d a m p e n i n g m a t e r i a l .1 0 . A n u l t r a s o n i c s o u n d g e n e r a t o r c o m p r i s i n g :

a means f o r g e n e r a t i n g e l e c t r i c a l s i g n a l s a t u l t r a s o n i cf r e q u e n c y ;an e l e c t r i c a l l y e x c i t e d transducer me an s f o r convert

i n g t h e u l t r a s o n i c f r e q u e n c y e l e c t r i c s i g n a l s i n t om e c h a n i c a l v i b r a t i o n s ;a s p e a k e r means having a s p e a k e r cone m e c h a n i c a l l yconnected t o t h e t r a n s d u c e r me an s and not h e l d i np l a c e by o t h e r t h a n t h e m e c h a n i c a l c o n n n e c t i o n t ot h e t r a n s d u c e r .1 1 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 0 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e t r a n s d u c e r means c o m p r i s i n g a m u l t i - m o r p hp i e z o - c e r a m i c w a f e r .1 2 . The a p p a r a t u s o f c l a i m 1 1 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g :

t h e s p e a k e r cone connected t o one s u r f a c e of t h ew a f e r and t h e o p p o s i t e s u r f a c e b e i n g w i t h o u t ad a m p e n i n g c o a t i n g .1 3 . A n u l t r a s o n i c v i b r a t i o n g e n e r a t o r c o m p r i s i n g :

a v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r means f o r p r o d u c i n ga n o s c i l l a t i n g s i g n a l a t a v a r i a b l e u l t r a s o n i c f r eq u e n c y , r e s p o n s i v e t o a v a r y i n g f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o li n p u t s i g n a l t o t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r ;

f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o l i n p u t s i g n a l m e a n s f o r p r o v i d i n gt h e v a r y i n g f r e q u e n c y c o n t r o l i n p u t s i g n a l t o t h ev a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s ;


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4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 511s p e a k e r m e a n s , r e s p o n s i v e t o t h e o u t p u t o f t h e v a r i

a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s , f o r p r o d u c i n gm e c h a n i c a l v i b r a t i o n s ;t h e s p e a k e r means i n c l u d i n g a m u l t i m o r p h p i e z oceramic wafer t r a n s d u c e r , a s p e a k e r c a s i n g and as p e a k e r c o n e , f r e e ? o a t i n g w i t h i n s a i d c a s i n g a n dmechanically connected on one s u r f a c e of t h e waf e r , t h e s p e a k e r cone n o t b e i n g h e l d i n p l a c e w i t h i ns a i d s a i d c a s i n g by o t h e r t h a n t h e m e c h a n i c a l c o n -n e c t i o n t o t h e t r a n s d u c e r , and t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e o ft h e w a f e r h a v i n g no c o a t i n g o f dampening mater i a l ; a n da m p l i ? e r means f o r a m p l i f y i n g t h e o u t p u t o f t h e v a r ia b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r a n d p r o v i d i n g t h e a m p l i?ed o u t p u t o f t h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r t o 5

2 5

3 5

45

50

5 5

6 0

6 5

1 2t h e s p e a k e r means, s a i d ampli?er mean s i n c l u d i n g aVMOS ? e l d e f f e c t t r a n s i s t o r having a d r a i n ; ac h o k e ; a c a p a c i t o r , s a i d choke and c a p a c i t o r e a c hhaving a ? r s t t e r m i n a l connected t o t h e d r a i n o fs a i d ? e l d e f f e c t t r a n s i s t o r ; and an i n d u c t i v e l o a d i np a r a l l e l w i t h t h e s p e a k e r m e a n s , t h e p a r a l l e l c o m b in a t i o n of s a i d i n d u c t i v e l o a d and s p e a k e r meansbeing connected t o a second t e r m i n a l of a i d capaci t o r ;t h e i n d u c t i v e l o a d and t h e s p e a k e r means h a v i n gr e s p e c t i v e i n d u c t i v e a n d c a p a c i t i v e v a l u e s whichp r o v i d e r e s o n a n c e between t h e i n d u c t i v e l o a d andt h e s p e a k e r mean s a t a s e l e c t e d o u t p u t frequency oft h e v a r i a b l e f r e q u e n c y o s c i l l a t o r m e a n s .

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