Proposal for the ECOS facility

Proposal for a high-intensity, light and heavy ion facility in Europe

ECOS-LINCE: European LINAC CENTER

Prepared byIsmael Martel (Huelva University)This document was prepared by the ECOS (European COllaboration on Stable ion beams) working group, in order to describe the research perspectives with high intensity stable ion beams, to help categorize existing facilities and to identify the opportunities for a dedicated new facility in EUROPE

ECOS Working group:

Faial Azaiez (Chair) (IPNO Orsay)Giacomo de Angelis (LNL Legnaro)Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg (Liverpool)Sigurd Hofmann (GSI Darmstadt)Rauno Julin (Jyvskyl)Marek Lewitowicz (GANIL Caen)Marie-Helene Moscatello (GANIL Caen)Anna Maria Porcellano (LNL Legnaro)Ulrich Ratzinger (Frankfurt)

HIGH INTENSITY STABLE ION BEAMS IN EUROPEThe long-term goal for a new dedicated high intensity stable ion beam facility in Europe, with energies at and above the Coulomb barrier, is considered to be one of the important issues to be discussed in the next Long Range Plan of the nuclear physics community.IV: Concluding remarks and recommendationsECOS working group conclusionsUsing stable beams facilities and the new generation of detection techniques, the low energy nuclear physics community has proven to be impressively productive with new results and future perspectives.Some of the key questions in nuclear structure are and will remain for the coming 10 years well addressed using the state of the art detection systems and higher intensity stable beams.

3LINCE; high-intensity superconducting LINAC

- Wide range of ions, from protons to Uranium- Wide range of energies, up to 10 A MeV for 238U High Intensity accelerator (1 mA light ions 10 pA heavy ions)

LINCE: energy booster using heavy-ion synchrotron:

50 MeV/u for light ion species 200 MeV for deuterons.

PROGRAM:

- Basic and Fundamental problems in nuclear physics Applications of nuclear physics Interaction with IndustryECOS facility: a FIRST CLASS High intensity heavy-ion accelerator for stable ions, with energies at and above the Coulomb barrier.LINCE proposal

The totality of the ECOS physics case

- Nuclear structure, low, medium and high spin- Reaction mechanisms- Charge-exchange reactions- Isomers- Ground-state properties- Astrophysics- Superheavies

- Nuclear equation of state (EOS)- Fundamental physics: neutrinoless double-beta decayStudies where one can benefit from high intensity stable beams Basic Nuclear Physics

DEVELOPMENTS - High resolution spectrometers and recoil separators with high rejection power (MAGNEX, VAMOS, PRISMA,)

- High power targets

- New generation of gamma & particle detectors (FAZIA, AGATA,) with new generation electronics and data correlation systems.Separator

+ Long and dedicated beam time!!Spectrometer

Gamma-particle

Typical experimental setupMaterial research for energy productionFusion energy research: aiming at qualifying advanced materials resistant to extreme conditions, specific to fusion reactors like ITER. Intense ion beams of moderate energy are needed to simulate fusion reactor conditions. (CIEMAT)IFMIF project: a 40 MeV, 125 mA deuteron + lithium target neutrons to test materials for first generation of fusion reactors

the DEMO reactor

Cocktail beams la JANNUS

Double, triple charged ions

Condition: Same A/q

EX: 56Fe (14+) + 4He(1+)Fusion energy research

What LINACs can do better (than cyclotrons)ECOS-LINCE 2013, Ulli Coester, GrenobleModern radioisotopes are currently investigated/used to treat in a more efficient way the different tumours and cancer disease of our society. Radioisotope production8

Highly demanded ions & energies ~10 MeV/uTypical figures from RADEF, FinlandHigh intensity ion beams are used in aerospace programs for radiation resistant electronics and in nuclear energy applications. Quality tests are required in order to accomplish with UE safety regulations for energy control and aerospace on-board electronics. Research can be centred on the impact of radiation on the response of new device technologies and single-event effects in new technologies and ultra-small devices.

Aerospace electronicsFor the program on basic nuclear physics and applications it is proposed the following parameters:

Protons to Uranium: 1 mA max intensity eg., 48Ca (8+) > 10 pALINAC: E from 40 keV/u to (8.5 45) MeV/u depending on A/qSYNCHROTON: 50 MeV/u for light ion species & 200 MeV for deuterons. Full-SC ECR ion source 14.5-18 GHzRFQ for 1 A/q 7 Superconducting cavities Energies reachable with 4 Cryo-modules: COMPACT linac. 7000 hours of availability, with 5000 hours for ECOS science and 2000 hours for ApplicationsLINCE-main parametersChoice of 1st harmonic (fundamental) defined minimum time of flight: 50 nsFundamental frequency: 18.1875 MHz (54.98 ns) from RF amplifier market HI-buncherFor protons and alphas: F = 36.375 MHz need double buncher (space charge issues)Frequency of RFQ, F = 72.75 MHz (4th harm.)E in/out = 0.04A MeV / 0.5A MeV

Frequency of SC cavities : 72.75 MHz (4th harm.) and 109.125 MHz (6th harm.)Multi-Harmonic Buncher is MANDATORY

A/QE/AExampleCharge stateIntensity: < 1mA142H1+225D1+31818O6+41432S8+51248Ca10+61048Ca8+78238U34+Partially funded by R&D projects at University of Huelva, SpainPre-design studies

LINCE LINAC layoutPre-design activities

Pre-design activitiesBuilding integration

C1: = 0.045, f = 72.75 MHzC2: = 0.077, f = 72.75 MHzC2: = 0.077, f = 72.75 MHzC3: = 0.15, f = 109.12 MHzRFQ f = 72.75MHzLINCE LINAC: 60 MV equivalent electrostatic acceleratorProposed layout of LINCEMHB2 f = 36.250 MHzMHB1 f = 18.125 MHzRebuncherExperimental equipment has to be defined and built- Benefit of already detectors being build at EU

FAZIA AGATA GASPARD/HYDE

- High Resolution Fragment separator: high selectivity at high intensity- High Resolution SpectrometerThe experimental equipmentOn-going actions at University of HuelvaBeam dynamics, transport to exp. lines and building integrationDesign studies of ECR, buncher, warm magnets, RFQ, SC QWR, couplers, SC magnets, and criomodules RFQ model in Al (one full section) and in Cu (one vane) + brazing testsIon source test benchModel of MH BuncherMachining and welding tests with NbParts of one QWR resonatorCryolab for cavity testing, including one multi-propose cryostatRF lab for testing resonatorsSpecific design of selected elementsIndustry & Universities Technology Transfer Project funded by National Government in Spain (5 Universities, 7 large companies, 5 small companies).Pre-design studies of LINCE General operationHost region can cover part of the personnel and the operation costsParticipating institutes can collaborate with personnel, instruments, fundsA legal framework should be defined for the full facility (International ECOS collaboration)

Estimated cost of LINACComplete LINAC accelerator with servitudes, without building and experimental facilities : 48 MEstimated operation cost : 5 M/yEU Convergence funds with help of participating Institutes

Preliminary matrix costPre-designDetailed designConstructionCommissioning

20142015201620172018201920202021Construction decisionProposed planningECOS-LINCE:Possible European Sites

SPAIN

Punta Umbra Beach Resort, 3 KmHuelva University3 Km

PARQUE CIENTFICO TECNOLGICO DE HUELVA (PCTH, Aljaraque)

European LINAC CENTER ECOS-LINCE

Superheavies

picobarn!! at relevant energies < 1 MeV, few GK Extrapolation from higher energies by using the astrophysical S(E) factor:

S(E) = (E) E exp(2)

DIRECT & INDIRECT METHODS Increase number of detected particles ( brute force: intensity, detector eff.) Reduce the background- Fight with electron screening: theory does not work!!DIRECT METHODSCoulomb dissociation: Determine the absolute S(E) factor of a radiative capture reaction A+x B+ studying the reversing photodisintegration process B+ A+x ~100 MeV/ATrojan Horse Method (THM): Determine the S(E) factor of a charged particle reaction A+xc+C selecting the Quasi Free contribution of an appropriate A+a(x+s) c+C+s reaction.INDIRECT METHODSAsymptotic Normalization Coefficients (ANC): Determine the S(0) factor of the radiative capture reaction, A+x B+ studying a peripheral transfer reaction into a bound state of the B nucleus. Astropysics- Pair correlations (nn,pp,np channels) in transfer reactions at sub-barrier energies- Charge exchange reactions- Multinucleon transfer reactions (neutron rich nuclei) and effects on induced fission and quasi fission processes- Hindrance phenomenon in sub-barrier fusion reactions

Transfer and fusion reaction studies In-flight production of exotic nuclei at reaction targetsTypical beams 40Ar ~ 14 MeV/u86Kr ~ 8.5 MeV/u84Kr ~ 10 MeV/u 136Xe ~ 7 MeV/uExotic isotope production:

Height of the Coulomb barrier ~ 4 to 5 MeV/nucleon: compound nucleus/fus.evap reactions, E ~ Eb proton rich reactions of nucleon exchange, E>> Eb neutron rich Compound nucleus/fus. evap reactions Basic mechanism for production of proton rich nucleiM. Veselsky, G.A. Souliotis, Nuclear Physics A 765 (2006) 252; A 781 (2007) 521.G.A.Souliotis et al., PRC 84, 064607 (2011); M. Veselsky,et al., Nucl. Phys. A 872 (2011) 1.Nuclear structure at low, medium and high spinNeutron rich: preferably cold processes with minimum neutron loss. Reactions of heavy ions with energies around > 10 MeV/u

Physics beyond the Standard Model

Xsections: ~nanobarn!! High intensity ion beams

Nuclear matrix elementsReliable beam dynamics with low beam losses

Calculated full transmission for H-I > 75%TRACK 3D (P. Ostroumov, A. Villari, I. Martel)Pre-design studiesHEAVY-ION SYNCHROTON:

- LINAC injection at 15 MeV/u OUTPUT: 50 MeV/u for light ion species & 200 MeV for deuterons Design study to be done

LINCE energy booster