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High Energy Density Physics related to
Inertial Fusion with Intense Ion and
Laser Beams at GSI and FAIR in Darmstadt
Dieter H.H. Hoffmann
Radiation- and Nuclear Physics
Technical University Darmstadt
HEDgeHOB Collaboration
Currently guest at : Chinese
Acad. Science, IMP, Lanzhou
IAEA Vienna March 2015 Workshop Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion
2
Topics:
Remarks on Inertial Fusion
Properties of Heavy Ion Beams
Ion Beam Plasma Interaction
Generating WARM DENSE MATTER with Ion Beams
Diagnostics: Proton Microscopy
Indirectly heated Fusion -Target
Hohlraumtarget
Surface
heating
by radiation
Compression
Ignition
Burn
RelativisticT ~ mc2
Z, Θ pinch
Tokamak
SUN
Fusion-IC
Metals
Semicond.
StellarCorona
WhiteDwarth
Jupiter
B. Dwarth
TF
Sparcarc
1023
1020
Z4
26
22
18
14
3 5 7 9
e+e- pairs
Plasmaprocessing
Debye
Big Bang
Γ ~ 1
Γ ~ 1
nλ3 ~ 1
PHASE DIAGRAM OF MATTER
1 Mb
1 Gb
1 Tb
Lg T
14
Lg
N
MHD
Ry
Γ~1000
100
Flames
Ionization
Γ~104
HE
FAIRHeavy Ion Beams
Big Bang
V.E. Fortov
The NURA Facility for HIF and HEDP Research
Control Room
Accelerator Hall
Target Fab and
Experiment Prep
Clean Room
Target Area
Clean Room
Diagnostic
Laser
Drive Laser
Compressor
From Drive Laser
NDCX-2 is 14.5m 3MeV Li+
The new NURA
beam line is ~ 12 m
long
~mm spot-size
~µm thickness
~30 nC Li at 3 MeV (NDCX-2)
~1 ns
high intensity, short
pulse ion beam
Uniform ion beam heating to create
WDM (~ 1 eV temperature)
SIS-18 FAIR(Ph-I) HIAF (V1)
E0 0.4 GeV/u 1 GeV/u 1.1 GeV/u
N 4×109 4×1011 1×1012
Etotal 0.06 kJ 15 kJ 40 kJ
Sf ~1 mm ~1 mm 1mm - 0.5 mm
τ 130 ns 50 ns 130ns - 33 ns
Es ~1 kJ/g 120 kJ/g 300 kJ/g-1.2MJ/g
Eρ 2×1010 J/m3 2.4×1012 J/m3 6×1012J/m3 -2.4×1013
J/m3
Beam Parameters
Heating Matter with Intense Ion Beams
Ne10+ beam at E0 =300MeV/u penetrating into aKr crystalIntense Pulse
of Heavy Ions
Bragg Peak
][10602.12
19
sg
J
r
N
dx
dE
EP b
b ⋅⋅
⋅
⋅== −
πτ
τρ
ρ
Pρ : Specific Deposition Power [W/g]
τb: Beam bunch length [s]
Eρ : Specific Deposition Energy [J/g]
Physics of Generating High Energy Densityin Matter with Ion Beams
HED regions of the phase diagram accessible by intense
heavy ion beams
What are the most interesting problems for the next 10 years ?What type of experiments can be done at new international facilities
Heavy ion beam can be used as an efficient diagnostic tool for HED experiments
heavy ionbeam
solid target
time-resolvingenergy loss
spectrometer
Energy Loss Dynamics (ELD)
SIS-18 heavyion beam
Target
target chamber
collimatorsfast
scintillator
streakcamera
ELD provides direct quantitative information about the physical state of the interior of the target
Ene
rgy los
s [%
]
Time [ns]
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
SESAME
ChTEOS
experiment
238U, 1.2×109
190 MeV/u }solid
Ne200
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
300 400 500 600 700 800
Ene
rgy los
s [%
]
Time [ns]
SESAMEChTEOSexperiment
238U, 1.8×108
307 MeV/u }solid
Ne
D. Varentsov et al.: Europhys. Lett. 64 (2003) 57; Laser and Part. Beams 20 (2002) 485; Nucl. Instr. Meth. B174 (2001) 215.
Verification of EOS model for neon
For HEDgeHOB experiments: main SIS-100 heating pulse (50 ns)
complementary 90º ion beam (200ns-1.4µs) from SIS-18time-resolved target density along the axis and in the transverse plane,
stopping properties of dense non-ideal plasmas
HEDP experiments with intense heavy ion beams
HHT: High energy High Temperature:
ions up to U, 50 – 450 AMeV
pulse duration 100 – 1000 ns
focal spot size 0.15 – 1.5 mm
diagnostics for intense, short ion pulses
Beams for HEDP experiments:238U73+, 350 AMeV, e-cooled
2 – 4·109 ions in 100–300 ns bunch
≤ 300 µm (FWHM) spot at the target
Solid metallic targets:
specific energy: ~ kJ/g
temperature: up to 2 eV
pressure: in multi-kbar range
PMQ parameter Value
Inner aperture, 2·Ri 15 mm
Outer dimensions, 2·Ro x L 79 x 100 mm
Internal ring magnetization 1.16 T
External ring magnetization 1.19 T
Pole tip field 1.7 T
Field non-linearity < 0.75 %
Permanent Magnetic Quadrupoles (PMQ) – designHigh Gradient Split-Pole Quadrupole
• Extremely High-Level Gradient - Maximal Demagnetization Factor
• Flexible Choice of the REPM Coercivity on Magnetization• Minimal Demagnetization in Median Planes (in Critical Spaces)
• Gradient – Fixed
Magnetic aperture diameter 40 mm
Pole tip field
1.3 T
Module length
40 mm
PRIOR: Proton Microscope at FAIR
ITEP proton microscope
QSM quadrupole
Four Modules Assembly Axis
Gradient Distribution
Blue – field simulation
Red – field measurements 1 mm1 mm