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1. Order Nuculoida: Family: Nuculidae (Palaeonucula) Family: Nuculanidae (Dacromya, Mesosacella, Nuculana, Nuculoma)
2. Order Mytiloida: Family: Mytiliidae (Modiolus, Inoperna, Lycettia)
3. Order Arcoida: Family: Grammatodonidae (Dicranodonta, Grammatodon)Family: Arcidae Arca (Eonavicula)Family: Limopsidae (Limopsis)
4. Order Pterioida:
Family: Inoceramidae (Parinoceramus) Family: Pteriidae (?Pteroperna) Family: Bakevelliidae (Gervillia, Gervillella, Aguilerella) Family: Posidoniidae (Bositra)Family: Isognomonidae (Isognomon) Family: Pinnidae (Pinna)
5. Order Limoida: Family Limidae (Ctenostreon, Plagiostoma, Pseudolimea)
6. Order Ostreoida:
Family: Ostreidae (Actinostreon, Exogyra, Nanogyra) Familie: Gryphaeidae (Gryphaea) Family: Plicatulidae (Plicatula)
7. Order Pectinoida:
Family: Pectinidae (Camptonectes, Entolium, Radulopecten)Family: Oxytomidae (Meleagrinella, Oxytoma) Familie: Buchiidae (Buchia)Family: Anomiidae (Juranomia) Familie: Terquemiidae (Placunopsis)
8. Order Trigonioida: Family: Trigoniidae (Myophorella, Trigonia, Vaugonia)
Superorder Heterodonta
9. Order Hippuritoida: Familie: Dicerocardiidae (Pseudisocardia)
10. Order Veneroida:
Family: Corbulidae (Corbulomima) Family: Lucinidae (Mesomiltha, Discomiltha)
Family: Unicardiopsidae (Unicardiopsis) Family: Quenstedtiidae (Quenstedtia)
Family: Sowerbyidae (Sowerbya) Family: Tancrediidae (Tancredia, Corbicellopsis)
Family: Cardiidae (Protocardia)
Family: Astartiidae (Coelopis, Prorokia, Neocrassina, Nicaniella, Pressastarte, Trigonastarte)
Family: Arcticidae (Anisocardia, Isocyprina)
fam. inc. sed. (Solecurtoidomya)
11. Order Modiomorphoida: Familie: Permophoridae (Myoconcha)
12. Order Myoida: Familie Gastrochaenidae (?Gastrochaena)
Superorder Anomalodesmata
13. Order Pholadomyoida:
Family: Pholadomyidae (Goniomya, Machomya, Pholadomya, Pseudoquenstedtia, Erratomya)
Family: Ceratomyidae (Gresslya) Family: Myopholadidae (Myopholas)
Family: Pleuromyidae (Pleuromya)
Family: Thraciidae (Thracia) Family: Laternulidae (Cercomya)
High Diversity Bivalve Faunas in the Middle Jurassic of the Southern Baltic SeaJens Koppka1, I. Hinz-Schallreuter2 & F.-T. Fürsich3
Fig. 2: Callovian Palaeogeography of Northern and Eastern Europe (fromKoppka 2002, modified after Grigelis & Norling 1999: plate 12) with the working areas: (1) Pommerania (Pommeranian Swell, northern part of the Middle-Polish Anticlinorium), (2) Lithuania, Latvia and the Kurian part of the Baltic Sea. Both areas delivered Middle Jurassic glacial erratic boulders to N-Germany, with the bulk coming from the Pommeranian part.
Plate 2: 1: Coelopis sp., RV, Lower Callovian, Lentschow (NE-Germany). 2 Trigonastarte sp., RV, M.Callovian, Möllenhagen, (NE-Germany). 3: Protocardia (P.) stricklandi (Morris & Lycett, 1853), LV, Upper Bathonian, Basedow (N-Germany); 4: Corbulomima attenuata (Lycett, 1863), LV, M. Callovian,Graßdorf near Leipzig (Saxony, SE-Germany); 5: Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) niyayuensis (Zakharov, 1970), RV, Upper Callovian (lamberti-Zone) or Lower Oxfordian, Papilė (Lithuania), 6: Tancredia(Isotancredia) extensa (Lycett, 1850), RV with colour preservation, koenigi-Zone, Lower Callovian,Miedzyzdroje (Isle of Wolin, NW-Poland), 7: Corbicellopsis sp., LV, coronatum-Zone, M. Callovian,Papartinė (Lithuania), 8: Tancredia (Corburella) sp., LV, coronatum-Zone, M. Callovian, Papartinė(Lithuania), 9: Solecurtoidomya senftii (Andree, 1860), RV, Greifswalder Oie (Vorpommern, NE-Germany), 10: Anisocardia (?Anisocardia) minima (J. Sowerby, 1812), LV, 10a lateral view, 10b hinge, Upper Callovian, Lukow (Poland), 11: Anisocardia (Antiquicyprina) bicarinata (Stoll, 1934), 11a RV from Mönchgut (Rügen, Vorpommern), 11b hinge of LV, Göhren (Rügen), both erratic boulders from the Middle Callovian, 12: Isocyprina (Venericyprina) lowei (Krenkel, 1915), RV & LV, M. Callovian,Göhren (Rügen, Vorpommern), 13 Sowerbya triangularis (Phillips, 1829), RV, Middle Callovian,Graßdorf near Leipzig (SE-Germany)
Fig. 3: Systematic overview about all genera known until now from the Middle Jurassic of Lithuania and from glacial erratic boulders from both Pommerania (Poland) and N-Germany
Address of the authors:1 Dipl.-Geol Jens Koppka2 Prof. Ingelore Hinz-SchallreuterErnst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Institute of Geography und Geology, Dpt. of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17a, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
In the Southern Baltic (Lithuania, southern Latvia, northern Poland, NE-Germany and parts of the Baltic Sea) shallow marine, highly fossilifereousMiddle Jurassic strata with uncommonly well-preserved shells are widely distributed but mostly covered by Creteaceous – Quaternary deposits and/or the Baltic Sea. Of the whole region, only the area of Papilė (Popilani, Lithuania) supplies good exposures of marine Middle Jurassic (see e.g.Krenkel 1915, Brinkmann 1924, Grigelis & Norling 1999). These outcrops (see Fig. 1) were studied in detail (bed by bed collection in the jason-,coronatum- and lamberti-Zones) by the first author in 2004. Another important area for bivalve studies is the border region between NW-Poland (Pommerania) and NE-Germany (Vorpommern). Apart from a glacial raft of an Upper Bajocian poorly fossilferous sandstone on the Isle of Gristow(Chrzaszczewska Wyspa near Kamien Pomorski, NW-Poland) Middle Jurassic outcrops are unknown from this region. Therefore, our knowledge about the respective marine Middle Jurassic (Bajoc-Callov) comes from boreholes and a huge amount of glacial erratic boulders (Geschiebe) as well as from few glacial rafts (now poorly exposed or lost). During the glaciation a lot of Jurassic material was eroded from the Pommeranian Swell (see fig. 2) with the erratic boulders (the majority are of Callovian age) now widely distributed in Quaternary deposits of N-Germany and NW-Poland (see Brinkmann 1924, Stoll 1934). They yield numereous extraordinarily well-preserved bivalves and other molluscs, e.g., ammonites which areimportant for biostratigraphy). Aragonite, colour and ligament preservation (see pl. 1-4) are common among many different lithotypes (e.g.,ferrugineus calcareous sandstones, iron oolites, marly limestone nodules, etc.) from the Lower Bajocian to Callovian. Current investigations refer to possible connections between extraordinary preservation, lithology and taphonomic-diagenetic processes. Quick sedimentation, high rate of subsidence and early cementation are probably the main causes for the excellent preservation in many calcareous sandstones of Pommerania. In Lithuania nearly perfectly preserved shells occur in weakly or uncemented sands which need another explanation. It might be possible that the Triassic clays together with the Upper Callovian and Oxfordian claystones in the top closed the system and protected the shells within the sands from dissolution. The frequently observed perfect, Recent-like preservation permits investigations of minute details on bivalve shells. Hinges carefully prepared (by the first author) show all details of the hinge morphology and enable to clarify taxonomic problems, especially in heterodontbivalves (see pl. 2-4). Sometimes, the bivalve shells display interesting microstructures, e.g., the fine striae on the posterior side of Isocyprina andAnisocardia (see tab. 1. fig. 9, 10, 15) or the ultrastructures of various taxa (see cross sections pl. 1, figs. 1, 3, 5, 7). Isolated material from weathered erratic boulders and samples from boreholes of Vorpommern (NE-Germany) enables ontogenetic studies. Well-preserved and isolatedprodissoconchs are fairly common in some samples.The bivalve fauna of both Pommerania and Lithuania is highly diverse; after recent investigations of the first author (Koppka 2002, 2004 & unpublished data) more than 160 bivalve species out of approximately 66 genera are known. The diversity maximum occurred in the MiddleCallovian (in Pommerania in the Jason-Zone and in Lithuania in the upper Coronatum-Zone). With 19 genera, the infaunal suspension feedingHeterodonta are the major group; typical taxa are Nicaniella, Pressastarte, Tancredia, Protocardia, Anisocardia and Isocyprina. It is noticeable that several species show a strong preference of special environments: small species of Trancredia and Nicaniella (e.g. Nicaniella polita, N. plana and N. morini) and thick shelled species of Pressastarte (Pinguiastarte) are characteristic for high-energy environments (iron-oolites and thin-bedded calcareous sandstones) deposited near-shore. Strongly inflated species of Nicaniella, e.g., Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) cordata and N. (T.)niyayuensis prefer the soft bottom substrate of the clay facies. The deposit feeding Nuculoida are also typical for clay substrates. Anomalodesmata(with 11 genera) are deep-burrowing infaunal siphonate suspensions-feeders and restricted to more stabile, only storm-affected sandy-clayey substrates. Such an environment yields the highest bivalve diversity with more than 70 species for Pommerania and > 40 taxa for Lithuania. The taxonomic work of the originally poorly known fauna is still under progress. As a first result of the investigations which focussed on Callovian Heterodonta and Anomalodesmata three new genera (Solecurtoidomya, Erratomya & Pseudoquenstedtia) and five new species from Pommeranianglacial erratic boulders were described (Koppka 2004).
Plate 3: 1a,b Pseudolimea sp.; a LV lateral; b beak with prodissoconch, coronatum-Zone, M. Callovian, Papartinė (Lithuania). 2: Meleagrinella echinata (Smith, 1817), LV, Upper Bathonian,Hohen Wangelin (Mecklenburg, N-Germany). 3, 6 Grammatodon (Gr.) minimus (Leckenby, 1859); 3a,b RV, figured as Pseudomacrodon pictum Milaschewitsch in Stoll 1934: pl. 1, fig. 2, M. Callov,Sellin (Vorpommern), 6: LV, coronatum-Zone, M. Callovian, Papartinė (Lithuania), 4: Pressastarte(Pinguiastarte) sp., RV, Lower Callovian, Lubmin (Vorpommern), 5: Pressastarte (Pressastarte)nummulina (F. Roemer, 1842), M. Callovian, Graßdorf near Leipzig (SE-Germany), 7: Limopsis cf. minima (J. de C. Sowerby, 1824), Upper Bathonian, Basedow (Mecklenburg, N-Germany).
Plate 4: 1a-b: Myopholas acuticostata (J. de C. Sowerby, 1827); a: LV; b: hinge with strong protu-berance (teeth), Middle Callovian, Panitsch near Leipzig (Saxonia, SE-Germany). 2a,b: Pseudoquen-stedtia pommerana Koppka, 2004, juvenile RV; a: lateral, b: internal, Middle Callovian, Tramm(Schleswig-Holstein, NW-Germany). 3-5: Pleuromya polonica (Laube, 1867) Middle Callovian, Göhren(Rügen, NE-Germany); 3: RV, Middle Callovian, Staber Huk (Fehmarn, Schleswig-Holstein, NW-Germany); 4: hinge of LV; 5: bivalved specimen with ligament. 6: Thracia (Thracia) depressa (J. de C. Sowerby, 1823), specimen figured in Stoll 1934: pl.2, fig. 2, Middle Callovian, erratic boulder, locality unknown (Vorpommern?). 7: Pholadomya (Pholadomya) canaliculata (A. Roemer, 1836), complete specimen, Staber Huk (Fehmarn, Schleswig-Holstein, NW-Germany). 8: Gresslya abducta (Phillips, 1829), complete specimen, figured as Gresslya striatopunctata Quenstedt in Stoll 1934: pl. 1, fig. 45, Middle Callovian, Lubmin (Vorpommern).
L 4,6 cm
Plate 1: 1-2: Cross section and LV of Nuculoma sp., Upper Bajocian, Pritzier (Vorpommern). 3-4: Trigonia sp. 3: Cross section showing two different aragonitic shell layers, 4: RV, same erratic boulder as 1; 5-6: Nicaniella(N.) cf. pulla (A. Roemer, 1836); 5: Cross section of Nicaniella and other bivalves (e.g., Nuculana, Praesacella,Gramma-todon); 6: Lateral and dorsal view of Nicaniella cf. pulla, Upper Bajocian, erratic boulder from Lubin(Lebbin), NW-Poland. 7-8: Camptonectes (C.) auritus (Schlotheim, 1813); 7: Cross section; 8: lateral and internal views of a juvenile specimen, erratic boulder, Upper Bajocian, Pritzier (Vorpommern). 9-10: Anisocardia (A.)leporina (Kloeden, 1833); 9: detail of the posterodorsal angle with fine oblique lines crossing the carina and the typical radial and concentric ornamentation of Anisocardia, Middle Callovian from Sellin (Isle of Rügen, N-Germany); 10: juvenile specimen with perfect colour preservation, Lower Callovian, from Gusow (Brandenburg, N-Germany). 11-12: Pleuromya uniformis (J. Sowerby, 1813); 11: RV with colour preservation; 12: detail of theposteroventral corner schowing the typical shell ornamentation of the species, erratic boulder from Segrahn(Schleswig-Holstein, N-Germany). 13-14: Neocrassina (Neocrassina) ovata (Smith, 1817), complete specimen with preserved ligament, Upper Middle Callovian, Papartinė (Lithuania), 15-16: Isocyprina (Venericyprina) lowei (Krenkel, 1915); 15: posteroventral angle of a RV with typical oblique striae, Isle of Rügen (Vorpommern, NE-Germany); 16: RV with colour preservation, Düttebüll (Schleswig-Holstein, N-Germany).
Fig. 1: Sands and clayey sands of the Lower Callovian (Papilė Formation) and Middle Callovian (Papartinė Formation) in the clay-pit Šaltiškiai, N-Lithuania (near Papile). The glaciotectonically deformed Callovian sands overly red triassicclays of the Nemunas-Formation, cl2a = jason-Zone, cl2b = coronatum-Zone.
Brinkmann, R. (1924): Der Dogger und Oxford deSüdbaltikums. – Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, 44 [1923]: 477-513, 16 figs.; Berlin.
Brinkmann, R. (1927): Der ostpreußisch-litauische Dogger und Unteroxford. – Schriften der Physikalischen-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg, 65 (2): 49-96, 2 figs.; Königsberg.
Grigelis, A. & Norling, E. (1999): Jurassic geology and foraminiferal faunas in the NW part of the East EuropeanPlatform. - Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ser. Ca, 89: 101p., 31 figs., 17 pl.; Uppsala.
Koppka, J. (2002): Lithologie und Fauna der Kellowaygeschiebe – Fallstudien aus Schleswig-Holstein, Vorpom-mern und dem Leipziger Raum mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Heterodonta und Anomalodes-mata (Bivalvia). – unpublished Diploma-Thesis, 191p., 61 figs., 9 pls., Apendix I-XXIV; Greifswald.
Koppka, J. (2004): Neue Bivalven (Heterodonta, Anomalodesmata) aus Kelloway-geschieben Norddeutschlands. –Archiv für Geschiebekunde, 4 (5): 233-272, 2 pl., 10 figs., 3 tab.; Greifswald.
Krenkel, E. (1915): Die Kelloway-Fauna von Popilani in Westrussland. – Palaeontographica, 61: 191-362, 26 figs., 28 pls.; Stuttgart.
Stoll, E. (1934): Die Brachiopoden und Mollusken der pommerschen Doggergeschiebe. – Abhandlungen aus dem geologisch-paläontologischen Institut der Ernst Moritz Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 13: 1-62, 2 figs., 4 tab., 3 pls.; Greifswald.
References
Address of the authors:
3 Prof. Franz Theodor Fürsich
Institute of Palaontology, Julius-Maximilians-UniversityPleicherwall, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
email:
