To ensure an adequate enforcement and liaison capability and presence is developed and maintained.

Actions

High

H.l Ensure the declaration of the coastal section of the Bunurong Marine and Coastal Park.

H.2 Finalise regulations for the control and use of the Bunurong Marine and Coastal Park

H.3 Determine a single responsible DCE management region for Bunurong.

H.4 Establish performance indicators for the park, and report on these regularly.

H.5 '1n addition to existing staff, establish one construction and maintenance position and one ranger position on a full-time basis for the Bunurong.

H.6 Employ two additional construction and maintenance workers and one interpretation and publications officer on a 30-70 per cent per annum basis, possibly seasonally.

H.7 Provide a scientific officer (SCl-2) on a full-time basis for the first 20 months to assist park staff in works program planning, provision of interpretation programs, formalisation of the Coastal Park regulations and liaison with adjacent landowners and community interest groups.

H.8 Train at least three DCE staff in small boat handling and coxswain.

Medium

M.1 Develop an annual works schedule for the park to ensure adequat�, consistent and effective enforcement of all relevant regulations and determinations.

M.2 Develop a recording system whereby patterns of use, public enquires and breaches of regulations and prosecutions are retrievable and assessed for planning of future management of the park.

M.3 Liaise with emergency services to develop appropriate marine emergency procedures and communication facilities.

M.4 Ensure staff are trained in first aid and marine search and rescue.

M.5 Provide a detailed assessment of current versus required resource allocations.

Ongoing

0.1 Ensure that rangers and enforcement staff are adequately trained in enforcement procedures.

0.2 Ensure that other management agencies are informed and involved with planning and management processes in or associated with Bunurong.

0.3 Use a variety of media and forums to explain park objectives, regulations and restrictions to community groups and the general public.

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0.4 Apply for and support grants in collaboration with community groups, individuals and institutions for funding outside annual budget applications.

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REFERENCES

Australian Bureau of Meteorology (1977). Rainfall statistics, Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Australian Committee for International Union for Conservation of Nature (1986). Australia's marine and estuarine areas - a policy for protection. Occasional Paper No. 1.

Baker-Gabb, D. (1990) List of threatened fauna in Victoria, unpublished report, Department of Conservation and Environment, Melbourne.

Bird, E.C. (1977). Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the Victorian Coastal Region. A Report on Geological and Geomorphological Aspects. Town and Country Planning Board, Victoria.

Campbell, SJ. (1989). Management of the Biological Communities Within the Proposed Bunurong Marine Park. M.Env.Sc. Thesis, Monash University, Clayton.

Campbell, SJ., Cheatley, B. & Clark, R. {1989) A proposed plan of management for the Bunurong Marine Park - a case study in the management of Marine Protected Areas. Environmental Methodology Group Project Report, M.Env.Sc., Monash University, Clayton.

Carr, G.W. (1991). New taxa in Caladenia R.Br., Chiloglottis R.Br. and Gastrodia R.Br. (Orchidaceae) from south-eastern Australia. Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association Miscellaneous Paper No. 1, 25 pp.

Carr, G.W. and Todd, JA. (1990). An assessment of significance and management of heath vegetation on sites at Cape Paterson and Wonthaggi, Victoria, with special reference to habitat of rare orchids. Report prepared for DCE.

Charles R. and Loney, J. (1989). Not Enough Grass to Feed a Single Bullock - A History of Tarwin Lower, Venus Bay and Waratah. Sentinel Times Publishing Company, Wonthaggi and Korumburra.

Council of Nature Conservation Ministers (1985). Summary Report of the Technical Workshop on Selection and Management of Marine and Estuarine Protected Areas February, 15-21, 1985, Jervis Bay. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.

Coutts, P J.F, Witter, V.C., Cochrane, R.M., and Patrick J. (1977). Sites of Scientific Interest in the Victorian Coastal Region. A Report on the Archaeological Aspects. Town and Country Planning Board, Victoria.

Department of Conservation and Environment (1990a). Proposed Management Plan Shallow Inlet Marine and Coastal Park. DCE, Victoria.

Department of Conservation and Environment (1990b). State Plan to Deal with Wildlife Affected by an Oil Spill. National Parks and Wildlife Division, DCE, Victoria.

Department of Conservation and Environment {1991a). Draft Wonthaggi Heathlands Proposed Management Plan. Dandenong Region, DCE, Victoria. Unpublished report.

Department of Conservation and Environment (1991b). Signs Manual. Working Draft. Landscape and Architectural Services, DCE, Victoria.

Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands (1987). Proposal for Establishment of the Bunurong Marine Reserve in Waters Near Inverloch, Victoria. Fisheries Division, CFL, Victoria.

Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands (1988). Victorian Whale Rescue Plan, a contingency plan for stranding of Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises) on the Victorian Coastline. Fisheries and Wildlife Service, CFL, Victoria.

62

Department of Transport and Communications (1990). National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil - Operations and Procedures Manual. Victorian Supplement. Department of Transport and Communication, Victoria.

Entwistle, T. (1991). Census of the vascular plants of Victoria Update Bulletin No. 3.4. National Herbarium, Victoria.

Garner, M. (1990). Bitumen-coated Board Walks for Subalpine Environments.Australian Ranger Bulletin No. 1: 40-41.

Government of Victoria (1988). State Environment Protection Policy Waters of Victoria No. S 13., Environment Protection Act 1970. Victorian Government Gazette, Government Printer, Melbourne.

Homer, F. (1987). The French Reconnaissance. Baudin in Australia 1801-1803. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

Jones, DJ. (1991). New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae. Australian Orchid Research 2, 208 pp.

Keough, MJ. and King, A. (1991). Recommendations for Monitoring of Marine Plant and Animal Populations in Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park and the Bunurong Marine Park. Unpublished report to DCE.

Land Conservation Council (1980). Report on the South Gippsland Study Area, District 2. Land Conservation Council, Melbourne.

Land Conservation Council (1982). Final Recommendations, South Gippsland Study Area, District 2. Land Conservation Council, Melbourne.

Le Cheminant, M. (1986). Who Discovered th� Gippsland Coast and Bass Strait? Gippsland Heritage lolfmal 1 (1): 3-8.

Loney, J. (1982). Shipwrecks and Sea Adventure Around Wilsons Promontory. Neptune Press, Belmont.

Malone, HJ. (1932). Buffalo 1894 - 1983. Incorporating a Short History of Central South Gippsland. HJ Rossiter, Leongatha.

Massola, A. (1969). Journey to Aboriginal Victoria. Rigby, Adelaide.

Point Smythe Conservation Association (1977). Inverloch Sewerage Scheme. Unpublished report.

Presland, G. (1985). The Land of the Kulin Discovering the Lost Landscape and the First People of Port Phillip. McPhee Gribble and Penguin, Australia.

Rich, T.H.V. and Rich P.V. (1989). Polar Dinosaurs and Biotas of the Early Cretaceous of South Eastern Australia. National Geographic Research 5(1): 15-53.

Scenic Spectrums Pty Ltd., Henshall Hansen Associates and School of Environmental Planning University of Melbourne (1990). Coastal Landscape Study. A Strategy Plan with Development and Design Guidelines. Shire of Woorayl, Leongatha.

State Electricity Commission of Victoria (1988). Joint Wind Monitoring Study: Final Report. State Electricity Commission of Victoria and the Solar Council.

Thomas, D. (1968). Physiography, Geology and Mineral Resources. Resources Survey - West. Gippsland Region. CPA, Melbourne.

Tindale, N.B. (1974). Aboriginal tribes of Australia. Australian National University Press, Canberra.

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Wilson, R., Poore, G.C.B. and Goman, M.F. (1983). Marine Habitats at Wilsons Promontory and the Bunurong Coast, 1982. National Museum Victoria, Melbourne.

Wilson, R., Poore, G.C.B. and Goman, M.F. (1990). Marine Habitats at Wilsons Promontory and the Bunurong Coast, Victoria: Report on a Survey. Fisheries Division, DCE. Technical Report No. 73:1-37.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This Proposed Management Plan was prepared by Anne Withell with the assistance of the Bunurong Marine and Coastal Park Working Group consisting of Ian Leversha and Kate Blood (Y arram Region), Robin Clark (Dandenong Region), Don Axlerad (Fisheries Division) and Joan Phillips and Chris Lester (National Parks and Public Land Division). The staff from the Inverloch workcentre, especially Bob Fisher and Gordon Fraser-Quick, provided valuable local information and field expertise.

The plan was based on earlier work in a group research project report by Monash University students, Stuart Campbell, Brett Cheatley and Robin Clark, as part of their Master of Environmental Science course. The project was funded by DCE and supervised by Dr Don Axelrad (Fisheries Division, DCE) and Dr Peter Cock (Monash University).

Many others have given valuable assistance; Martin Schultz, Amis Heislers, Kim Robinson and Evan Chesterfield provided assistance with natural resource information and management recommendations, staff of Dandenong Region, Y arram Region, National Parks and Public Land Division and Fisheries Division have assisted in many ways.

The expertise, concerns and enthusiasm of the local community including members of the South Gippsland Conservation Society and the Friends of Bunurong is gratefully acknowledged.

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APPENDIX 1 FLORA GUIDELINES

1.1 Vegetation map

Information required

1. Management area2. Vegetation communities3. Significant species4. Botanical interest5. Wildlife interest6. Vegetation condition7. Recreational or visitor use8. Management works9. Management problems10. Restricted areas/works

1.2 Ecological burn management area

For example

Special Habitat and Ecological Burn areas wet and dry heath, foredune, tussock unidentified rare orchid sp. Seed plant, historical Swamp Antechinus near Eagles Nest natural, minor weed, heavily infested access path, carpark vegetation rehabilitation, closure or new access erosion, verge stabilisation Archaeological or botanical significance

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1. Exclude the dry heath community from the existing caravan park (Intensive Recreationmanagement area) at Cape Paterson and incorporate into the Ecological Burn managementarea. This area should incorporate heath and adjacent scrub or tea-tree between the westside of Illawong Caravan Park and First Surf, Cape Paterson.

2. Undertake a burning regime to re-invigorate the dry heath community at Cape Paterson.Maintain a mosaic of age classes/succession communities if possible, but the total area maybe too small to manage as more than one block.

3. With the management authority for the Intensive Recreation management area requireappropriate closure of caravan and camping areas during designated burning periods so as toensure visitor safety.

4. Areas under invasion by Coast Tea-tree are a high priority.

5. Burn selected areas while Coast Tea tree capsules are green and before they take on anorange tinge as ripe capsules will aggravate the existing problem (i.e. burn approximatelybetween August and November or December).

6. Burns should be initiated in dry heath and encouraged to burn fringing Coast Tea-tree. Notethat only hot fires will burn the latter community.

7. Regenerating Coast Tea-tree can be pulled by hand and removal should be followed up,particularly after the second burn.

8. Initial fire frequency may need to be higher than for a vigorous heath. The maximum firefrequency may be influenced by species composition but should not jeopardise obligate seedregenerators. Frequency is best determined after examining the results of first burn but thesecond burn is likely to be after 5-8 years. Further periodic burns will be required every 15-25years but botanical advice should be sought.·

9. As more community vegetation information becomes available, the necessity for ecologicalburns in other dry heath areas should be considered.

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1.3 Banksia management area

1. Define boundaries for a Banksia (woodland) management area for degraded Banksiacommunities including the area on both sides of the road entering the Inverloch townshipadjacent to Flat Rocks.

2. Stocks of local provenance species should be developed using seeds or cuttings, and possiblyinvolving community groups or local nurseries.

3. Exclude vehicles from both sides of the road of the road in the management area above,except at designated parking areas (see also 4.10-H.6), for the purposes of rehabilitation ofindigenous flora.

4. Undertake limited soil analyses from areas with healthy and degraded Banksia communitiesto assist in determining the possible causes of this community's decline.

5. Prepare a plan and prescriptions to undertake revegetation and rehabilitation and re­establish a viable Banksia community. Rehabilitation will take decades; initial works shouldselect small trial areas.

6. Liaise with the Shire of Woorayl and Country Fire Authority prior to and during works.Liaison and participation of community groups in both the planning and work processes isalso essential.

7. Investigate ways to widen the narrow sections of Crown land on the northern side of road inthis management area to increase the likely success of the rehabilitation program as soilcomposition, structure and moisture, weed spread, indigenous plant health and visual amenityare effected by adjacent land use. This may include land exchange, land purchase orencouraging adjacent landowners to participate in voluntary revegetation programs.

1.4 Erosion of sand dunes

1. Allow erosion of sand dunes to proceed naturally if this is caused by natural processes andwhere facilities or adjacent freehold land are not threatened.

2. Soil and sand stabilisation east of Cape Paterson may only use indigenous species of localprovenance.

3. Stabilisation of sand dunes between Cape Paterson and Coal Point should preferentially useHairy Spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus) during the early stages of erosion caused by human andanimal impacts. Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) may be used where severe andthreatening erosion occurs. Both primary stabilisers should be seeded initially with secondarystabilisers, particularly Coast Acacia (Acacia sophorae).

1.5 Vegetation rehabilitation

1. Prepare prescriptions for the conservation of vegetation, and for rehabilitation orregeneration, prior to undertaking management works.

2. Encourage natural regeneration of native species in rehabilitation programs, for instanceundertaking works on a seasonally pre-determined basis. Supplement as necessary withindigenous species by tube stock grown from local provenance seed, cuttings or other plantpropagules.

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3. Some suitable indigenous species for rehabilitation programs in the park and for planting onadjacent land may include:

Large Trees Coast Banksia Coastal Manna Messmate

Small Trees / Large Shrubs Bursaria Coast Beard-heath Coast Wattle Common Boobialla Scented Paperbark Swamp Paperbark Sweet Wattle

Shrubs, Coast Daisy-bush Common Beard-heath Dagger Hakea Golden Spray Green Sheoke Prickly Geebung Prickly Moses Rosemary Everlasting Scrub Sheoke Showy Bossiaea Silver Banksia Smooth Parrot-pea Spike Beard-heath Tree Everlasting Twiggy Daisy-bush White Correa Yellow Hakea

Creepers Bower Spinach Common Appleberry Scrambling Coral-fem Small-leaved Clematis

Groundcover Blue Tussock-grass Blunt-leaf-heath Common F1at-pea Common Heath Common Tussock-grass Hairy Spinifex Ivy-leaf Violet Kangaroo Grass Ldng Purple-flag Pink Bells Running Postman Short Purple-flag Slender Tussock-grass Spiny-headed Mat-lily Spreading Guinea-flower Tall Yellow-eye

Banksia integrif olia Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus obliqua

Bursaria spinosa Leucopogon parviflorus Acacia sophorae Myoporum insulare Melaleuca squan-osa Melaleuca ericifolia Acacia suaveolens

Olearia axillaris Leucopogon virgatus Hakea teretifolia Viminaria juncea Allocasuarina paradoxa Persoonia juniperina Acacia verticil/ata var ovoidea & verticillata Helich,ysum rosmarinifolium Al/ocasuarina paludosa Bossiaea cinerea Banksia marginata Dillwynia glaberrima Leucopogon australis He/ich,ysum dendroideum Olearia ramulosa Co"ea alba Hakea nodosa

Tetragonia implexicoma Billardia scandens Gleichenia microphylla Clematis microphylla

Poa poifonnis Epacris obtusifolia Platylobium obtusangulum Epacris impressa Poa labillardieri Spinifex sericeus Viola hederacea Themeda triandra Patersonia occidentalis Tetratheca ciliata Kennedia prostrata Patersonia fragilis Poa tenera Lomandra longifolia Hibbertia procumbens Xyris operculata

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Note: these plants have different growth requirements (e.g. moist, dry, sheltered), grow to different heights and have different applications (e.g. garden, screening, ground cover). Some are also easier to grow from seed' or cuttings, have quicker growth rates or are more hardy than others. Refer to plant books and examine the habitat where these species exist in the park to determine their suitability for different projects.

4. Weeds should be removed prior to initiating revegetation works and an ongoing program ofweed control undertaken until the indigenous species have become established.

5. Coastal Tea-tree should not be used in revegetation or screening works in Bunurong as thisspecies has the potential to become virtually a monoculture in many areas of the park. Therelative vigour of this species may have been increased by the reduced vigour of otherindigenous species caused by activities such as grazing, clearing and spread of weed species,and by reduced frequency of fire which may have previously partially controlled the spread ofCoast Tea-tree. Due to the small area of remnant vegetation, other species and communitiesmay become locally extinct if Coast Tea-tree is allowed or encouraged to spread unchecked.

Appendix 1.6 Weed control specifications and priorities

1. Map approximate distribution and abundance of each weed species.

2. Define management objectives (i.e. control, eradication) and management techniques to beused.

3. Consider the impact of previous and anticipated management actions, especially those thatincrease the potential for spread of weeds.

4. Prepare a list of possible works programs and determine the time and human resources andcost considerations for each particular program.

5. Using the above information, prepare an annual list of relative works priorities for each weedspecies by area. Priorities should include targeting least affected vegetation communities andsmall, viable outbreaks of individual weed species first. Other factors to be considered arethe cause and likely reoccurrence of the weed outbreak, their (potential) rate of spread, andthreat to indigenous flora and fauna.

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BUNURONG MARINE AND COASTAL PARK

Figure 4 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREAS AND VISITOR FACILITIES

FACILITIES RECOMMENDED ACTIVITY SITES

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Locality

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To Won1haggi

To Wonlhaggi

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Seawan .!!'I ---

BASS STRAIT

SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES 1 Western Special Habitat Area 2 Eastern Special Habitat Area 3 Ecological Burn Area 4 Banksia Management Area 5 Intensive Recreation Area

Car parking � Surfing beachToilets � Swimming beachPicnic areas (iii Diving locationsPlayground [ii Lookout point

Boat ramps Caravan parks

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kilomelres

0.5 1 1.5 2

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PARK ZONES

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