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8/14/2019 Hi, You'Re Maintaining the Ftp Sites, Yes? Here's the Most

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Hi, you're maintaining the ftp sites, yes?

Here's the most recent L-faq, with some typos fixed, an extra quoteaded to theflashbacks section.

Cheers,DH

--------------Editor: D. A. Honig ([email protected])Last Update: 21 Feb 92Subject: LSD

FORMATTING INFO:topic break: ******************************within-topic break: ..............................

[This FAQ provided to reduce net bandwidth, as an informational resource only.]

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CONTENTS:

LSD (definition, introduction)Delysid (medical fact sheet for pharmaceutical LSD) (pharmacology)

CAUTIONS, REAL AND IMAGINEDADDICTION POTENTIAL (none)ADULTERANTS (including the strychnine myth, manufacturing impurities, etc.)BAD TRIPS (what they are, how to avoid, what to do)MYTHS (stamps for children, staring at the sun..)DANGERS (LSD isn't for morons...)FLASHBACKS (what they are ---post-traumatic stress syndrome)INSOMNIA (common, what to do)

TOLERANCE (aquired and lost quickly (3 days) harmlessly, no withdrawal)

BACKROUNDANTHROPOLOGY (and history)BOTANY (sources in nature)CHEMISTRY (structure)MECHANISM OF ACTION (uncertain)RELATED COMPOUNDS (psilocybin in mushrooms, ergot alkaloids in morning glories)MANUFACTURE (forget it)

DRUG TESTING (don't worry)LEGAL SCHEDULING (sched. 1, no medical uses in US (despite past effective use))

PRAGMATICSSET and SETTING (how to have a good time; lsd ain't beer)STORAGE (keep in a cool dark dry place)SYNERGIES, BAD COMBINATIONS (cannabis is good, otherwise be careful)

REFERENCES & FURTHER READINGBEST: _Psychedelic Encyclopedia_ by Peter Stafford

_LSD: My Problem Child_ by Albert Hofmann_ Licit & Illicit Drugs_ (Consumer Reports)_Storming heaven : LSD and the American dream_ by Jay Stevens



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LSDGeneric name for the hallucinogen lysergic aciddiethylamide-25. Discovered by Dr. Albert Hofmann in 1938, LSD is oneof the most potent mind-altering chemicals known. A white, odorless

powder usually taken orally, its effects are highly variable and beginwithin one hour and generally last 8-12 hours, gradually tapering off.It has been used experimentally in the treatment of alcoholics andpsychiatric patients. [Where it showed some success.] Itsignificantly alters perception, mood, andpsychological processes, and can impair motor coordination and skills.During the 1950s and early 1960s, LSD experimentation was legallyconducted by psychiatrists and others in the health and mental healthprofessions. Sometimes dramatic, unpleasant psychological reactionsoccur, including panic, great confusion, and anxiety. Stronglyaffected by SET and SETTING. Classification: hallucinogens. Slangnames: acid, sugar. See also appendix B. (RIS 27:211-52 entries)

-- Research Issues 26, Guide to Drug Abuse Research Terminology,available from NIDA or the GPO, page 54.

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Common Drug Slang Terms (NB: many of these refer to the carrier, ie, "Blotter"or "Sugar Cubes". Often the local names will refer to patterns printedon the blotter, eg, "Blue unicorn".):

Acid, 'Cid, Sid, Bart Simpsons, Barrels, Tabs, Blotter, Heavenly blue,"L", Liquid, Liquid A, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, Microdots,Mind detergent, Orange cubes, Orange micro, Owsley, Hits,Paper acid, Sacrament, Sandoz, Sugar, Sugar lumps,

Sunshine, Tabs, Ticket, Twenty-five, Wedding bells, Windowpane,etc.

..............................

from the data sheet accompanying product:(see also Physician's Desk Reference from mid-60's)

Delysid (LSD 25)

D-lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate

Sugar-coated tablets containing 0.025 mg. (25 ug.)

Ampoules of 1 ml. containing 0.1 mg. (100 ug.) for oraladministration.

The solution may also be injected s.c. or i.v. Theeffect is identical with that of oral administration butsets in more rapidly.

PROPERTIES



The administration of very small doses of Delysid(1/2-2 ug./kg. body weight) results in transitory distur-bances of affect, hallucinations, depersonalization, reliv-ing of repressed memories, and mild neuro-vegetative symp-toms. The effect sets in after 30 to 90 minutes and gen-erally lasts 5 to 12 hours. However, intermittent distur-bances of affect may occasionally persist for several days.

METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION

For oral administration the contents of 1 ampoule ofDelysid are diluted with distilled water, a 1% solution oftartaric acid or halogen-free tap water.

The absorption of the solution is somewhat more rapidand more constant that that of the tablets.

Ampoules which have not been opened, which have beenprotected against light and stored in a cool place arestable for an unlimited period. Ampoules which have been

opened or diluted solutions retain their effectiveness for 1to 2 days, if stored in a refrigerator.

INDICATIONS AND DOSAGE

a) Analytical psychotherapy, to elicit release ofrepressed material and provide mental relaxation, par-ticularly in anxiety states and obsessional neuroses.The initial dose is 25 ug. (1/4 of an ampoule or 1tablet). This dose is increased at each treatment by25 ug. until the optimum dose (usually between 50 and200 ug.) is found. The individual treatments are bestgiven at intervals of one week.

b) Experimental studies on the nature of psychoses: Bytaking Delysid himself, the psychiatrist is able togain an insight in the world of ideas and sensations ofmental patients. Delysid can also be used to inducedmodel psychoses of short duration in normal subjects,this facilitating studies on the pathogenesis of mentaldisease.

In normal subjects, doses of 25 to 75 ug. are generallysufficient to produce a hallucinatory psychosis (on anaverage 1 ug./kg. body weight). In certain forms ofpsychosis and in chronic alcoholism, higher doses are

necessary (2 to 4 ug./kg. body weight).

PRECAUTIONS

Pathological mental conditions may be intensified byDelysid. Particular caution is necessary in subjects with asuicidal tendency and in those cases where a psychoticdevelopment appears imminent. The psycho-affective labilityand the tendency to commit impulsive acts may occasionallylast for some days.



Delysid should only be administered under strict medi-cal supervision. The supervision should not be discontinueduntil the effects of the drug have completely worn off.

ANTIDOTE

The mental effects of Delysid can be rapidly reversedby the i.m. administration of 50 mg. chlorpromazine.

Literature available on request.

SANDOZ LTD., BASLE, SWITZERLAND

9792*-Z1540 e.-sp./d.-fr.Printed in Switzerland.

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From: An Introduction to Pharmacology 3rd edition, JJ Lewis, 1964 (p 385)

Peripheral Actions

These include an oxytocic action and constriction of the blood vesselsof isolated vascular beds. In intact animals LSD causes a fall inblood pressure, but its adrenergic blocking potency is low.

LSD causes mydriasis in man and other species. It also causeshyperglycaemia and mydriasis, has a hyperthermic action and causespiloerection. These effects are sympathetic in nature and areabolished by ganglion blocking or adrenergic blocking agents.Parasympathetic effects include salivation, lachyrmation, vomiting,hypotension, and brachycardia. Low doses stimulate respiration butlarger doses depress it.

(nb: mydriasis = pupillary dilation)..............................

Hoffman thought the diethylamide version of the lysergic acid moleculemight be a respiratory stimulant...

..............................

The "speedy" quality of unadulterated LSD is due to the pharmacologicalactions of LSD itself, and not necessarily due to decomposition or impurities.LSD typically causes early adrenergic effects such as sweating, nervousness,jaw grinding and insomnia which are easily confused with the side effectsof amphetamine.

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ADDICTION POTENTIAL:

Zero physical addiction potential. Not something that makes you want todo it again immediately. Rarely people use it to escape in a negativeway or as part of "polydrug abuse" behavior or pattern of behavior.

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ADULTERANTS:

Several problems are associated with street drugs: their unknownpurity and their unknown strength. Because of its extreme cheapnessand potency, the purity of LSD in blotter form is not an issue: eitherit's lsd or untreated paper. The purity of powders, pills, and liquidscannot be assumed as safe. With regards to uncertain strength, thestrength of hits these days is low, 100 micrograms or so. One should

be careful and assume that the smallest square in a tiling of a sheetis a dose, even if a printed pattern covers several. An experiencedperson could judge the strength of a dose, and if it is assumed alldoses on a sheet have been processed equivalently, those doses wouldbe calibrated for others, much like anything else.

..............................

>From _Psychedelic Chemistry_ by M.V.Smith, 2nd edition p 5:

"There is a great deal of superstition regarding purification ofpsychedelics. Actually, any impurities which may be present as aresult of synthetic procedures will almost certainly be without any

effect on the trip. If there are 200 micrograms of LSD in a tablet,there could only be 200 mics of impurities present even if the LSD wasoriginally only 50% pure (assuming nothing else has been added), andfew compounds will produce a significant effect until a hundred to athousand times this amount has been ingested. Even mescaline, whichhas a rather specific psychedelic effect, requires about a thousandthimes this amount."

..............................

Note that: 1) on a piece of paper, vs. a tablet, you can't even addsignificant amounts of adulterants 2) adulterants would cost, whereasblank paper will rip someone off just as well.

LSD itself has some "body-kinks" on some people some times. nausea isone of them. its usually mild and transient. it also has speedlike(ie, adrenergic stimulation) effects, etc.

..............................

[Referring to strychnine] 15 mg has been fatal, but a more typical fataldose is on the order of 50mg. [Another post indicates 25 mg. as the LD50] 1mg of strychnine orally probably has no observable pharmacological effectsin a typical adult. [1 mg being ten times the effective dose of LSD, by theway.]

Actually, I think the fact that PharmChem analyzed something on the order of2,000 LSD samples between 1972 and 1979 and never found one with strychninein it would be better. I'm going over all their data with a toothpick andI'll get back to you on exactly what I find. It looks like the percent ofLSD with strychnine in it is, however, at least under .05%. More a littlelater.

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>From "The PharmChem Newsletter" (vol 3, no 3), 1973:

Summary of Street Drug Results - 1973: "Of 189 samples of LSD quantitativelyanalyzed, the average dose was 67.25ug LSD. Of the 32 samples of allegedmescaline actually containing mescaline, [...stuff about mescaline andmushrooms deleted...] It is interesting to note the low incidence ofdeception among the less sought after psychotomimetics LSD and PCP."

..............................

This is the PharmChem analysis of LSD from 1972 (vol 1, no 1) up to the timethat the DEA no longer allowed them to make quantitative measurements (1974-vol 3, no 2 included). NOTE: NO STRYCHNINE! also note that PharmChem founda sample of Shrooms contaminated with Strychnine in 1972 (vol 1, no 7), andI would think it safe to assume that they also checked LSD for Strychnine.

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BAD TRIPS:

A person on LSD who becomes depressed, agitated, or confused mayexperience these feelings in an overwhelming manner that grows onitself. The best solution is to remove disturbing influences, get toa safe, comforting environment, and reassure the tripper that thingsare alright. It may comfort those who fear that they are losing theirminds to be reminded that it will end in several hours.

Authorities are fond of administering injections of anti-psychoticdrugs. Recovery in the presence of authorities, in hospitals orpolice stations, is not pleasant. Sedatives or tranquilizers such asValium may help reduce panic and anxiety, but the best solution iscalm talking. Some claim that niacin (an over the counter vitaminsupplement) can abort a trip, but this may be due to a placebo effect

(niacin produces a flushing effect).

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MYTHS:

LSD does not form "crystals" that reside in the body to be "dislodged"later, causing flashbacks. LSD is a crystalline solid (though it isunlikely that one would ever have enough to be visible to the nakedeye) but it is easily water soluble, thus cannot form bodilydeposits. Furthermore, it is metabolized and excreted in hours. Thebogus "loosened crystal" description in not necessary to explainflashbacks, which are psychological phenomena (see FLASHBACKS).

LSD does not cause chromosome damage.

In Science 30 April 1972, Volume 172 Number 3982 p. 431-440 there was anarticle by Norman I. Dishotsky, William D. Loughman, Robert E. Mogar andWendell R. Lipscomb titled "LSD and Genetic Damage - Is LSD chromosomedamaging, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic?". They reviewed 68studies and case reports published 1967-1972, concluding "From our ownwork and from a review of literature, we believe that pure LSD ingestedin moderate doses does not damage chromosomes in vivo, does not causedetectable genetic damage, and is not a teratogen or carcinogen in man."



Well, there's the study by Sidney Cohen which was cited hererecently, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 130, 1960. Thefollowing is from Jay Stevens' Storming Heaven: "Cohen surveyed a sampleof five thousand individuals who had taken LSD twenty-five thousandtimes. He found and average of 1.8 psychotic episodes per thousandingestions, 1.2 attempted suicides, and 0.4 completed suicides.'Considering the enormous scope of the psychic responses it induces,'

he concluded, 'LSD is an astonishingly safe drug.'"

Some urban legends: I've heard two "stories" about people blindingthemselves on "drugs". One was revealed as a hoax by the person whoperpetrated it (apparently it was intended to "illustrate" the dangersof LSD), another is trotted out by anti-drug speakers at high schools:

1) Seven people on LSD stared at the sun and lost 90% of their readingvision.

2) A teenager arrested while on LSD plucked out his eyeballs in hisjail cell, and felt no pain.

While these are bogus, the drug has powerful effects on the mindand the consumer should be aware of the hazards, and act appropriately.

..............................

There is an occasionally circulated fake warning from some police departmentabout LSD-laced "tattoos" or stickers (the "blue star tattoo" story) beinggiven to children. This probably originated with some hick cop or ignorantand panicky parent not understanding some children-cartoon (eg, mickey mousein sorcerer's garb) printed on a sheet of blotter.

..............................

See also myths about testing in DRUG TESTING

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DANGERS:

Purely psychological hazards, not harmful to body. May release latentpsychosis or exacerbate depression, leading to irrational behavior. Thereis also a danger of foolish or incautious behavior, e.g, misjudgingdistances or thinking one can fly. Physical overdose is not a hazard,though one may easily ingest more than one may be able to handle

psychologically.

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Because the "LSD psychosis" is not distinguishable from non-drug-induced psychosis, we have reasonable evidence to conclude that LSDwas not the sole cause of psychosis. Instead, it would seem that thedrug brought on the problems in vulnerable individuals.Interestingly, the rate of parental alcoholism was found to be muchhigher in LSD patients than in other patients or in the generalpopulation by one study (Vardy and Kay, Arch-Gen-Psych, 1983 40(8):



877-83).

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Lethal (toxic) doses of LSD are conservatively several tens ofthousands of times as much as a normal dose, making it (in the toxicsense) one of the safest drugs known. See section on Pharmacology fordescription of bodily side-effects.

The LD50 for psilocybin (active ingredient in mushrooms) is 275 mg/kgi.v. in mice. Of course, it would take lots more p.o. to kill someone.

The reported LD50 values for LSD are 46, 16.5, 0.3 mg/kg I.V. for mice,rats, and rabbits, respectively. Again, it's hard to accurately translatethese numbers to oral values.

Note that an average human dose is 0.001 mg/kg, ie, 1 microgram/kg, ie,1 part per billion by weight.

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Never take any drugs while pregnant.

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FLASHBACKS:

Quoted without permission from 'Licit and Illicit Drugs,' written byEdward M. Brecher and the editors of Consumer Reports. ISBN: 0-316-15340-0

A simple explanation of LSD flashbacks, and of their changed characterafter 1967, is available. According to this theory, almost everybodysuffers flashbacks with or without LSD. Any intense emotionalexperience--the death of a loved one, the moment of discovery that one is in

love, the moment of an automobile smashup or of a narrow escape from asmashup--may subsequently and unexpectedly return vividly to consciousnessweeks or months later. Since the LSD trip is often an intense emotionalexperience, it is hardly surprising that it may similarly "flash back."

<end quote>

"Post-traumatic stress disorder has been commonly associated with warveterans, but it also affects victims of disasters and violence... Expertsestimate that 1% of the population suffers from the disorder."---LA Times, Feb 18 1992, p A3, "Journey For Better Life Hell For Some Women."

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INSOMNIA:

Insomnia occurs frequently after the trip. A mild, over-the-countersleeping aid can help, and these antihistamines do not produce adverseinteractions. Also, some people like to consume a small amount of alcoholicbeverage to "smooth the jitteries". The usual precautions about sleepingaids if alcohol has been consumed apply of course.



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TOLERANCE:

Aquired rapidly, within 3 days. Tolerance dissipates equally rapidly,without withdrawal, craving, or symptoms of addiction.

Cross-tolerance can and is developed between other indole hallucinogens, eg,

DMT, LSD and Psilocybin.

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BOTANY:

"Indole Alkaloids In Plant Hallucinogens" Richard Evans Schultes, PhD.Journal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol.8(No.1) Jan-Mar 1976 "The main constituent of the seeds of Rivea corymbosa is ergine or d-lysergicacid amide. Minor alkaloids present are the related d-isolysergic acid amide(isoergine), chanoclavine, elymoclavine and lysergol. The seeds of Ipomoeaviolacea have a similar composition, but instead of lysergol, they have

ergometrine (ergonovine). Later, very minor amounts of two alkaloidsergometrinine and penniclavine - were found in I. violacea by chromatography.the total alkaloid content of the seeds of Ipomoea viloacea is approximatelyfive times as great as that of the seeds of Rivea corymbosa: 0.06% in theformer; 0.012% in the latter. This difference in the alkaloid contentexplains why Indians employ smaller doses of seeds of the Ipomoea than of theRivea.

"Ethnopharmacology and Taxonomy of Mexican Psychodysleptic Plants"Jose Luis Diaz M.D.Journal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol. 11(1-2) Jan-Jun 1979 Seeds of various Morning Glories contain

Ergolines: ergine,isoergine,ergonovineGlucosides: turbicoryn [apparently in Rivea corymbosa only] called Tlitlitzen (Aztec word for "The Divine Black One")to the Aztecs, Black is a "hot" color,a property of psychotropics associated with light ..............................

"The Botanical and Chemical Distribution of Hallucinogens"Richard Evans Schultes, PhD.Journal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol.9(No.3) Jul-Sep 1977

"I. violacea, often referred to by it's synonyms I. rubro-caerulea andI. tricolor, is represented in horticulture by a number of "varieties,"such as: Heavenly Blue, Pearly Gates, Flying Saucers, Wedding Bells,Summer Skies, and Blue Stars - all of which contain the hallucinogenicergot alkaloids."

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"Burger's Medicinal Chemistry" Fourth Edition, Volume IIIChapter: "Hallucinogens" Alexander Shulgin



Composition, % of total alkaloids present=========================================

Compound R. corymbosa I. violacea=============== ================ ======================Ergine (LA-111) 54, 48 58, 10-16, 5-10Isoergine 17, 35 8, 18-26, 9-17Ergometrine 8Elymoclavine 4 4

Chanoclavine 4 4Lysergol 4 Total Alkaloids .012, .04 .06, .04-.08, .02-.04(% of dry weightof seeds)

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ANTHROPOLOGY:

_The Road to Eleusius_ by Hoffman, Wasson, and Ruck.

Summary: A secret religion existed for 2,000 years in Greece (untilthe christians displaced it around 400 AD). The initiation was opento anyone who spoke Greek and hadn't committed murder, once in theirlife. After 6 month long preparatory rituals, members walked toEleusius whereupon they underwent secret rituals. The ritualsremained secret until the 1970's.

Wasson, an ethnomycological scholar and former banker (and the firstwhite to trip on shrooms with the mexican indians) proposed thefollowing explanation of the Eleusian mysteries to Hoffman, an

ergot-alkaloid expert chemist, and Ruck, a greek scholar:

The Secret of the ritual involved the personal visions induced bydrinking the grain decoction administered to the initiates. Thedomestication of grains permitted the development of greekcivilization; it also brought ergot fungus (of St. Anthony's fireinfamy).

The thin book contains their argument for the use of the ergot fungusin Eleusian rites, Wasson providing some background on the use ofmushrooms and grains and their role in the culture; Hoffman on thepsychoactivity of ergot strains; and Ruck on the mythological andcultural backround of the sect.

Evidence includes: Hoffman dosed himself with large (ergot-derived)doses of obstetric compounds to assay their hallucinogenic potential,and found them to possess such activity. The Eleusian temple site stillremains, but there is no room to view theatric performances, just rows oftripping initiates, further supporting their argument.

An interesting read, and its neat to think that the culture thatmore or less lead to the western industrial one had psychedelic rites.(Various greek prominant figures attended the rituals, including Plato).



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IPOMOEA PURPUREA: A NATURALLY OCCURRING PSYCHEDELIC

Charles Savage, Willis W. Harman and James Fadiman

>From "Altered States of Consciousness, A Book of Readings"

edited by Charles Tart BF311.T28

Of the naturally occurring plant alkaloids used in ancient and modernreligious rites and divination one of the least studied is ololiuqui. Theearliest known description of its use is by Hernandez, the King of Spain'spersonal physician, who spent a number of years in Mexico studying themedicinal plants of the Indians and "accurately illustrated ololiuqui as amorning glory in his work which was not published until 1651" (Schultes,1960). In his words, "When a person takes ololiuqui, in a short time he losesclear reasoning because of the strength of the seed, and he believes he is incommunion with the devil" (Alacon, 1945). Schultes (1941) and Wasson (1961)have reported in detail on the religious and divinatory use of two kinds ofmorning-glory seeds, Rivea corymbosa and Ipomoea violacea, among the Mazatec

and Zapotec indians. The first of these is assumed to be the ololiuqui of theancient Aztecs.

In 1955 Osmond described personal experiments with Rivea corymbosa seeds andreported that the effects were similar to those of d-lysergic aciddiethylamide (LSD-25). He suggested (1957) that the word psychedelic (meaningmind-manifesting) be used as a generic term for this class of substances torefer to their consciousness-expanding and psychotherapeutic function ascontrasted with the hallucinogenic aspect. In 1960 Hoffman reported that hehad isolated d-lysergic acid amide (LA) and d-isolysergic acid amide from theseed of both Rivea corymbosa and Ipomoea violacea. LA is very similar to LSDin its psychological and physiological manifestations but is reported to haveabout one twentieth the psychological effectiveness of LSD (Cerletti &

Doepfner, 1958).

The work of these investigators led us to a preliminary study of thepsychedelic properties of species of Ipomoea which are commonly found withinthe continental United States. The seeds of Ipomoea purpurea, the commonclimbing morning glory, resemble the seeds of Ipomoea violacea and have beenfound to have similar psychedelic properties. Recent analysis by Taber et al.(1963) has verified that LA is present in the varieties used and is probablythe primary active agent.

The effects of the seeds of Ipomoea purpurea (varieties Heavenly Blue andPearly Gates) in a total of 45 cases are summarized below. The subjects areall normally functioning adults and the majority had previous experience with

LSD. The onset of effects is about half an hour after the seeds have beenchewed and swallowed and they last from five to eight hours.

Low Dose, 20-50 Seeds (11 Subjects)

This dosage rarely produces any visual distortions, although with eyesclosed there may be beginning imagery. Restlessness, evidenced by alternatingperiods of pacing about and lying down, may be present. There tends to be aheightened awareness of objects and of nature, and enhanced rapport withother persons. A feeling of emotional clarity and of relaxation is likely to



persist for several hours after other effects are no longer noticeable.

Medium Dose, 100-150 Seeds (22 Subjects)

In this range the effects resemble those reported for medium-dose (75-150micrograms) LSD experiences, including spatial distortions, visual andauditory hallucinations, intense imagery with eyes closed, synaesthesia andmood elevation. These effects, which occur mainly during the period of 1 to 4

hours after ingestion, are typically followed by a period of alert calmnesswhich may last until the subject goes to sleep.

High Dose, 200-500 Seeds (12 Subjects)

In this range the first few hours may resemble the medium-dose effectsdescribed above. However, there is usually a period during which thesubjective states are of a sort not describable in terms of images ordistortions, states characterized by loss of ego boundaries coupled withfeelings of euphoria and philosophical insight. These seem to parallel thepublished descriptions of experiences with high doses (200-500 micrograms) ofLSD given in a supportive, therapeutic setting as reported by Sherwood et al.(1962).

All the subjects who had previous experience with LSD claimed the effects ofthe seeds were similar to those of LSD. Transient nausea was the mostcommonly reported side effect, beginning about one half hour after ingestionand lasting a few minutes to several hours. Other reported side effects notcommonly found with LSD were a drowsiness or torpor (possibly due to aglucoside also present in the seeds) and a coldness in the extremitiessuggesting that the ergine content of the seeds may be causing some vascularconstriction. (If this is the case, there may be some danger of ergotpoisoning resulting from excessive dosages of the seeds.) The only untowardpsychic effect was a prolonged (eight hours) disassociative reaction whichwas terminate with chlorpromazine [Thorazine]. The possibility of prolongedadverse reactions to the psychological effects of the seeds is essentially

the same as with LSD, and the same precautions should be observed (Cohen &Ditman, 1963).

..............................

IPOMOEA.003 7-MAY-90

Additional Notes:Ipomoea purpurea is sold as the "Heavenly Blue" variety of morning glory."Ipomoea tricolor" is the trade name used for that variety. It is identicalwith the species of morning glory described above.

The seeds must be chewed or ground in order to be effective. Soaking the

ground seeds in water for several hours, filtering out the grounds,and then drinking only the water portion of the mixture can reducesome of the stomach-upset symptoms if such occur.

Unpleasant LSD and morning glory trips can be smoothed out or evenstopped by taking niacin (in the form of nicotinic acid, vitamin B-3 or"niacin"). Vitamin C has been shown to reduce the incidence of paranoia andprevent depletion of the vitamin from the adrenal glands during LSD trips.

There have been reports that commercially available packets of morningglory seeds from some distributors are coated with fungicides or



other chemicals to increase shelf life or discourage the practiceof eating them. Seeds from plants grown in one's own garden willbe safe as long as you do not spray them with insecticides.

The last few notes about Niacin and Vitamin C are based ona paperback edition of Hoffer & Osmonds "The Psychedelics"

It's pretty clear that the latin names of this plant are somewhat

confused (which is typical). Ipomoea purpurea, Ipomoea tricolor,Ipomoea violacea and Ipomoea rubro-caerulea are all the same plant.

The other variety of morning glory, "Ololiuhqui" has at least twoLatin names as well: Rivea corymbosa, and Turbina corymbosa.

..............................

"Recreational use of Ergoline Alkaloids from Argyreia Nervosa"William E. ShawcrossJournal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol. 15(4) Oct-Dec 1983

CHEMISTRY AND EFFECT OF THE SEEDS

The Hawaiian baby woodrose entered the drug scene in 1965 with thepublication of a paper in "Science" entitled "Ergoline Alkaloids in TropicalWood Roses" by Hylin and Watson. The wide circulation of this journal assuredthorough dissemination of the information they presented. They wrote, "Thepossible health and legal problems associated with the presence of similarcompounds in commercially cultivated plants led us to examine the ornamentalwood roses, Ipomoea tuberosa and Argyreia nervosa, both common Hawaiian cropsthat have assumed commerical importance as components of [the] dried tropicalflower industry." Comparing the seeds of these two plants with those of themorning glory varieties Pearly Gates and Heavenly Blue, they found thefollowing yield of alkaloids (mg of alkaloid/g of seed material):

Heavenly Blue 0.813

Pearly Gates 0.423I. tuberosa [None]A. nervosa 3.050

The seed of A. nervosa is the best plant source of ergoline alkaloidsdiscovered; it contains approximately 3 mg of alkaloidal material per gram ofseed. Approximately one-eighth of this is lysergamide.

Hylin and Watson found the major alkaloidal constituents in A. nervosa seeds tobe ergine (780 mcg/g of fresh seed) and isoergine and penniclavine (555 mcg).

[Note: Argyreia nervosa has NO history of shamanic use as a hallucinogen]

This is an excerpt from the article cited.There's no record of Argyreia being used as an hallucinogen inIndia, but it was used externally as some kind of skin medicine.There's been speculation that Argyreia might have been a componentof "Soma", but there's no evidence for that, apparently.Because there's not a long history of human usage of Argyreia,it may be that there are glycosides not mentioned here thattake effect at higher doses or might cause stomach upset, tachycardiaetc. The article mentioned intestinal complaints in one or twocases at higher experimental doses.



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CHEMISTRY:

lysergic acid diethylamide _is_ lysergic acid diethylamide (or...N,N-diethyl-D-lysergamide or...9,10-Didehydo-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8B-carboxamide).

Only one stereoisomer (the d-) is psychoactive. Thus, racemic (l/d 50-50 mix)lsd shows half the potency of the dextro form. In synthesis it is possibleto recover the l-form for the lysergic acid.

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is LSD rather than LAD because the German wordfor acid is saeure (sp).

LSD-25 Lysergic acid

O CH2-CH3 O|| / |||| / ||-C--N C---OH| \ || \ ||___ CH2-CH3 |___

/ \ / \/ \ / \

<< N---CH3 << N---CH3\\ / \\ /\\____/ \\____/

/ \ / \/ \ / \< > < >

// \ / // \ /// \_____/ // \_____/| || || | || ||| || || | || ||| || || | || ||\\ /\ / \\ /\ /\\ / \ / \\ / \ /

N NH H

Ergot is a product of the fungus Claviceps purpurea. The bio-activeingredients of ergot are all derivatives of lysergic acid. LSD is asemisynthetic derivative of lysergic acid. Thus LSD is an"ergot"-like substance.

******************************

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

(Note: the mechanism of action of LSD and other psychedelics is uncertain.)



>From a chapter titled Hallucinogens and Other Psychotomimetics: BiologicalMechanisms by S.J.Watson

"The current thesis of the effect of indole hallucinogens on5-hydroxytrypamine might be stated as follows: LSD acts to preferentiallyinhibit serotonergic cell firing and seems to spare postsynaptic serotnergicreceptors. This preference is shared by other simillar hallucinogens but in

a limited fashion. Nonhallucinogenic analogs of LSD show no preference.These results suggest that there are two different steric conformation ofserotonergic receptors, one of which has higher affinity for LSD than theother. In general, 5-ht is an inhibitory transmitter; thus, when itsactivity is decreased, the next neuron in the chain is freed from inhibitionand becomes more active. Since serotnergic systems appear to be intimatelyinvolved int eh control of sensation, sleep, attention, and mood, it may bepossible to explain the actions of LSD and other hallucinogens by theirdisinhibition of these critical systems.

There is also evidence for interaction with dopaminergic systems.

..............................

LSD acts as a 5HT autoreceptor agonist in the raphe nucleus. Theseautoreceptors are typically considered to be 5HT1As. It also acts as a 5HT2agonist, which is thought to be the main site of hallucinogenic activity.It's probably best called a a mixed 5HT2/5HT1 receptor partial agonist.

I don't know of its effects on dopamine. Wouldn't be surprised if it has'em; the systems aren't really functionally separable. The DA effectswouldn't be necessary for hallucinogenic activity, I'd bet.

..............................

>"If there's no documentation, you can't tell bugs from features." ---C.P.

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RELATED COMPOUNDS:

Related compounds are the indole hallucinogens including DMT(dimethyl-tryptamine), DET (diethyl-), etc.; psilocybin; lysergic acid. DMTis very fast acting, lasting less than an hour. Psilocybin, found inhallucinogenic (aka magic or mexican) mushrooms, has effects similar to LSDbut they work for approximately half the duration. These are all indolederivatives like the neurotransmitter serotonin, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine.

"Indole" is the name of the 6-carbon ring attached to the 5-ring containinga nitrogen. The lysergic acid molecule contains an indole structure plusadditional rings.

LSD's two ethyl groups hanging off the amine may be replaced withother carbon chains for compounds with different durations, potencies,and effects.

While LSD is semi-synthetic, DMT and psilocybin are found in nature.See the sections on BOTANY and ANTHROPOLOGY for info on relatednatural (plant) compounds and their uses.



..............................

1) DMT, DET, psylocin, psylocybin, : The mushroom psylocybin cubensiscontains all four of these indole derivatives, as well as others. DMT isdimethyltryptamine, an indole derivative which has functionalized at the 3position with the dimethyl ethylamine group. It is a close relative to theamino acid, tryptophan, which until recently was available in bulk at

vitamin shops, until some jerk poisoned himself by taking a wonga dose ofit. [Actually it may have been a single toxic batch mistakenly produced inJapan.] A prep came out in 1984 for LSD using l--tryptophan as theprecursor, so this may have facilitated the government's pullin it from theshelves. I can't find tryptophan anywhere, now, and I've tried, bud.

DMT, and it's brother DET (diethyltryptamine), have no oral activity,so have to be smoked. They stink like fish oil when lit, though. Both havehallucinogenic effects within 2-3 minutes of toking, wand while DMT lastsfor only a half hour, DET is a smoother, more euphoric high, lasting twiceas long. DET has effects similar to psylocybin.

Psylocybin is DMT which has a functional group, phosphoryloxy-, at the4 position on the indole ring. This group is immediately converted tohydroxyl- as soon as the stuff hits your stomach to give the cousin,

psylocin. In preparing the drug, then, it is not necessary to proceed beyondthe psylocin.

DMT and DET are easily derived from many indole derivatives, theeasiest of which is indole-3-acetic acid. I've done this reaction and itstinks to high heaven of indole gunge, skatoles (methylindoles), andindenes. Bad news if you want to make it at home, because the stench ispervasive. Other derivatives, using phenyl or butyl groups have beenreported as having oral activity, so it is not necessary to smoke the stuff.Doses run at about a hundred mgs for smoked drug, while psylocin is orallyactive at about 5 mgs.

For a good reference work on these compounds, their preps, and effects,see Michael Valentine Smith's "Psychedelic Chemistry," publisher unknown.

Your Friendly Neighborhood Chemical

Dude,St. Theo

..............................

DMTCH

/ 3// \\--- --- CH CH N|| || || 2 2 \

\\ //\ / CHN 3H

******************************

MANUFACTURE:

Forget it. Precursors (ergot alkaloids, used medicinally for migraines and



ob/gyn due to their vasoconstrictive effects) are closely watched. (Theyare obtained through commercially cultured ergot fungus; one couldtheoretically extract lsyergic amides from morning glory or Hawaiian woodrose seeds.) (Though there are routes to synthesize lysergic acid from"scratch", these are complicated also.) Other typically needed chemicalsare very dangerous. Serious experience in organic chemistry lab would benecessary. If you have to ask where to find the recipes, you don't knowenough about chemistry to try it. (For the curious: the _Anarchists

Cookbook_ is a bad place to start. _Psychedelic Chemistry_ is better, thepatent office or chem. lit. better.) And you'll probably trip duringmanufacture if you actually succeed. Its easier and safer to buy it on theblack market.

******************************

DRUG TESTING:

No risk. Its not looked for, hard to find, and transient.

..............................

"A maximum concentration of 2-8 ng/ml [Plasma concentration of LSD]was reached 1.0-1.25 h after an oral dose of 160 ug....[A] value of 2.9 h for the elimination half-life of LSD fromplasma [was reached].

[Upshall, D.G., Wailling, D.G.: The determination of LSD inhuman plasma following oral administration.Clinica Chimica Acta 36, 67-73 (1972)]

Second of all, LSD and its metabolites are detectable in the urinefor much longer than one hour.

"LSD and its metabolites were still detectable in human urine foras long as 4 days after the ingestion of 0.2 mg of the drug.

[Faed, E.M., McLeod, W.R.: A urine screening test of lysergide.Journal of Chromatographic Science. 11, 4-6 (1973)]

Note that standard, cheap initial drug screening does not usechromatography or mass-spectrometry, and does not look for LSD.

..............................

Spinal taps are not particularly useful (cerebro-spinal fluid doesn'tconcentrate LSD or metabolites) and are never done under anycircumstances: they are painful and dangerous.

..............................

You might want to mention that Abbie Hoffman's _Steal This Urine Test_has a table which claims lsd is detectable for 40 days. I'm almost surethis was a typo.

..............................



> 1] How long can LSD be detected in the body?

This varies by the test being used, the detection limit placed on the test,the point of collection and type of the sample fluid, the amount of LSD thatwas taken, and the individual in question.

Assuming the testers are using an RIA screening test with the cutoff set at0.1 ng/ml and assuming that the user has recently emptied their bladder,

then the detection limit for one hit (100 ug) is normally around 30 hours.Each doubling of the initial amount will add about 5 hours. Thus taking 8hits will leave a user vulnerable for approximately 2 days. (NOTE: This isbased on the data in [7])

> 2] What exact form of test can be used to detect LSD in the body? Thereare a number of tests which can be used to detect LSD in the body.

Abuscreen, a product of Roche Diagnostic Systems, is a series ofRadioImmunoAssay (RIA) tests, one of which is used to detect LSD and itsmetabolites in whole blood, serum (blood), urine and stomach contents [1].RIA can in theory be used to detect quantities as small as 0.020 nanograms(ng) per milliliter (ml) of sample [2]. Laboratory tests have shown that

RIA results are accurate down to at least 0.1 ng/ml [3]. The manufacturerrecommends limiting the cutoff to 0.5 ng/ml.

EMIT, a product of Syva Corporation, is another series of tests, one ofwhich can be used to detect LSD and its metabolites in serum and urine.EMIT stands for Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique.

Both EMIT and Abuscreen are "positive/negative" response tests (much likepregnancy tests) which require periodic equipment calibration and consumechemicals for each test performed. A basic battery of tests costs approx.$15-$25 per person [4]. The basic tests (recommended by NIDA) includemarijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, and phencyclidine (PCP).Normally, unless an (employer) specifically requests the test, an LSD assay

is not run.

Both Roche and Syva recommend confirmation of positive results by using adifferent test. The usual method of confirming positive results is someform of chromatography. These include High Performance Thin LayerChromatography (HPTLC)[3], and different forms of Gas Chromatography/MassSpectrometry (GC/MS)[5][6][7][8][9]. HPTLC and GC/MS can be used to givequantitative results as opposed to the Boolean results from EMIT orAbuscreen. Laboratory tests have shown that GC/MS test for LSD in urine[6]and blood[7] can be accurate down to 0.1 ng/ml. The cost for confirmationof a positive screening test is approximately $50-60.

Positive results to either EMIT and RIA are held to be "probable cause" by

U.S. courts. GC/MS results are held to be "proof" by U.S. courts.

> I am asking for an actual text message containing a short, precise >description of each test,

Immunoassays chemicals are created by injecting animals (rabbits, sheep,donkey, etc) with the drug to be tested for and an albumin which force theanimal to produce antibodies. The antibodies are then removed from theanimal, purified and bottled. In RIA tests, the antibodies are then addedto the fluid sample with a radioactively labeled chemical. Any of the drug(or similar chemicals) found in a sample that is being tested will react



with this glop and by measuring the radioactivity, the amount of drugs canbe determined [2][10].

> 3] How can such a test be beaten?

While there is some literature on adulterating urine samples to producefalse negative results [11], there has been little written that appliesspecifically to the LSD screening tests.

I would suggest you read the article posted by Paul Hager paying particularattention to the warning about water intoxication [12]:In <[email protected]> [email protected] wrote+ Recommended: "Dealing With Urine Tests on Short Notice"+ by Dale Gieringer, California NORML++ Most folks recommend that people hydrate themselves -- the idea+ being that by drinking water and taking a diuretic that will+ promote water loss, the urine will be very dilute and THC metabolite+ content from "tomatoe" consumption will drop below the 100 ng/ml+ threshold that defines a "positive".+

+ Mr. Gieringer recommends that, the day before the test, the+ person drink lots of water. I would amend this to, drink your+ normal "8 glasses" plus a few more. Don't get carried away with+ drinking water -- there is such a thing as "water intoxication"+ which can result in brain swelling and other nasties so don't+ chug-a-lug a gallon of water just before the test. After+ hydrating, and a little before the test, drink some more water+ and use a diuretic (coffee is a weak diuretic). Urinate to+ flush the bladder -- the first urination of the day is the+ one most charged with metabolites. The pamphlet quotes from+ a _High Times_ article, "How to Beat a Drug Test":++ Take an 80 mg dose of the prescription diuretic Lasix

+ (furosemide); take a hefty drink of water; piss two+ or three times; then take the test.++ Some caution is to be exercised in taking diuretics. Consult+ your physician.++ Mr. Gieringer also suggests that the clear, watery urine that+ results from the above procedure is sometimes suspicious. He+ recommends taking 50-100 mg of vitamin B2 which will color+ urine yellow for a couple of hours. Vitamin C does not produce+ this effect -- contrary to rumor.++ For more information, I'd suggest contacting California NORML

+ directly at (415) 563-5858. They are located in San Francisco.+ It is also possible that Mr. Gieringer will respond directly+ via his canorml account.

> I am asking for ...[a description]... of each thing that LSD leaves behind> that can be detected, and of each method used to beat each test.

The immunsoassay tests vary in their specificity. Some display a relativelylow cross-reactivity[13], others a high cross-reactivity[14]. The exactmetabolites of LSD in humans have not been fully determined yet, thoughanimal studies have been done. The only verified human metabolite I could



find in the literature was N-demethyl-LSD[6] but I did not check all thereferences.

FOOTNOTES:[1]Altunkaya, D; Smith R.N."Evaluation of a commercial radioimmunoassay kit for the detection oflysergide (LSD) in serum, whole blood, urine, and stomach contents"

Forensic Science International. v47n2, September 1990, p113-21.[2]Taunton-Rigby, A.; Sher, S.E.; Kelley, P.R."Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Radioimmunoassay"Science. v181, July 13 1973, p165-6.[3]McCarron, M.M.; Walberg, C.B.; Baselt, R.C."Confirmation of LSD intoxication by analysis of serum and urine."Journal of Analytical Toxicology. v14n3, May-June 1990, p165-7.[4]Berg, E."Drug-testing methods: what you should know."Safety & Health. v142n6, Dec 1990, p52-6.

[5]Lim, H.K.; Andrenyak, D.; Francom, P.; Bridges, R.R.; Foltz, R.L."Determination of LSD in urine by capillary column gas chromatographyand electron impact mass spectrometry."Journal of Analytical Toxicology. v12n1, Jan-Feb 1988, p1-8.[6]Lim, H.K.; Andrenyak, D.; Francom, P."Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry."Analytical Chemistry. v60, July 15 1988, p1420-25.[7]Papac, D.I.; Foltz, R.L."Measurement of lysergic acid dietylamide (LSD) in human plasma by gas

chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry."Journal of Analytical Toxicology. v14n3, May-June 1990, p189-90.[8]Paul, B.D.; Mitchell J.M.; Burbage, R.; Moy, M; Sroka, R."Gas chromatographic-electron-impact mass fragmentometric determinationof lysergic acid diethylamide in urine."Journal of Chromatography. v529n1, July 13, 1990, p103-12.[9]Blum, L.M.; Carenzo, E.F.; Rieders, F."Determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in urine by instrumentalhigh-performance thin-layer chromatography."Journal of Analytical Toxicology. v14n5, Sep-Oct 1990, p285-7.[10]

Ratcliffe, W.A.; Fletcher, S.M.; Moffat, A.C.; et. al."Radioimmunoassay of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in serum and urineby using antisera of different specificities."Clinical Chemistry. v23n2, Feb 1977, p169-74.[11]Cody, J.T.; Schwarzhoff, R.H."Impact of adulterants on RIA analysis of urine for drugs of abuse."Journal of Analytical Toxicology. v13n5, Sep-Oct 1989, p277-84.[12]Klonoff, D.C."Acute water intoxication as a complication of urine drug testing in the



workplace."Journal of the American Medical Association. v265n1, Jan 2 1991, p84-6.[13]Christie J.; White, M.W.; Wiles, J.M."A chromatographic method for the detection of LSD in biological liquids."Journal of Chromatography. v120n2, May 26, 1976, p496-501.[14]Twitchet, P.J.; Fletcher, S.M.; Sullivan, A.T.; Moffat, A.C.

"Analysis of LSD in human body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography,fluorescence spectroscopy and radioimmunoassay."J. Chromatogr. v150n1, March 11 1978, p73-84.

Sorry this was so long but I thought it deserved it :-)Enjoy a "referenced" article.Tim Basher

..............................

There were rumors going around that LSD could be detectedby drug tests fo thirty days. I think this reference andabstract makes it clear that it is probably 4 days, max.

(see the end of the abstract)

IDNUM 03319915TYPE Journal paperDATE 880715AUTHOR Heng Keang Lim; Andrenyak, D.; Francom, P.; Foltz, R.L.; Jones, R.T.

Center for Human Toxicology, Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT, USATITLE Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas

chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization massspectrometry

SOURCE Analytical Chemistry; vol.60, no.14; 15 July 1988; pp. 1420-5SUBJECT chromatography; electron capture; mass spectroscopic chemical

analysis; organic compounds; quantification; gas chromatography;

resonance electron capture ionisation mass spectrometry; LSD;N-demethyl-LSD; urine; lysergic acid diethylamide; human; in vitro;in vivo; aromatic hydroxylation; drug; metabolite;N-tri-fluoroacetyl derivatives; calibration curves; urinaryconcentrations; adult volunteer; excretion; elimination half-lives;4 to 6 hrs; 8 to 10 hrsNumerical data: time 1.4E+04 to 2.2E+04 s; time 2.9E+04 to 3.6E+04 sClass codes: A8280M; A8280B; A3470

CODEN ANCHAMABSTRACT Demethylation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the human has

been demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, and aromatichydroxylation at positions 13 and 14 has been tentativelyidentified. A gas chromatography/resonance electron capture

ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS) assay for LSD andN-demethyl-LSD in urine has been developed, in which the drug andits metabolite are converted to their N-tri-fluoroacetyl derivativesprior to GC/MS analysis. Linear and reproducible calibration curveshave been obtained for LSD concentrations from 0.05 to 5.0 ng/mL,and for N-demethyl-LSD concentrations from 0.03 to 5.0 ng/mL. Theassay was used to determine the urinary concentrations of LSD andN-demethyl-LSD following administration of a single oral dose of thedrug (1 mu g/kg) to an adult volunteer. The rates of excretion ofLSD and N-demethyl-LSD reached maxima in urine collected at timeintervals of 4-6 and 8-10 h after administration, respectively. The



elimination half-lives for LSD and N-demethyl-LSD were 3.6 and 10.0h, respectively

MISCELLANEOUSTreatment: experimentalAnal. Chem. (USA)Abstract number(s): A89037987ISSN: 0003-2700Refs: 15

******************************

LEGAL SCHEDULING:

Class I, "no medical use" --- mostly for political reasons, as it wasand is used in psychotherapy. (Current use is in Switzerland.)

******************************

SET and SETTING:

"SET" is the expectations a person brings with them. "Setting" is theenvironment that a person is in. Set includes expectations about thedrug's actions and how the person will react. Setting includes thesocial and physical conditions. For LSD and the hallucinogen-typedrug more than other psychoactives, set and setting are very importantin determining the nature of the experience. These factors make thedifference between, e.g., the experiences of someone taking the drugfor enhancement at a concert, for psychotherapy in an doctor's office,in a religious context, or in the outdoors for an aestheticexperience. For best results, one should take LSD only with peopleone trusts in safe, comfortable surroundings, free of everydayintrusions. Tripping alone is a very risky thing to do, thatinexperienced people should avoid.

******************************

STORAGE:

First, note that LSD is a fairly stable organic molecule, no more orless fragile than other molecules with comparable structures.

The main factors to be concerned with are moisture (due to leachingand facilitated chemical reactions in the presense of moisture),oxygen, light, and temperature. Reaction rates typically depend upontemperature exponentially. These factors basically apply to allorganic compounds.

Sealing in AL foil in a cool dark place is fine. Some recommendrefrigeration, but be careful about nosy guests, condensation, and frost.Multiple, redundant seals are suggested, eg., paper in metal foil inplastic in a metal candy tin which has been taped shut. Should lastat least a presidential term.

Wallets are contraindicated as storage locations due to sweat.

******************************



SYNERGIES, BAD COMBINATIONS:

Smoking cannabis products considerably increases the effects,increasing the visuals and also possibly increasing the cognitive andlinguistic disorders. As the effects of LSD wear off, marijuana maybring them back, and also ease the jitteriness some dislike. Nitrousoxide goes well with LSD, though one should be extra careful (not tosuffocate or fall down) with the nitrous because of the effects of the

LSD. MDA & cousins can go well, but people on these drugs should nottake LSD unless they are familiar with the latter's effects.

Alcohol's effects are largely overwhelmed by LSD, and they act in oppositeways: alcohol being a depressant and LSD being a (hyper)stimulant.Generally mixing stimulants and sedatives is counterproductive.

MAO inhibitors ???Amphetamines and cocaine ???

******************************

SYNTHESIS:

Don't try it, too difficult and risky both physically andlegally. Precursor medical drugs (ob/gyn and migraine ergotalkaloids) are watched.

******************************

REFERENCES & FURTHER READING:

HISTORICAL:

LSD: My Problem Child [A. Hofmann, PhD] (excellent)Storming heaven : LSD and the American dream [Jay Stevens]. (excellent)Ceremonical Chemistry [T. Szasz, M.D.] (excellent)Acid DreamsDrugs and the BrainPsychedelics ReconsideredElectric Koolaid Acid TestFlashbacks (Leary's autobiography)The Great Drug WarDealing With Drugs

USAGE/INFORMATIONAL:Psychedelic Encyclopedia [Stafford] (excellent)

Psychedelic Chemistry [M.V.Smith]Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology (technical)Consumer Reports: Licit & Illicit DrugsRecreational Drugs

REFERENCE:Merck HandbookPhysician's Desk ReferenceThe Botany And Chemistry Of Hallucinogens, Shultes & Hofmann

JOURNALS:



Journal of Psychoactive (formerly Psychedelic) Drugs

..............................

AUTHOR: Cohen, SidneyAUTHOR AFFILIATION:

U California School of Medicine, NeuropsychiatricInst, Los Angeles

TITLE: LSD: The varieties of psychotic experience.SOURCE: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 1985 Oct-Dec Vol 17(4)

291-296ABSTRACT: Discusses the contributing factors (e.g., preexisting

character structure, insecurity, negative experience,current mood and stress level) and prevention andtreatment of acute and prolonged psychotic reactionsto LSD. (10 ref)

..............................

Additional (detailed) References (in random order):

"Indole Alkaloids In Plant Hallucinogens" Richard Evans Schultes, PhD.Journal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol.8(No.1) Jan-Mar 1976

"Ethnopharmacology and Taxonomy of Mexican Psychodysleptic Plants"Jose Luis Diaz M.D.Journal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol. 11(1-2) Jan-Jun 1979

"The Botanical and Chemical Distribution of Hallucinogens"Richard Evans Schultes, PhD.Journal of Psychedelic Drugs Vol.9(No.3) Jul-Sep 1977

"Burger's Medicinal Chemistry" Fourth Edition, Volume IIIChapter: "Hallucinogens" Alexander Shulgin

J. Psychoactive Drugs Vol 21 (1) Jan-Mar 1989

The Addictvie Behaviors: treatment of alcoholism, drug use, smoking, andobesityW.R. Miller, Ed(small amount of info on use of psychedelics in psychotherapy)Pergammon press 1986

Biological Basis Of BehaviorN.Chalmers R. Crawley S.P.R.Rose EdsOpen Univ Press Harper & Row1971

Recreational DrugsYoung Klein BeyerCollier Books, div of Macmillan pub co 1977

The Biochemical Basis Of NeuropharmacologyJ.R.Cooper F.E.Bloom R.H.Roth



Oxford Univ Press 1982 (4th ed)

Craving For Ecstasy: Consciousness And Chemistry Of EscapeH.Milkman S.SunderwirthLexington Books, DC Heath and co 1987

A Primer of Drug ActionR.M.Julian

W.H.Freeman & Co.1978

LSD & CreativityO.Janiger, M.D.de RiosJ. Psychoactive Drugs Vol 21 (1) Jan-Mar 1989

An Introduction To PharmacologyJ.J.LewisWilliams and wilkins Co, Baltimore 1964 (3rd edition)

Metabolism Of Drugs Of Abuse

Spectrum Publications 1976Dist by Halstead Press of John Wiley PressL. Lemberger

Medicinal Chemistry: a series of monographsG.deStevens EdVol 4: Psychopharmaceutical agentsM. Gordon (ed)Vol I, ch 13: psychomimetic compounds D.F.DowningVol II, ch 4: psychomimetic agents by A.T.ShulginAcademic press 1976

The Road To Eleusis

Unveiling the secret of the mysteriesR.G.Wasson, A.Hoffman, C.A.P.Ruckharcourt brace jovanovich inc. 1978

Lsd Man And SocietyR.C.Debold, R.C.Leaf EdsWesleyan U pressMiddletown Conn 1967

Hallucinogenic Plants (A Golden Guide) New York: Golden Press1976Shultes, R.E., Smith E.W.

The Sun And The MoonA.Weil, MD

The Natural MindA.Weil, MD 1986Houghton-mifflin pub co.

Sacred Narcotic Plants Of The New World IndiansH. Schleiffer ed.Hafner press 1973Div of mcmillan pub co



Moksha: Writings On Psychedlics And The Visionary ExperienceA.C.huxleystonehill pub co., NYM.Horowitz, C. palmer Eds 1977

Psychedelic Chemistrym.v.smith

2nd edition 1973rip off press

Psychotropic Methoxyamphetamines: Structure And Activity In ManS.H.Snyder, E.Richelson, H.Weingartner, LA.Faillace

Ethnopharmacological Search For Psychoactive DrugsProc of a symposium in SF, Ca Jan 28-30 1967D.H.Efron, B.Holmstedt, N.S.Kline edsUS Dept of HEW

The Botany And Chemistry Of HallucinogensR.E.Schultes, A.Hoffman

charles C Thomas PublisherSpringfield Ill 1980

The Behavioral Effects Of Drugs(Ch 4 Hallucinogens: Complications of LSD: A Review of the Literature;Dimensions of the LSD, Methlphenidate, and ChlordiazepoxideExperiences; LSD: Injection Early in Pregnancy Produces Abnormalityin Offspring of Rats; LSD: No Teratogenicity in Rats; CongenitalMalformation Induced by Mescaline, LSD, and Bromolysergic Acid inthe Hamster; Drug Motivated-Behavior: The Effect of Morning Glory SeedsOn Motor Activity In Chicks) (Also Includes Weil'S Study Of "Clinical andPsychological Effects Of Marijuana In Man")

D.W. Matheson M.A. Davidson Holt RinehartWinston Inc 1972

any textbook titled "Physiological Psychology"

..............................

(about visual disturbances: )Migraine: the evolution of a common disorderO. SacksU CAl press 1970

Brain Damage, Behavior, And The MindM. WilliamsJohn Wiley & Sons 1979ch 5 Disorders of visual perception

Mescal And Mechanisms Of HallucinationsHeinrich KluverU. Chicago Press 1930

Drugs And The BrainPerry Black MD, Ed



Johns Hopkins Press 1969behavioral effects of LSD in subhuman primates

HallucinationsSci AmR.K.Siegal(see also article on phosphenes in amateur scientist column in another issue)

Luria's _The Shattered Mind_

******************************END OF FAQ******************************[FYI only, consult your shamans & attorneys etc., you are self-responsible.]

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