Hi.

•Let’s go over Vocabulary Unit 12!

OBJECTIVES:

• Understand the basic requirements of MLA formatting for research papers

UPCOMING:

• TOMORROW- Bring your book.

• FRI 5/3- Unit 12 Vocab Quiz

• WED 5/9- Biography & Summary due (also due to Turnitin.com)

Using MLA In Your Research

Paper

Adapted from a Powerpoint created by April Lerner, Hammond High School, GT Research Program2007

What is MLA?• MLA stands for Modern Language Association.

• Using MLA gives credibility to your research paper.

• MLA is a way for the writer to document his/her research and to give credit to the appropriate author(s) of sources used in the essay.

• MLA is a set of agreed on rules for documenting quotations, facts, opinions and paraphrases.

• There are other documentation methods, including APA (American Psychological Association: often used in the social sciences); CSE (Council of Science Editors); and The Chicago Manual of Style (often used in historical documentation).

Heading• In the upper left-hand corner of the first

page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Be sure to use double-spaced text.

• Awesome Student

Mrs. Lucente

English 11 Honors

1 May 2013

General Formatting• Double space everything

• Times New Roman, 1-inch margins

• Center title. Do not underline, use all caps, or do anything weird.

• Italicize larger works (novels, plays)

• Put quotations marks around shorter works (short stories, poems)

• Header with Last name & page number on ALL pages

Using In-Text CitationsIn-text citations are used within the research document to give credit to the author(s) from whom you took the information that you are using.

HOW TO USE AN IN-TEXT CITATION…

There are several ways to document using in-text citations. It depends upon the situation (direct quote, paraphrase, use of signal phrase).

We will look at all three situations documenting a basic book.

CITING A MLA… INTEGRATED DIRECT QUOTATION

Roaming the hallways “is a fun and exciting adventure during my day at school” (Lerner 42).

Notice the quote is integrated smoothly into the sentence. Using parenthetical documentation write the author’s name and the page number where you found the information.

*Do NOT put a comma between the name and the page number. *Do NOT write p., pg., or page before the page number. *DO put the quotation mark after the quoted sentence/phrase and NOT the parentheses. *DO put the punctuation AFTER the last parenthesis.

CITING A…DIRECT QUOTATION W/ SIGNAL PHRASE

WHAT IS A SIGNAL PHRASE?

A signal phrase introduces a quotation

so the writer avoids a DROPPED QUOTEDROPPED QUOTE.

SAMPLE SIGNAL PHRASES

• In the words of researcher J. Christopher Fritz, “…”

• As Dr. Jumper has noted, “…”

• Ms. Katie Clark repeatedly points out, “…”

• “…,” claims actor Jon Hamm.

• President Scott Vennard declares the following: “…”

VERB SUGGESTIONS FOR YOUR SIGNAL PHRASES• Acknowledges• Adds• Admits• Agrees• Argues• Asserts• Believes• Claims• Comments• Compares• Confirms• Contends

• Disputes• Emphasizes• Endorses• Grants• Illustrates• Implies• Insists• Notes• Observes• Points out• Reasons• Refutes

• Responds• Suggests• Thinks• Writes• Rejects• Reports• Declares• Denies

Choose different signal phrases to add variety

USING THE SIGNAL PHRASE IN A DIRECT QUOTATION

Jennifer Clements suggests that, “we should all look both ways before crossing the street” (49).

• Since the author is already cited in the signal phrase, the name does NOT need to be repeated in the parenthetical documentation. Only the page or paragraph # is necessary.

• Punctuation for the sentence goes AFTER the parentheses.

AVOID DROPPED QUOTATION

A dropped quotation is a direct quotation that has not been properly integrated into the sentence; rather, it stands alone. The writer avoids dropped quotations by using signal phrases or by integrating the quotation into the sentence.

SAMPLE DROPPED QUOTE Although running through the hallways is against the rules, children often see Mrs. Clements breaking those rules. “I love to run away from my classroom and flee the constant questions my students shout at me on a daily basis” (Clements 12).

*Notice the quote is simply “dropped” into the sentence. It is not integrated smoothly; therefore, use a signal phrase to avoid committing the crime of the “dropped quote”.*

WHEN TO USE A… DIRECT QUOTATION(DQ) VS PARAPHRASE

• Vary your use of the DQ and Paraphrase to avoid monotony.

• Use the Direct QuotationDirect Quotation when:• to show that an authority supports your point• to present a position or argument to critique or

comment on• to include especially moving or historically significant

language• to present a particularly well-stated passage whose

meaning would be lost or changed if paraphrased or summarized

PARAPHRASING

Paraphrasing REQUIRES documentation!

Plagiarism is not only copying a source word for word without appropriate acknowledgement, but it is also using the author’s words, sentence structure, and/or ideas without providing appropriate documentation.

Paraphrase or summarize when..

• what you want from the source is the idea expressed, and not the specific language used to express it

• you can express in fewer words what the key point of a source is

PARAPHRASINGOriginal Version:

“If the existence of a signing ape was unsettling for the linguists, it was also startling news for animal behaviorists” (Davis 26).

Unacceptable Borrowing of WordsThe existence of a signing ape unsettled linguists and startled animal behaviorists.

Unacceptable Borrowing of StructureIf the presence of a sign-language using chimp was disturbing for scientists studying language, it was also surprising to scientists studying animal behavior.

PARAPHRASINGAcceptable Paraphrases

When they learned of an ape’s ability to use sign language, both linguists and animal behaviorists were taken by surprise (Davis 26).

ORAccording to Flora Davis, linguists and animal behaviorists were unprepared for the news that a chimp could communicate with its trainers through sign language (26).

**Notice that not only are the author’s words restated into the writer’s words, but also the source has been documented.

WORKS CITED PAGEA works cited page displays all of the resources that the writer cited at some point in the essay.

WORKS CONSULTED PAGE

A works consulted page displays all of the resources that the writer consulted while writing the essay but did not cite specific information from in the essay.

Format for…WORKS CITED

• All entries are alphabetized.• Entries are formatted according to the type of source

used. (See MLA handbook for format or use citation machines to assist with entry format.)

• Double space each individual entry, as well as between entries.

• Center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Do NOT underline, bold, quote or capitalize all of the letters.

• Do NOT number or letter the entries.

Sample: Everything is double spaced!!Works Cited

Eastman, Richard M. Style: Writing and Reading as the Discovery of

Outlook. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1984. Print.

Heslam, Jessica. "Plagarism suspension for Globe sports scribe." Boston

Herald 6 Mar. 2007: 002. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 8

Apr. 2011.

Kelly, Natalie. “I Have Great Hair”. Teachers with Great Hair. Ed. Kevin

Kelly. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. Print.

ProQuest Staff. "Cheating (Education) Timeline." Leading Issues

Timelines. Aug. 17 2010: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 08 Apr 2011.

Additional Resources:

• HCPSS Writing Manual & Style Guide

• MLA Handbook

• Owl at Purdue Website

Bibliography (for this presentation)

Discovering Language Arts: Research Skills. 14 Dec 2007.

Hacker, Diana. A Writer’s Reference. Fifth Edition. New York: Bedford/St.

Martin’s, 2003. Print.

Lunsford, Andrea. The Everyday Writer. Third Edition. New York:

Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005. Print.

Sebranek, Patrick, Verne Meyer and Dave Kemper. Writer’s Inc.

Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1996. Print.