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The Historic Houses Association and Smiths Gore are working together to provide historic house owners with practical advice and expertise to increase energy efficiency, install renewables and reduce the energy bills of their houses. Much has changed since the last HHA & Smiths Gore survey in 2009, with the introduction of Feed-In Tariffs (FITs), the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and changes in the markets for oil, gas and wood. This report summarises the key findings of a survey of 327 historic home owners, which were discussed at a seminar at Bowood House on 24 May 2012. We believe this is the most comprehensive survey of energy use and renewable energy in historic houses in the UK.
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ENERGY USE AND RENEWABLES IN THE HISTORIC HOUSE 2012
May 2012
The Historic Houses Association and Smiths Gore are working together to provide historic house owners with practical advice and expertise to increase energy efficiency, install renewables and reduce the energy bills of their houses.
Much has changed since the last HHA & Smiths Gore survey in 2009, with the introduction of Feed-In Tariffs (FITs), the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and changes in the markets for oil, gas and wood.
This report summarises the key findings of a survey of 327 historic home owners, which were discussed at a seminar at Bowood House on 24 May 2012. We believe this is the most comprehensive survey of energy use and renewable energy in historic houses in the UK.
Nick WayDirector GeneralHistoric Houses Association
Rupert ClarkHead of Rural PracticeSmiths Gore
IS NOW THE TIME?
Why are we doing the survey now?
Building conservation and energy efficiency are key aspects of sustainability. Heating and lighting houses produces over a quarter of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions, which contribute to climate change. There is no reason why historic houses should not be reasonably efficient, comfortable and healthy, and it is possible to improve their energy efficiency without compromising historic character.
There are now a growing number of policies – and more to come, such as the Green Deal and the Renewable Heat Incentive for domestic properties. So the UK is moving from the ‘early adopter’ stage to a more mature, established and growing market.
There is a clear hierarchy of actions that historic houses, and indeed any houses, can take:
1. Reduce energy demand
2. Improve energy efficiency
3. Switch to renew-able fuels
Energy Act 2008 Launch of
Renewable Heat Incentive
UK sets carbon emission and renewable energy targets
Feed-In Tariff
Green Deal
Phasing out of F and G EPC rated properties in 2018
Energy Act 2011
Renewable Heat Incentive for domestic properties
Kyoto Protocol 2007
Copenhagen Accord 2009
2007 Today 20502020Last HHA seminar
34% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2020
80% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2050
Climate Change Act 2008
Houses which have installed renewables are much more convinced that being green is important to visitors... BUT it is hard to assess whether it was their attitude that led to this or the other way round.
327 houses from all over the UK provided information, compared with 46 houses in 2009.
This represents over 1 in 5 of the HHA’s house members.
The sample contains a high proportion of large houses (with more than
28 rooms), which is similar to the 2009 survey.
A third of the houses are open to the public; almost half of the large houses are open compared with 11% of the smaller ones.
Houses which are open to the public are much more likely to have installed renewables and have almost double the energy cost of those that don’t open.
Houses open to the public are more likely to have installed renewables
Annual fuel cost (£) Is the house regularly open to
the public?No Yes Average
More than 28 rooms & no renewables £19,500 £21,300 £20,300More than 28 rooms & renewable energy installed £16,900 £36,500 £29,700Fewer than 28 rooms & no renewables £8,900 £14,700 £10,000Fewer than 28 rooms & renewable energy installed £8,400 £16,100 £10,200Average £12,900 £22,000 £16,000
This is the most comprehensive survey of energy use and renewable energy in historic houses in the UK
31%said yes 18%
said yes
Is being green or environmentally responsible important to your visitors?
Houses which have installed renewables
Houses which haven’t installed renewables
Analysis only includes houses regularly open to the public
20-25% of houses do not have effective control of their heating systems
Results from the survey are in black text and the opportunities to save energy are in coloured text.
Heating systems
20% of boilers older than 20 years 3% of hot water tanks not insulatedReplace old and inefficient boilers Insulate hot water tanks 25% of radiators not individually controlled 24% of hot water pipes not insulatedInstall individual radiator controls Insulate hot water pipes
10% of systems don’t have thermostatic controlsInstall thermostatic controls
Lighting
The majority of bulbs in 80% of historic houses will be phased outReplace with low energy bulbs
Insulation and Draught proofing
28% don’t have roof insulation 90% have not draught proofed most Insulate roofs doors & windows Draught proof doors & windowsLittle use of internal shuttersReinstate and use internal shutters
MonitoringImprove energy awarenessTrack energy usage though smart metering
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
There are a range of energy efficiency measures that houses can take - with some quick wins and others requiring more investment.
There are still opportunities to save 10-25% of energy costs Equivalent to £1,500-4,000pa on bills and saving 8-14 tonnes of CO
2 at no or low cost
Pric
e pe
r lit
re
Oil prices rising!
Oil prices paid by historic houses
Data from the houses’ energy bills is that an average of 61p per litre was paid, a 21% increase on the 49p average paid in 2009. The difference between the highest and lowest prices paid has fallen to a 16% difference, from 29% in 2009.
UPFRONT COSTS
PAYBACK PERIOD
Energy efficiency measures
1. Energy efficient Lighting
2. Draught proofing 3. Low energy
appliances 4. Internal solid wall
insulation 5. External solid wall
insulation6. Insulating jacket on
hot water tank7. Insulating lagging
pipework 8. Better energy
management 9. Better energy
controls 10. Floor insulation11. Energy efficient
boiler12. Secondary glazing13. Loft insulation
QUICK WINS
MORE INVESTMENT REQUIRED
POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS
Low - Medium Medium - High
SHORTLow
Medium
Medium
Long
High
11 1213
5
6
4
2
10
26 78
9
33
1Short
Renewable energy
Houses with larger energy bills have installed renewables but what is the decision making process? It might be:
19% of houses have installed at least one form of renewable energy – with similar proportions of large and smaller houses.
What has been installed?
Most houses, whether they have installed it or not, expect a payback in 6 to 12 years which broadly matches the information from houses that have installed renewables, where target is 8-9 years typically and actual payback is 4 to 10 years.
Houses which have installed renewables expected a shorter payback – does this show more realistic or aggressive budgeting or that those who are not committed use poor payback as a reason for not investing?
IHT and CGT reliefs and the ability to pass on the project to a successor appear to be important factors in deciding whether to undertake a renewable energy project, especially for smaller houses.
The two most significant hurdles to installing renewables are: consents (planning and Listed Building consent) and returns (uncertainty of returns due to changing government incentives and up front costs).
I have large energy bills, which is possibly linked to being open to the public
I think that being green is important to my visitors
I will either install renewables or change my energy supplier or test the market
1 in 2 houses have considered installing it
1 in 5 houses have installed it
Number installed 28 19 6 7
Payback period (years)
Predicted 7 9 9 9
Actual 8 8 8 7
Projected in the pipeline 37 28 11 7
BiomassSolar
PVSolar
thermalHydro
Key issues when considering renewable energy for your home
Stage 1 – Feasibility
Stage 2 – System specification and installation
Selecting the installer and product• Where can I get independent advice?• How do I get the most competitive price?• What warranties are being offered - on the product and
workmanship?• What is the track record of the installer and the product?
Future financial incentives - is now the time?
Green Deal – consultation in progress, due to be launched this Autumn, but how will it work for older buildings?
Next review for wind is October
Next review for PV is July
Hydro expected to remain broadly the same at least until 2013
RHI – delayed for domestic schemes until next year but launched for non-domestic
Funding options - Rural Community Renewable Energy Fund in England to be launched this year, Community and Energy Scheme (CARES) in Scotland is already live.
May 2012
July 2012
October 2012
January2013
April2013
July 2013
FIT reviewed every 6 months
Incentives and policies for energy efficiency and renewable energy are constantly changing and the introduction of the Renewable Heat Incentive could significantly change markets for woodfuel and demand for woodfuel boilers.
Technical- Energy demand
(electricity / space heating / hot water)
- Resource availability
- Technical compatibility
- Energy efficiency
Financial- Invest v lease - Upfront cost
- Current financial incentives
- Reduction inenergy bills
- Sale of energy- Payback period
Planning-Visibility and reversibility
of scheme -Local precedent?
-Planning permission or permitted development -Listed building consent -Early consultation with
relevant bodies -EIA required?
Number installed 28 19 6 7
Payback period (years)
Predicted 7 9 9 9
Actual 8 8 8 7
Projected in the pipeline 37 28 11 7
Useful links
1. Changeworks website - http://www.changeworks.org.uk/householders/technical-guides-for-energy-improvements/475/ This provides links to the Energy Heritage project, the Renewable Heritage Guide and a number of technical fact sheets on various energy efficiency measures and renewable energy schemes in historic buildings.
2. Warmer Bath – A Guide to improving the energy efficiency of traditional homes in the city of Bath (Bath Preservation Trust and the Centre for Sustainable Energy 2011) - http://www.cse.org.uk/downloads/file/warmer_bath_june2011.pdf
3. Energy Conservation in Traditional Buildings - http://www.climatechangeandyourhome.org.uk/live/content_pdfs/94.pdf by English Heritage (2008)
4. Energy Saving Trust – energy efficiency and renewable energy advice for domestic properties - http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/In-your-home
5. Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) – update on the Green Deal and Older Buildings http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/tackling/green_deal/gd_stakeholder/olderbuildings/olderbuildings.aspx
Authors
Advice when you need it
Dr Jason BeedellHead of Researcht 01733 [email protected]
Marc LiebrechtForestry - Englandt 01543 [email protected]
Terry AdsettArchitecture and Building Services - Englandt 01798 [email protected]
Richard Henderson Architecture and BuildingServices - Scotlandt 01387 [email protected]
Lucy MorgansSustainability & renewable energyt 0207 409 [email protected]
Andy GreatheadForestry - Scotlandt 01620 [email protected]
Thomas McMillanSustainability & renewable energyt 0131 561 [email protected]
Ian SmithPlanning - Englandt 01733 [email protected]
Debbie MackayPlanning - Scotlandt 0131 561 [email protected]
