Joachim Gerstel

EMEA Business Development Manager

DuPont Refrigerants

HFOs The Solution Waiting in the Wings

26 April, 2012

HFOs – Common Questions

Safety – flammability (A2L)

Product Options

Performance

Availability

Cost

Refrigerant Selection

Best Balance of Properties for each Application

Safety and

Sustainability

Cost to Use Performance

Zero-ODP, Low-GWP

Favorable Toxicity

No or Low Flammability

First Cost

+ Operating

+ End of Life

= Total Cost to Use **

** Impacted by maturity of

technology

System Energy

Efficiency

+

Capacity

Timing of Commercial

Availability

HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2)

• GWP 4 similar to HCs

• Same operating conditions as 134a (similar P/T curve)

• Thermally stable under extreme use conditions

• Cooling capacity and energy efficiency comparable to R-134a

• Mildly flammable

Vapor Pressure

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

134a

1234yf

Pre

ssu

re, M

Pa

Temperature, oC

R-134a HFO-1234yf

Formula CH2FCF3 CF3CF=CH2

Molecular Weight 102 114

ODP 0 0

GWP100 (AR4) 1430 4

T Critical Point 102 ºC 95ºC

Boiling Point -26ºC -29ºC

ASHRAE Product Safety Considerations

Highly Flammable (3)

Practically

Non-Flammable (1)

Flammable (2)

Low

Toxicity (A) Higher

Toxicity (B)

ASHRAE Classification Examples:

Propane A3

Isobutane A3

R-152a A2

HFO-1234yf 2L

R-134a A1

Mildly Flammable (2L)

B1

B2

B3

A1

A2

A3

HFO-1234yf (5,000 - 10,000)

R-32 (30-100)

NH3 (100-300)

Propane

Isobutane

DME

Ethylene

HFO-1234yf High Minimum Ignition Energy – Difficult to Ignite

2L

Standards Activity in Europe

ASHRAE Class 2L

• Safety standards -- updating for 2L: -- ISO-5149 Complete 2012

-- IEC-60335-2-40 Revisions underway

• Impact on market: -- Larger charge sizes allowed than Class 2 or 3

refrigerants (e.g. hydrocarbons)

-- Allows 2L use in small to medium A/C and refrigeration systems (e.g. Self contained and condensing units)

- charge limits may be set based on room size

Auto OEM industry – HFO-1234yf

SAE International – HFO-1234yf accepted for use in

automotive AC

- Safe for use; low environmental impact

HFO-1234yf selected by Auto OEMs globally to meet

EU MAC Directive

DuPont™ Opteon® Refrigerants

• The Optimal balance of properties

• GWP reduction over current HFCs

• Improved environmental sustainability

• Efficient performance

DuPont Next Generation Refrigerants for Stationary AC & R

Leading Candidates

Stationary AC&R Application Development

Current HFC Opteon® Candidate

Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon®yf

Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10

R-404A/507 DR-33

DR-7

DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5

Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10

R-123 (HCFC) DR-2

Stationary AC&R Application Development

Current HFC Opteon® Candidate

Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf (Class 2L;GWP=4)

Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10

R-404A/507 DR-33

DR-7

DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5

Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10

R-123 (HCFC) DR-2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

HFC-134a HFO-1234 yf

Po

wer

co

nsu

mp

tio

n r

elat

ive

to H

FC

-13

4a

HFC-134a

HFO-1234 yf

Vending Machine System Lab Test Results – Fuji Electric, Japan

Annual Power Consumption

Slight improvement over HFC-134a Source: The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology 2010 Kobe, Japan, 3 December, 2010,

K. OKOSHI and S. ISHIDA Fuji Electric Retail Systems ; T. Leck and B. Minor - DuPont Fluorochemicals

Beverage Cooler LCCP - EU

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

R-134a CO2 HFO-1234yf

Kg

CO

2 E

qu

iva

len

t O

ve

r 1

0 Y

ea

r L

ife

Refr Mfr

Ref Em

Energy

Energy consumption of equipment is dominant; HFO-1234yf

has lowest impact

Source:”HFO-1234yf Performance in a Beverage Cooler”; International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Conference at Purdue, July 12-15, 2010; Barbara Minor, DuPont, Carlos Montoya, Femsa

Francisco Sandoval Kasa, Femsa

Stationary AC&R Application Development

Current HFC Opteon® Candidate

Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf

Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10 (Class 1;GWP~600)

R-404A/507 DR-33 (Class 1;GWP~1400)

DR-7 (Class 2L;GWP~250)

DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5

Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10

R-123 (HCFC) DR-2

XP10 Evaluation in Supermarket - Hybrid System - Retrofitted from R-134a Medium Temp; CO2 in Low Temp

- Running for two years

Annual Energy Use and TEWI Comparison

TEWI reduced by 48% for XP10-CO2 hybrid system versus R-404A

Albert Heijn Assendelft/ Netherlands Hybrid System and Heat-Pump

XP10 / CO2 – Cascade & R134a HP

Installer Company: Frimex TBI

Coordination by P.W. Vlaskamp

B.V. Refrigeration Consultancy

Stationary AC&R Application Development

Current HFC Opteon® Candidate

Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf

Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10 (Class 1;GWP~600)

R-404A/507 DR-33 (Class 1;GWP~1400)

DR-7 (Class 2L;GWP~250)

DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5

Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10

R-123 (HCFC) DR-2

Reach-In Freezer Drop-in Test Results – DR-7 and DR-33

Energy

Consump

(kWhr/day)

Energy

Cons Rel

to R404A

Ev

Exit

SH

(F)

Mass

Flow

Rate

(lb/hr)

Suct

Press

(Psia)

Disch

Press

(Psia)

Comp

Ratio

Comp

Disch

Temp (°F)

Ambient T = 32°C

R404A 33.46 100% 7 96 31 294 10 194

DR-7 30.81 92% 6 75 28 309 11 221

DR-33 32.16 96% 7 65 25 280 11 219

Ambient T = 24°C

R404A 25.11 100% 6 102 29 239 8 167

DR-7 23.91 95% 7 76 27 249 9 195

DR-33 25.00 100% 6 68 25 225 9 190

Ambient T = 21°C

R404A 23.39 100% 6 105 29 226 8 158

DR-7 22.62 97% 6 78 26 232 9 184

DR-33 23.41 100% 6 73 25 210 8 182 Energy consumption equivalent

or lower than 404A

Energy efficiency and capacity superior to 404A

Low Temp Reach-in & Walk-in Test Results – DR-7

98%

100%

102%

104%

106%

108%

110%

112%

85% 90% 95% 100% 105% 110% 115% 120%

% Capacity

% EER Low-Temp

Reach-in

& Walk-in Tests

Reach-in 24ºC amb

Walk-in 35ºC amb

Walk-in 15ºC amb

Walk-in 15ºC amb +

180# Head Pressure

Control

Stationary AC&R Application Development

Current HFC Opteon® Candidate

Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf

Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10

R-404A/507 DR-33

DR-7

DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5 (Class 2L;GWP~500)

Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10

R-123 (HCFC) DR-2

Cooling Comparison: DR-5 vs R410A7.4 kW R-410A inverter mini-split

100%

96%

100%

103%

98%100%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

110%

410A DR-5 DR-5 Cap

Match

Capacity

COP

Performance similar to R-410A

Application Development

Current HFC Opteon® Candidate

Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon®yf

Commercial Refrigeration R-404A/507 XP10

DR-33

DR-7

DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5 (Class 2L; GWP~500)

Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10

R-123 (HCFC) DR-2

DuPont™ Opteon® Refrigerants Next Steps

Monitor F-Gas revision and assess market interest and timing for

Stationary AC & R

Build/expand production capacity for HFO-1234yf to support new

F-Gas Regulation requirements

Continue application development for Stationary AC & R

Assess Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) versus other options

Continue to develop codes & standards for 2L refrigerants (smaller

charges)

Thank You

www.refrigerants.dupont.com

Disclaimer: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that DuPont believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties, expressed or implied and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe any patents or patent applications.