HF, RF & Microwave

HF, RF & Microwave

Precision MeasurementTechnology for Safety in ElectromagneticFields

2

Narda’s < advanced technology >

turns complex test scenarios intochild’s play for the user.

Narda Safety Test Solutions holds < 95% of all patents >

worldwide in the area ofelectromagnetic field

measurement technology.

Narda Safety Test Solutionsdevelops and produces a com-prehensive line of measuringdevices for:• Low-frequency fields• HF / RF / microwave fields• Personal safety

applications

Our highly practical usersupport program includes:• Equipment and application

consultation by our worldwidesales network

• Repair and calibration service• Expertise on standards and

industry developments• Training and measurement

services

“Just power on andmeasure!”Simple operation is importantwhen you need dependableresults. This requires < devicetechnologies > capable ofsimplifying the highly complexmeasurements found in EMFapplications. With any deviceyou purchase from NardaSafety Test Solutions, the basictenet is: “Just power on andmeasure!”

With < 95 % of all patents > inelectromagnetic field measure-ment technology, Narda SafetyTest Solutions is clearly apowerhouse in its businesssector. Its portfolio includes thepatent for frequency responseshaping which greatly simplifies measurements in amultifrequency environment.

All of our measuring deviceshold up well under demandingambient conditions. The robustdesign is built to take physicalpunishment and stand up to aradiation-prone workplace.

Your One-Stop Shop for Safety in Electromagnetic Fields

The CE mark is anotherstandard feature: All equipmentis manufactured in our ISO9001-compliant productionfacilities located in Germanyand the US.

All Narda STS products arecalibrated and comply withmost of the country-specificstandards of their users.

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<< QQuuaalliiffiiccaattiioonn >>,,verification and personal safety:Narda STS has the right testequipment no matter what yourrequirements.

The HF / RF / Microwaveproduct lineLike all equipment from NardaSTS, the HF / RF / microwaveproduct line delivers excellentmeasurement reliability. All ofthe functions were designed forstraightforward and reliabletesting.

For all of your applicationsPrecision measurements of HF / RF / microwave fields arerequired mainly in the followingareas:• Wireless / telecommunications• Satellite communications• Radio / TV broadcasting• Military• Industry (particularly in

processes involving heating,curing, melting, plasticswelding and in semiconductorproduction)

• Railways / transportation(communications facilities)

• Medicine (particularly diather-my and hyperthermy)

• EMC laboratories

Narda STS is dedicated tomeeting your exact require-ments with a comprehensiveproduct line. Whether you are aspecialist in charge of < qua-lifying > entire facilities, or atechnician who must regularlyinspect facilities and/or equip-ment or make on-site visits todo service work, we have theright test solution.

To view our equipmentrecommendations for anyapplication area (qualification,inspection or personal safety),please visit our Website atwww.narda-sts.com.

8513 8511

Frequency range 10 to 42 MHz 300 kHz to 100 MHz

Band coverage 10 - 20 MHz, 20 - 35 MHz, 0.3 - 1.0 MHz, 1.0 - 20 MHz,

35 - 42 MHz 20 - 80 MHz, 80 - 100 MHz

Meas. range 0.05 to 50.0 mW/cm2 0.1 bis 100 mW/cm2 E field

E and H fields 0.2 bis 200 mW/cm2 H field

Special feature(s) Zero alignment at a keypress Zero alignment at a keypress

Display units mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m

Includes Transport case, batteries Transport case, batteries,

insulated handle

Order number 8513 8511

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Our specifications

HF / RF / Microwave Measuring Devices forIndustrial, Medical and Telecom Applications

The 8500 series is intendedprimarily for industrial appli-cations and is very easy tooperate. The measuring deviceshave fixed, isotropic probes andcan measure E and H fieldswithout changing probes. Themodels differ in their frequencyand < measurement ranges >.

8513

8511

With its broad < measurement range >

and easy-of-use, Model 8511 isquickly becoming the standard for

the semiconductor processingindustry.

EMR-20 EMR-30

100 kHz to 3 GHz 100 kHz to 3 GHz

0.6 bis 800 V/m, 0.0001 to 170 mW/m2

Automatic zero alignment, averaging (time),

averaging (spatial) and data memory (EMR-30)

mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m

Rechargeable cells, charger

2244/20 2244/30

5

The EMR-20 / EMR-30 Designed primarily for industrialand medical applications, theseunits are also suitable forgetting started in telecommuni-cations applications. The E-fieldprobes make isotropic measu-rements.EMR-30 also has a spatialaveraging function and memoryfor 1500 measured values. Bothunits offer remote control viathe optical RS 232 interface.

EM

R-2

0

EM

R-3

0

6

8718 B unit• Backlit display• Results memory• Internal test sources• Optical interface for trans-

ferring measurement data

8715 unit• Easy operation• Spatial averaging• Time averaging• Batteries allow > 50 hours

operating time

8712 unit• Like 8715 but

withoutaveraging

HF / RF / Microwave Measuring Devices for Wireless Applications

The 87xx series is a testsystem with interchangeableprobes for electric andmagnetic fields.

The system was designedprimarily for applications in the < wireless and radar >sectors. A full range ofaccessories is available forsetting up and qualifyingfacilities. All of the measuringdevices have an adjustablealarm threshold.

8712 8715

Display units mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m, mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m,

% of standard % of standard

Averaging — Temporal and spatial

Power source Dry battery Dry battery(E-Block 9V) (E-Block 9V)

Includes Case, battery, Case, battery, 8744-04 cable,

8744-04 cable, 8713B zero-field chamber,

8713B zero-field chamber insulated handle / table-top tripod

Order number 8712 8715

8712

8715

8718

B

Measurement and frequency range see page 8 to 11

7

EMR-200 / EMR-300• Flexible system for measuring

electromagnetic fields• Basic device plus wide range

of accessories• Interchangeable measure-

ment probes• Automatic probe detection• Remote control / RS 232

interface• Memory for 1,500 measured

values (EMR-300)• Spatial averaging (EMR-300)

The < EMR series > offers verysimple operation and highlydependable results. Zeroalignment is automatic – evenin the presence of powerfulfields. The 3-channel, digital-results processing ensures awide dynamic range (up to 65 dB). The alarm threshold isuser-selectable. The setting forthe averaging can be variedfrom 4 seconds to 15 minutes(default = 6 minutes). Thedevices have an optical inter-face to transfer measurementdata and for remote control andcalibration purposes.

8718 B EMR-200 EMR-300

mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m, mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m mW/cm2, W/m2, V/m, A/m

V2/m2,A2/m2, pJ/cm3, % of standard % of standard

% of standard

Temporal and spatial Temporal Temporal and spatial

Rechargeable cell Rechargeable cell or dry Rechargeable cell or batteries (type AA Mignon) dry batteries (type AA Mignon)

Case, rechargeable cell, Case, rechargeable cell, Case, rechargeable cell,

charger, 8744-04 cable, PC transfer set incl. software, PC transfer set incl. software,

8713B zero-field chamber, table-top tripod, charger table-top tripod, charger

PC interface cable with software

8718 B 2244/21 2244/31

EM

R-2

00 EM

R-3

00

Measurement and frequency range see page 8 to 11

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Summary of Probes for the 87xx Series

Frequency response weighted E-field probes (“shaped probes”)

Frequency response weighted H-field probes (“shaped probes”)

Accessories:For extension cables and connectors, see our detailed data sheets at www.narda-sts.com or contactone of our sales associates.

E-field probes

Frequency range Measurement range Model

3 kHz ... 1 MHz 0.1 µW/cm2 to 200 mW/cm2 0.61 to 868 V/m 8782Da

100 kHz ... 300 MHz 100 µW/cm2 to 200 mW/cm2 19.4 to 868 V/m 8764D

300 kHz...3 GHz 0.05 µW/cm2 to 100 µW/cm2 0.5 to 19.4 V/m 8760D

300 kHz...3 GHz 10 µW/cm2 to 20 mW/cm2 6.13 to 274 V/m 8761D

300 kHz...3 GHz 100 µW/cm2 to 200 mW/cm2 19.4 to 868 V/m 8762D

300 kHz...50 GHz 50 µW/cm2 to 20 mW/cm2 13 to 274 V/m 8741D

300 MHz...50 GHz 10 µW/cm2 to 20 mW/cm2 6.13 to 274 V/m 8721D



1 ... 40 GHz 0.5 mW/cm2 to 1000 mW/cm2 43.3 to 1940 V/m 8725D

2 ... 18 GHz 20 µW/cm2 to 20 mW/cm2 8.67 to 274 V/m 8781D

a Model 8782 must be operated with the model 8747 optical interface and 8718B unit.


300 kHz...10 MHz 100 µW/cm2 to 200 mW/cm2 0.0515 to 2.31 A/m 8752D

300 kHz... 10 MHz 1 mW/cm2 to 2 W/cm2 0.163 to 7.29 A/m 8754D

10 MHz ...300 MHz 10 µW/cm2 to 20 mW/cm2 0.0163 to 0.729 A/m 8731D

10 MHz ...300 MHz 50 µW/cm2 to 100 mW/cm2 0.0364 to 1.64 A/m 8733D

H-field probes


300 kHz...200 MHz 0.3 % to 300% of standard A8732D


300 kHz ... 3 GHz 0.6 to 600% of standard x8742D*

300 kHz ... 50 GHz 0.3 to 300% of standard x8722D**

3

2

9

Detection mode Housing design Highlights

1 Active antenna

Compensated diodes 2

Compensated diodes 2 high measurement sensitivity



Compensated diodes and thermocouples 2 Ultrabroadband

Thermocouples 3

Thermocouples 3

Thermocouples 4 Flexible probe neck

Thermocouples 3

Thermocouples 5 Flexible probe neck


Thermocouples 2

Thermocouples 2

Thermocouples 2

Thermocouples 2


Thermocouples 2


Compensated diode 2

Compensated diode and thermocouples 2 Ultrabroadband

5

4

3

2

1

* A8742D = FCC 1997 (occupational/controlled)

= Japan RCR-38 (controlled)B8742D = FCC 1997 (General

Population)

** A8722D = FCC 1997 (occupational/controlled) B8722D = IEEE C95.1-1999 (controlled)C8722D = Canadian Safety Code 6

(1999 RF/Microwave Workers)D8722D = ICNIRP 1998 (occupational)

= CENELEC ENV 50166-2. Jan. 1995 (occupational)= DIN VDE 0848, Part 2, 1991, exposure range 1

A8732D = IEEE C95.1-1999 (controlled)

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Summary of Probes for EMR-200 and EMR-300

* Type 25: For FCC 96-326, Aug. 1996, occupational/controlledJapan, RCR-STD-38, controlled

Type 26: For ICNIRP, 1998, occupationalCENELEC ENV 50166-2. Jan. 1995 occupationalDIN VDE 0848, Part 2, 1991, exposure range 1Canada Safety Code 6, 1993, occupational

Type 27: For NRPB, 1993, no children

E-field probes


100 kHz ...3 GHz 0.0001 to 170 mW/cm2 0.6 to 800 V/m Type 8

100 kHz ...3 GHz 0.00001 to 27.1 mW/cm2 0.2 to 320 V/m Type 18

3 MHz ...18 GHz 0.0002 to 265 mW/cm2 0.8 to 1000 V/m Type 9

10 MHz ...60 GHz 0.0002 to 23.9 mW/cm2 0.8 to 300 V/m Type 11

27 MHz ...40 GHz 0.02 to 4244 mW/cm2 9 to 4000 V/m Type 19

300 MHz ... 50 GHz 0.012 to 100 mW/cm2 6.7 to 614 V/m Type 33


3 kHz ... 3 MHz 2.36 to 2.360.000 mW/cm2 0,25 to 250 A/m Type 13

300 kHz ... 30 MHz 0.01 to 10.900 mW/cm2 0,017 to 17 A/m Type 12

27 MHz ... 1 GHz 0.02 to 9.650 mW/cm2 0,025 to 16 A/m Type 10

80 MHz ...1 GHz 0.0024 to 942 mW/cm2 0,008 to 5 A/m Type 14


300 kHz ... 40 GHz 0.3% to 10000% of standard Type 2x*

H-field-probes

Frequency response weighted E-field probes (“shaped probes”)

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Diodes 1

Diodes 3 High sensitivity

Diodes 1

Diodes 1 Ultrabroadband

Diodes 1

Thermocouples 1


Diodes 2

Diodes 2

Diodes 1

Diodes 1 High measurement sensitivity


Diodes 1 Ultrabroadband

75 mm

32 cm

3

2

1

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Equipment from Narda STSwas developed especially forapplications involving occupa-tional safety and protection ofthe general public, and includesall of the functions you need tomake standards-compliantmeasurements with ease.

Limits for human exposure toelectromagnetic fields aregoverned by various nationaland international standards.Many of these standards arebased on the recommendationsof the < ICNIRP >.

Standards-Compliant Measurements with ConvenientTest Equipment

< Shaped probes > greatly simplify measurements in a

multifrequency environment.

Limits for the electric field:ICNIRP, 1998.

Frequency ranges andapplication fields The frequency spectrum isusually broken down into tworanges: Low frequency up toabout 30 kHz and highfrequency from 30 kHz to 300 GHz (which includes theRF & microwave ranges).

Different applications such asFM radio as well as wirelessand satellite communication areassociated with certain HFranges. To monitor the behaviorof electromagnetic fields, it isnecessary to know the fre-quency since the limits arefrequency-dependent. The oneexception to this is when youare measuring with patented < shaped probes >. TheseNarda STS probes have auto-matic frequency responseweighting so you don’t have toworry about frequency ranges.The results are displayed as a % of standard.

1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G

10

100

1k

10k

100k

0,1f [Hz]

[V/m]

occupational

general public

< ICNIRP >is the “International Commission onNon-Ionizing Radiation Protection”.

For more information, visitwww.icnirp.de

E

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< 3 x wavelength > is a simplified form of the equation R= 0.6 D2: �

Since the < field distribution > is rarely homogeneous, a field needsto be measured at several points.

Near and far fieldsElectromagnetic fields have anelectric field component E [V/m]and a magnetic field componentH [A/m]. In the near field, it isnecessary to measure the E and H fields separately.However, if the distance fromthe field source is < 3 x wave-length > or greater, we are inthe far field. Here, the E and Hfields are related by a constant,and we only have to measureone of them.

Conversions in the far fieldIn the far field, once wemeasure the H field we cancompute the magnitude of the E field and also the powerdensity S (mW/cm2 or W/m2), or vice versa. For conversiontables or a converter, visitwww.narda-sts.com and clickon “Help”. When measuring withone of our devices, you canalso choose the units of yourchoice, e.g., V/m, A/m, mW/cm2

or W/m2.

Zero alignment and thefunctional test after power-on To make precision measure-ments, measuring devices forelectromagnetic fields mustundergo zero alignment afterpower-on or when the temp-erature changes. Depending onthe measuring device, thisprocedure is performed in aconvenient, portable, zero-field

chamber (85xx and 87xxdevices) or using a new auto-matic technique allowinginternal zero alignment – evenin the presence of high fieldstrengths (EMR devices).

After the automatic self test, thefunctional check of the sensorscan use the built-in field source(8718B) or an external source.

Field distributions in timeand spaceSince the < field distribution >is rarely homogeneous, a fieldneeds to be measured atseveral points to truly charac-terize the full-body exposure.Based on these measuredvalues, the quadratic mean isformed. With a measuringdevice from Narda STS, this isa single keypress function (spa-tial averaging). Almost all devi-ces also include an averagingfunction vs. time to perform a 6-minute average, as stipulatedin many standards. The timeinterval can be varied to meetother requirements.

t

Max. Hold

Average Actual

Max. Average

These four values are present in the EMR devices, regardless of what display mode youchoose: Actual Measured Value e.g. in V/m, Max Hold, Average and Max Average.

Field strength

1414

Standardized measurements mustbe < isotropic >,

meaning non-directional:

x2 + y2 + z2

Non-directionalmeasurementsIn a free field, we are usuallydealing with multiple sources ofelectromagnetic radiation. Toproperly assess the exposure, < isotropic > (non-directional)measurements are required.Using a clever sensor arrange-ment, the correct result isobtained no matter how thedevice and fields are situated.

The right sensor and detectorfor every measurementAn E field is normally measuredwith a dipole sensor or asurface-area sensor, while an H field requires a coil.

Surface-area sensors are usedin the Nardalert XT personalmonitor, for example. Theirdesign minimizes the bodilyinfluence on the E field in thelow frequency range.

Depending on the application,diodes and thermoelements areused as detectors.

Thermocouple probes shouldbe used for most radarmeasurements. they alwaysyield true RMS averagemeasurements regardless of

�

Figs. a to d shows different sensorarrangements for isotropic

measurements.

1515

pulse width. The < dynamicrange > is limited to approxi-mately 30 dB so diode probesmust be used for extremely lowlevel measurements. Diodeprobes can also be used tomeasure peak levels.

Frequency responseweighted probes forconvenient testingThere are different personalsafety limits at differentfrequencies. “Shaped probes”take care of the frequency

< Dynamic range > is measured in dB and is a logarithmic power or voltage ratio,e.g., a voltage ratio of 10 : 1corresponds to 20 dB.

issues for you, providing aneasy-to-read display as a % ofstandard.You don’t have to dealwith the actual field strengthlimits or frequencies, enablingquick and simple measure-ments even under complexambient conditions. Narda STSis the only supplier for shapedprobes. Why? We hold thepatent for this feature.

Modulation type: How does itinfluence the measurement?The customary modulationtypes such as amplitude modu-lation (AM, low modulation factor), frequency modulation(FM) and digital modulation(GSM) have minimal influenceon the measurement result.However, this is not the casewith the pulsed signals found inradar applications, whichgenerally have an extremepulse/pause ratio. Here,thermocouples are beneficial(see sensor types).

Sensor

Shaping (according to standard)

Detector

Processing and Display

Frequency response weighted probes for convenient testing

16

How much exposure canmeasuring devices stand?Every measuring device has itsown unique measurementrange. The sensitivity of thedevice determines the lowerlimit of the range. Device over-loading determines the upperlimit. When making measure-ments in unknown fields,always start out with the leastsensitive probe to avoiddestroying the sensors! Withalmost all probes, the over-loading / destruction limits liewell above the personal safetylimits. In some cases you mightchoose to increase sensitivityby changing probes. It’s a goodidea to have an initial look at field conditions using a

< personal monitor > whichyou should carry with you toavoid exposure to hazardousradiation (see the separateNarda STS brochure onpersonal safety applications).

Measurement deviation dueto out-of-band measurementsWithin the defined frequencyrange, frequency responsedeviations of the probes can beminimized using calibrationfactors. If you are measuringoutside of the defined fre-quency range, the measuringdevice will still work, but itssensitivity will decrease signifi-cantly. For example you can useprobe type 8 at lower frequen-cies than the specified limit of 100 kHz.

Carrying a < personal monitor > is a good idea for anyone who has

to work at facilities where HF, RF,and/or microwave fields are

present.

Displayed field

Destruction limit

Incoming field

Measurement range

Intrinsic noise

Amplitude

Out-of-band

Out-of-band

Frequency range of probe

Frequency

Overloading range

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If you are interested in moredetails and practical informationon this very complex topic,consider our HF / RF / Micro-wave training program.

Measurements of high fieldstrengths and long-termmeasurements with datamemory and evaluationNarda STS measuring devicesdesigned for qualification workhave a data memory. If youneed to measure high fieldstrengths or make long-term

measurements, you shouldconsider transferring themeasured values to a PCand/or printer using the opticalinterface included in the devicesand the transfer set. Most of thedevices can be remotely con-trolled via this same interface.

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Narda STS measuring devicesand probes are calibrated priorto delivery to the customer. Thecalibration data are traceable tonational and internationalstandards.

We can recalibrate these samedevices and probes in the < US and Germany >.

The American site also offersan express calibration service(within 10 days). If you are inte-rested in this service, please

The American and Germansites both offer comprehensiveoccupational safety training aswell as training for HF / RF /Microwave. Participants willbecome familiar with:• Basic fundamentals• Individual measurement

techniques• Guidelines for an overall

safety concept.

If you want customized training,please contact your salesassociate or Narda STS in theUS or Germany. < Seminars >are given in the local languageof the country where they takeplace.

Two Sites for Calibration and Repair

Seminars, Courses and HF /RF / Microwave Training

We have sites for calibration and service work in the< US and Germany >.

For current information about our < seminars >,

visit www.narda-sts.com

request an RMA number. Visitwww.narda-sts.com for details.

If a device requires repair, send it to the calibration site, orcontact your sales associate forassistance.

Video-based trainingWe also offer safety trainingand measurement training onvideo cassettes. Contact yoursales associate for details.

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Why Make Your Own Measurements?Let Our EMS Measurement Service Take Charge!

Narda STS Germany offers a < full-featured measurementservice > with quotes, specia-lists to make the measurementsand fully standards-compliantdocumentation.

We use the latest technology,which is calibrated and trace-able to national standards.

Upon request, we will qualifyand inspect (for low frequencyand/or high frequency) any ofthe following:• Systems and equipment• Workplaces• Areas open to the general

publicThis can include both indoorand outside spaces.

The EMS measurement service is your < full-featured measurementservice >.

Your benefits:You savepersonnel and training costs,not to mention the investmentand maintenance expense forstate-of-the-art measuringdevices. We can also provideregularly-scheduled monitoringof your facilities. To order theEMS measurement service,contact Narda STS Germanydirectly.

Narda Safety Test SolutionsSandwiesenstraße 772793 Pfullingen, GermanyFon: +49 (0) 7121-97 32-0Fax: +49 (0) 7121-97 32-90E-Mail: [email protected]

Narda Safety Test Solutions435 Moreland Road

Long Island, NY, USA Fon: (1) 631 231-1700Fax: (1) 631 231-1711

E-Mail: [email protected]

1. PC Transfer Set (included with EMR-200/300)

Order no. 2244/90.34

2.Transport BagOrder no. 2244/60

3. Aluminum Storage Case (included with EMR-200/300)

Order no. 2244/62

4.Table-Top Tripod(included with EMR-200/300)

Order no. 2244/90.32

5.Tripod plus Transport BagOrder no. 2244/90.31

6.Test Generator(27 MHz)

Order no. 2244/90.38

7. Handle420 mm long

Order no. 2250/92.02

8. Extension Cable for ProbesOrder no. 2244/90.35

1. Zero-Field Chamber Order no. 8713B

2.Table-Top Tripod, also serves asHandle for Measuring Device

Order no. 21797900

3. Extension Cable for Probes

4. PC Transfer Set (for 8718B, included with device)

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5

4

3

6

7

1

3

2

8

2

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to c

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ithou

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Accessories for EMR Products

Accessories for 87xx and 85xx Products

Documents

HF, RF & Microwave