HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE EU

Architect Sara Van RompaeyOrder of Architects Belgium

UIA Heritage Work Programme, Region Isara.vanrompaey@skynet.be

Van Nellefabriek, Rotterdam 1929

HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE EU AGENDA

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE

VALUE3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING  5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

AGENDA

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE

VALUE3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

• Legislation and Directives• “Why architects and heritage specialists need to

be involved?”

Middelburg (Nl.), 2009

Legislation and Directives

• Kyoto (1997 – 2005) / Copenhagen (2009) / Cancun (2010)• EU targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to be met by

2020: – 20% compared to 1990 levels– 20% increase in energy efficiency – 20% share of renewable energy in overall EU energy consumption

• EPDB Directive 2002 • Recast EPDB 2010:

– Protected heritage– Historic buildings

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

Legislation and Directives

EPDB Directive 2002 – minimum requirements for new buildings and for major

rehabilitation / refurbishment of buildings– requirements for energy production and distribution– introducing energy certification

Officially protected buildings: National exeptions

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

Villa Noailles, Hyères (Fr.) 1925

Legislation and Directives

Recast EPDB 2010: – minimum energy performance requirements also for the

renovated building elements– System requirements, intelligent metering, active

control systems, regular inspection– EPC when a building is constructed, sold or rented

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ARTSchool Bottelare (B), 1907

Legislation and Directives

Recast EPDB 2010: Member States of the EU now in the process of implementing

Exceptions: Protected heritage and historic buildings1. “in so far as minimum energy performance requirements would

unacceptably alter their character or appearance” 2. “buildings used as places of worship and for religious

activities”.

Level of the requirements is set by the individual Member States: “Try to get involved!” (Belgium: exceptions for street facade of historic non-protected buildings)

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved?”

• Historic buildings (pre 1945) form the core and the image of many European cities

• 10% of building stock• Urgent need for refurbishment and

renovation to bring these buildings to EU energy efficiency standards

• Respect for the main features and cultural value of historic buildings

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

Tavira (P), 2011

“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved?”

• Challenge: – Wall insulation– Window improvement

• Solution? No

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

Sofia (Bg), 2010

“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved?”

• Challenge: – Insulation– Window improvement

• Solution? No, irreversible damage

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ARTMarseille (Fr), 2012

“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved?”

• Challenge: – 18th century stucco ceiling

• Solution? No

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved?”

• Challenge: – Door 1760– 1960 Central heating – Air transport eliminated

• Solution? No

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

“Why architects and heritage specialists need to be involved?”

Before irreversible damage is done, concerted actions, based on sound science, are needed to protect, strengthen and adapt Europe’s unique cultural patrimony

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART

Budapest, 2011

AGENDA

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH

HERITAGE VALUE3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE

“The most sustainable building is the one which is already built.”

• Sustainable materials• Sustainable energy use• Waste management

Sustainable materials: long life, original, renewable

2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE

Parsonage Lemberge (B), 2009 Parsonage Lemberge (B), 1900

Sustainable energy use: construction concept, local, renewable energy sources

2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE

Water mill, Argoules (Fr.), 2010

Waste management: recuperation of materials

2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE VALUE

AGENDA

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE

VALUE3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

“We need a methodology”: CASE STUDY 1• Value assessment• Strategies:

Readability old / newMinimum interventionsReversible interventions

Value assessment We need a methodology

How to find a necessary balance between conservation and evolution?

• The Netherlands: DU-MO-calculation model

• Hungary: methodology "Value-based development program analysis" by Mr Ernő Kálmán, President Association of Hungarian Architects

• EUROPE: CEN EPBD Standard methodology will be further harmonised

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

Value assessment

The Netherlands: DU-MO-calculation model DU-MO profile has 2 parts:

DU= sustainability index (=DUurzaamheid) MO= MOnument coefficient

The MO-coefficient is first of all defined by heritage specialists; only then the DU-index and the level of energy upgrade is decided

Case study 1: VAN NELLE fabriek in Rotterdam (Nl) (=Protected topmonument)

Case study 2: MANOR house Geraardsbergen (B) (= not protected heritage)

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

Value assessment Case study 1: VAN NELLEFABRIEK in Rotterdam (Nl) (=Protected topmonument) high MO, lower DU

Van Nellefabriek (coffee, tea and tobacco from the colonies) dating from 1925-1931, restoration by architect Wessel De Jonge

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

Value assessment Case study 2: MANOR HOUSE Geraardsbergen (B) (= not protected heritage) lower MO, higher DUMore energy upgrading measures are possible

19th century manor house of the Director of a textile factory.

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

Value assessment Case study 1: VAN NELLEFABRIEKhigh Mo-coefficient and a lower DU-index: the historical, esthetic and heritage value is very high. The monument can hardly be touched and may have lower energy performances.

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

StrategiesReadability old / new

Sustainable office building in a monument: box-in-a-box principle

Smart alternatives were found to create an acceptable inner climate without touching the heritage values .

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

Strategies

Minimum interventions

Window frames in steel and single glazing cannot be removed or touched.

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

Strategies

Reversible interventions

Interior windows in between the concrete columns: reversible and can be taken away without damage to the columns, floors or ceilings. Distance of 1 m with an intermediate climate which blocks the cold.

3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES

AGENDA

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE

VALUE3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY

UPGRADING  5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

4. CURRENT POSSIBLITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

“We need new solutions”: CASE STUDY 2• Insulation• Energy supply: heating and hot water• Ventilation

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Keep esthetic value– Insulate– Cost effectiveness

• Solution: no– Energy efficient coatings

and mortars?

INSULATION:WALLSExternal insulation

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Keep esthetic value:

bricks– Insulate– Cost effectiveness

• Solution: no– Lime painting– Radiation selective

coating?

INSULATION:WALLSExternal insulation

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Internal condensation – Change damp-openess

INSULATION:WALLSInternal insulation

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Solution:– No: facades– Yes: attic

INSULATION:WALLSInternal insulation

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Keep valuable wooden

beams– Insulate

INSULATION:ROOF

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Solution: yes

INSULATION:ROOF

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Insulate

• Solution: yes

INSULATION:FLAT ROOFS

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Keep valuable wooden

frame and single glazing– Insulate– Cost effectiveness

INSULATION:WINDOWSWindow improvement

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Possible solutions:– New interior window– Insulating film– Reflective curtains,

shutters, blinds

INSULATION:WINDOWSWindow improvement

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Keep valuable wooden

frames– Single glazing– Insulate– Cost effectiveness

INSULATION:WINDOWSWindow improvement: glass

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Solutions:– New double glazing 1.3

INSULATION:WINDOWSWindow improvement: glass

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Other solutions:- High insulation single glass

(Van Ruysdael)

INSULATION:WINDOWSWindow improvement: glass

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Rotten wooden frames– Single glazing– Cost effectiveness– Ventilation

• Solution: yes

INSULATION:WINDOWSWindow replacement

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Keep plaster decoration– Preserve valuable terrazo

floors & old doors– Thermic & acoustic

isolation

INSULATION:FLOORS

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Solutions: partially

INSULATION:FLOORS

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– No central heating

• Solution: yes– Central heating low

temperature, condensation– Reversible installation

• Other solutions: Alternative energy: solar, wind?

ENERGY SUPPLY: HEATING AND HOT WATER

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

We need new solutions: CASE STUDY 2

• Challenge:– Preserve valuable details

• Solution: yes– Ventilation in new

windows– Mechanical ventilations

bathrooms

VENTILATION

4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING

AGENDA

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY: STATE-OF-THE-ART2. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS WITH HERITAGE

VALUE3. ACTIONS & STRATEGIES4. CURRENT POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY UPGRADING5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

• 3ENCULT • JPI• LINKS (URBACT)• Renovate Europe• CEN TC/346

Renovation of the existing building stock andenergy efficiency improvement of historic buildings = priority in the European research agenda

Efficient ENergy for EU Cultural Heritage• bridges the gap between conservation of historic buildings

and climate protection: active and passive solutions. • Demonstrates the feasibility of “Factor 4” to “Factor 10”

reduction in energy demand, based on the case and heritage value.

• Will show how to reduce energy demand in historic buildings.

RESEARCH & INNOVATION - Environment - Area Cultural Heritage

www.3encult.eu

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

• Bolzano/Bozen (Italy)• Thermography of the Public Weigh House in Bolzano (It)

(Italy)

• Will work on innovative solutions for conservation and energy-efficient refurbishment.

• 8 demonstration sites• Deliverables:

– Handbook with design guidelines for planners– University and professionals training– Presentation at conferences – Publications in journals

www.3encult.eu

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

RESEARCH AND INNOVATION - Environment - Area Cultural Heritage

www.jpi-culturalheritage.eu

Joint Programming InitiativeResearch into strategies, methodologies and tools to safeguard cultural heritage against continuous decay.

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

www.jpi-culturalheritage.eu

Before irreversible damage is done, action is needed to allow Member States to maximize and exploit at best their research efforts.

In each country: National Consultation Panel of 12 experts is been formed now. “Architects, try to join the NCP in your country.”

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

www.urbact.eu

Enables cities • to work together on major urban challenges • to develop pragmatic solutions• to share good practices

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

www.urbact.eu

LINKS Future-proof historic centres

“ECO-RESTORATION”- Improve quality of life in old centres - Create a comfortable, affordable and sustainable housing seeking out a good balance between preservation requirement and evolution need.

Lead partner: City of BAYONNE

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

Old European cities as a key for sustainability

EuroACE (European Alliance of Companies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings)

Ambitious roadmap:• raise the yearly renovation rate to 3% in Europe by 2020• achieve an improvement in energy performance of ~ 80%

RENOVATE EUROPE Campaign www.renovate-europe.eu

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

CEN/TC 346 - Standards now under development

Conservation of Cultural Property• guidelines for improving energy efficiency of

architecturally, culturally or historically valuable buildings while preserving their inherent cultural heritage values.

• CEN Standard for Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings: draft Feasibility study now (02/2012) sent around for comments.

www.CEN.eu

5. INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

CONCLUSIONS

• We will get a DSS, decision support system, a METHODOLOGY for the energy performance upgrade of historic buildings

• We will get NEW SOLUTIONS: non-invasive, reversible and cost-effective new technologies and systems

• We need EDUCATION: CPD in the field of sustainable heritage

Thank you!

Architect Sara Van RompaeyOrder of Architects Belgium

UIA Heritage Work Programme, Region Isara.vanrompaey@skynet.be