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Heredity. notes. Schedule. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Heredity
notes
Schedule
• Monday Oct. 19
Reflective writing about DNA model activityDNA concept map activity
(order may change)Vocab. visualsLab- making fun bugs with gene combinationsLab- flipping coins probabilityGroup activity-DNA concept mapMitosis vs Meiosis - compare Venn diagramPunnett squares practiceEvolution vs. religionNatural selectionReading for Meaning - what is inherited
Preassessment 10/13-10/14
• Preassessment
10/13
• Review core content standards, “I Can” statements
Notes 10/14-10/15
• Note- taking worksheet with PowerPoint• Workbook p. 29-30
DNA 10/15• “twisted ladder”• Found in genes in chromosomes• Two sides of the ladder form the backbone of the
DNA and support it• Each rung (or step) is made up of a pair of
chemicals called bases – contain the genetic information
• There are only 4 different bases – A, T, G, C• A always combines with T, and G always
combines with C
DNA 10/15
• http://www.genomicseducation.ca/educationResources/activities/candy_dna.asp
• DNA model site
DNA – Bellringer 10/19/09
• “Break the code activity” on desks• Do not write on the copy as these will be
reused• Break the code- write answer on paper
DNA notes 10/19/09
• PowerPoint on Ch. 20- review
DNA video 10/19/09
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/dna/
Formative assessment -DNA – 10/19/09 write answer only
• 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic instructions for a body’s characteristics and processes?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication
• 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the molecule?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication
• 3. How many different bases are there in DNA?a. 2 b. Millions c. 4 d. Unknown
4. How many bases are located on each step (or rung) in DNA? a. 2 b. Millions c. 4 d. Unknown5. Where is DNA located?
a. Chromosomes b. Vacuole c. mitochondria d. cell wall
Bellringer 10/20/09 -DNA write question and answer
• 1. Which part of DNA contains the genetic instructions?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication
• 2. Which part of DNA provides support for the molecule?a. Sides (backbone) c. The twisted ladderb. The bases d. Its duplication
• 3. How many different bases are there in DNA?a. 2 b. Millions c. 4 d. unknown
Mitosis – notes 10/20• Mitosis – cell division process to form new body cells • STEPS:• 1. DNA in the nucleus is copied and chromosomes
are duplicated• 2. chromosomes line up at center then divide• 3. nucleus divides once and forms two nucleus• 4. cell divides and forms 2 cells• Cell starts with 46 chromosomes and each new cell
results with 46 chromosomes
Mitosis movie clip 10/20
• Ch. 20 ppt- slide 8• United streaming video clips• http://
player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=703E91B0-1434-45D8-A807-A338A5AC7C4D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Mitosis video 10/20
• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078778066/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#
• mitosis
Mitosis – 10/20
• Mitosis modeling activity with black and yellow pipe cleaners and circle paper cells
Mitosis – bellringer 10/21/09• 1. What is formed by mitosis?• A. Sex cells b. Body cells• C. Fertilization d. Heredity
2. What is the first step in mitosis?a. Nucleus divides c. DNA is copiedb. b. 2 cells are formed
3. How many nucleus are formed with mitosis?a. 46 b. 2 c. 4 d. unknown
Meiosis – notes 10/21• Process that forms sex cells• STEPS:• 1. DNA is duplicated• 2. Nucleus divides twice- total of four• 3. Four sex cells form• Each new sex cell has 23 chromosomes-
starting cell had 46
Meiosis video 10/21
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=B4B44BE8-73D7-4C4C-B7A2-F32F31B29CDD&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
• United streaming meiosis clip
Meiosis activity 10/21
Modeling with pipe cleaners and paper cells
Meiosis – bellringer 10/22/091. How many cells are formed at the end of
meiosis?a. 2 b. 1 c. 4 d. 232. In meiosis, there are _____ chromosomes in
the starting cell and ends with ____ chromosomes in each sex cell.
a. 46, 46 b. 2, 4 c. 2, 1 d. 46, 233. What is formed with meiosis?a. Body cells b. Sex cells c. New shoes
10/23 Chromosome match activity
• Workbook p. 9-12
Mitosis vs. meiosis 10/23
• Copy chart on p. 595
10/23 Cell division video- 19 min.
• Cell division – mitosis, meiosis, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, chromosomes
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=703E91B0-1434-45D8-A807-A338A5AC7C4D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Asexual reproduction 10/23
• a new organism is made from a part of another organism by mitosis and cell division
• Receives all DNA from one parent- DNA will be the same
Sexual reproduction 10/23
• New organism is produced from the DNA of two parent cells
M&M 10/23/09 formative• 1. How many cells are formed at the end of mitosis?• A. 4 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 2. How many cells are formed at the end of meiosis?• A. 4 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 3. During mitosis, there are ____chromosomes in the starting
cell and ____ chromosomes in each cell at the end.• A. 46, 23 b. 46, 46 c. 2, 1 d. 1, 2• 4. During meiosis, there are ____chromosomes in the starting
cell and ____ chromosomes in each cell at the end.• A. 46, 23 b. 46, 46 c. 2, 1 d. 1, 2• 5. What are formed during mitosis?• A. Body cells b. Sex cells c. New kinds of genes• 6. What are formed during meiosis?• A. Body cells b. Sex cells c. New kinds of genes
Mitosis vs. meiosis – bellringer 10/26
• Mitosis vs. meiosis stages with pictures in workbook
• MC questions 3
Asexual reproduction 10/26
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/asexualreproduction/
• BrainPop video
Cloning video
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cloning/
• BrainPop
Cloning article 10/26
• http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20040128/Feature1.asp
• Animal clones: Double trouble?• Using playdoh, make a clone
Regeneration article 10/26
• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Regeneration.html
• Make before and after organism with Playdoh that have undergone regeneration
• 2 models- 1st organism body part missing» 2nd organism with body part regrown
Budding article 10/26
• Budding article • http://hubpages.com
/hub/Is-Sex-Necessary-for-Reproduction• Make an organism before and after using
budding for reproduction
Asexual reproduction 10/26
• 1. budding – a new individual grows from the parent
• EX. Potato, hydra• 2. cloning – making exact copies of organisms –
gets DNA from only one parent cell• Ex. Dolly the sheep was a clone• 3. Regeneration – replacing injured or missing
body parts by growing new ones Ex. Starfish (arm), chameleon (tail)
Asexual activity 10/26
• 3 articles – 1 each on budding, regeneration, and cloning
• Use playdoh to model before and after of organism in each process
• Partner activity
Asexual reproduction-bellringer 10/27formative assessment—please turn this in on blank paper
write question and answer only1. How many parent cells does DNA come from in
asexual reproduction?a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 46
2. Making an exact copy from DNA from one parent is
a. Budding b. Cloning c. regeneration3. Making new body parts when one is missing or
injured isa. Budding b. Cloning c. Regeneration
4. Growing an individual directly from one parent isa. Budding b. Cloning c. regeneration
A & S Asexual vs. sexual FormativeBellringer – only write answer
• 1. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in asexual reproduction?
• A. 1 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 2. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in sexual
reproduction?• A. 1 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 3. A new individual grows directly on the parent in• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning• 4. Replacing injured or missing body parts by growing new ones
is• A. Regeneration b. budding c. cloning• 5. Process of making exact copies of organisms is• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning
Asexual vs. sexual bellringer10/27
• 1. How many parent cells will the DNA come from in asexual reproduction?
• A. 1 b. 2 c. 23 d. 46• 2. A new individual grows directly on the parent in• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning• 3. Replacing injured or missing body parts by growing new
ones is• A. Regeneration b. budding c. cloning• 4. Process of making exact copies of organisms is• A. Regeneration b. Budding c. cloning
Pet behavior- reading for meaning 10/27
• Pet behavior• Reading for meaning activity with pet behaviors• Read the 5 statements and circle “agree” or
“disagree” for each• Then read the article. As you are reading, write
evidence that supports the statement in one side and evidence that does not support statement on the other side
Bellringer 10/28/09write question and answer
• 1. What is responsible for behavior?a. Heredityb. Environmentc. Bothd. neither
Behavior notes 10/28
• Learned - acquire or influence from environment, friends, familytrial-and-error
• Inherited - instinct – born with it
Behavior – video clip 10/28
• BrainPOP video• http://www.brainpop.com/science/
ecologyandbehavior/behavior/• “Behavior”
Behavior – assessment 10/28
• BrainPOP formative assessment from handout
Adaptations 10/28
• Behavioral- activities: Migration, hibernation• Structural- body parts: webbed feet, fur, color, feathers, wings, etc.
Adaptations “Reciprocal reading” 10/28
• Read polar bear article• Open response
bellringer 10/29/09
• 1. Wings on a bird is what type of adaptation?• A. Structural• B. behavioral
• 2. A bear hibernating for the winter is what type of adaptation?
• A. Structural• B. behavioral
Adaptations “Reciprocal reading” 10/29 (finished)
• Read polar bear article• Open response• A. Describe 3 ways in which the baby cub
polar bear will resemble its mother.• B. Describe 1 behavior that the baby cub will
have to learn from its mother.
Bellringer 10/30
• Have open response ready to review – finish if needed
Make a foldable with 8 strips 10/30
1. Gene- part of a chromosome that has the information about a trait
2. Trait – inherited characteristic ex. Eye color, hair color, etc.
3. Allele- each gene of the gene pair; they combine to determine how the trait is shownEx. Attached earlobe= a Unattached earlobe=A
Genes mom + dad = 1 pair chromosomes
Traits: Lab activity 10/30
• “Genetic traits: the unique you”• Hook: How are 3 genetic traits expressed
among your classmates?• Workbook P. 7-8• Suggestions: earlobe, curl tongue, curly or
straight hair, freckles, dimples
Dominant and recessive
11/2/09
Bellringer 11/2/09write question and answer
• 1. “Freckles” is an example of a type of a. Trait b. Gene c. chromosome
Previously…..11/2
• During the last class, we created foldables with information about genes, alleles, and traits.
• We introduced different types of traits and collected data by performing a class survey involving 3 different traits.
Alleles 11/2
• Each individual usually has 2 alleles (or genes) for each trait. For example, you have 2 alleles for dimples, 2 more for freckles, and 2 more for unattached or attached earlobes.
• Infer….• From previous information, where does the 2
alleles come from that determine a trait?• It is how these 2 alleles are combined that
determines which trait is shown.
Heredity 11/2
• Hook: What does flipping a coin have in common with heredity?
Alleles 11/2
• Each of your parents have 2 alleles for a trait• Usually you receive one allele from the female
parent and one from the male parent • Chance, or luck, determines which gene you
get from each parent….just like flipping a coin
Heredity video clip 11/2
• http://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/heredity/
Alleles- 11/2 complete foldable with these notes
• Dominant allele- covers or hides the other allele “bully”– Capital letter
• Recessive allele – is covered or hid because of the other allele– Lower case letter
Example of allele combinations 11/2
• 1. The trait is freckles freckles = A no freckles = a
Infer…. What trait will result? AA =
aa =Aa =
Alleles- 11/2 complete foldable with these notes
• Dominant allele- blocks or hides the other allele – Capital letter – Shows when dominant + dominant OR dominant +
recessive combine; AA or Aa
• Recessive allele – is blocked or hid because of the other allele– Lower case letter– Only shows when recessive + recessive combine; aa
Pure vs. hybrid 11/2
• Pure = genes are the same for a trait• AA or aa
• Hybrid = genes are different for a trait• Aa
Allele lab activity 11/2
• Each table should have 2 bags, one labeled with “Mom” and the other with “Dad”
• There should be two alleles in each bag, one “A” and the other “a”
• These two parents will have 10 offspring• Lab worksheet “Identifying alleles” Review
instructions• Model with bags and how to fill out worksheet
Formative assessment “DR” 11-2-09
Use this information to help answer the following questions: A = Freckles a = no freckles
1. According to the above information, what type of allele is freckles?a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Neither d. Both
2. What type of allele is “no freckles”?a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Neither d. Both
3. If an offspring has an allele combination of Aa, what trait will be shown by that offspring?a. Freckles b. No freckles c. Will not know d. Both
4. What allele combination must an offspring have to show “no freckles”?a. AA b. Aa c. aa d. None of these
Bellringer 11-3-09• If W = widow’s peak and w = no widow’s peak,
what allele combination might show a widow’s peak?
• A. WW• B. Ww• C. ww• D. Both Ww and WW• E. All of the above
Mutations, variation, specialized breeding 11/3
• Mutation – permanent change in DNA • May be beneficial, harmful, or neutral for the
organism• Ex. 4 leaf clover• Caused by viruses, radiation, etc.• Variations- different ways a trait can show
itself- Ex. Eye color, skin color, hair color• Specialized breeding – to create animals with
desired traits
Mutation video 11/3
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/geneticmutations/
• mutation
evolution
• Charles Darwin- theory of evolution and natural selection
• Natural selection- organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive; “survival of the fittest”
• Evolution – genes are changed in organisms from one generation to the next
evolution
• Charles Darwin – father of theory of evolution• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/
0078778069/student_view0/unit5/webquest_projects.html
Variations and mutations Evolution video clips
• Brainpop http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/
• Video: Human evolution• Video: Charles darwin
Variations and mutations Natural selection video clip
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/
• Natural selection activity sheets from video
Punnett square calculator
• http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/
• Tour of the basics
Vocab visuals- foldable
word Book definition Picture / own definition/ examples
heredity
genetics
gene
allele A gene of a gene pair
variation
mutation
Selective breeding Breeding organisms to produce offspring with desired traits
• http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/traitstree.pdf
• http://www.teachervision.fen.com/tv/printables/DominantvsRecessive.pdf
• http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/traitsrecipe.pdf
genetics
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/genetics/
• genetics
Mastery lab activity: adaptations
• http://chalk.richmond.edu/education/projects/webquests/adaptations/
• Adaptations – giving a scenario and creating an animal to live in that environment
Behavior video clips
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/
Migration• Conditioning• hibernation
• http://www.sciencekidsathome.com/science_topics/genetics-a.html#more
Meiosis movie clip
• Ch. 20 ppt – slide 22
DNA, mitosis, meiosis
• DNA concept map• Workbook p. 17
Asexual vs. sexual reproduction• Make a VENN diagram comparing asexual and
sexual reproduction• P. 593-594
Vocab visuals- foldableword Book definition Picture / own definition/
examples
mitosis
Meiosis
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Cloning
chromosome Structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information
Budding Process in which an organism reproduces
regeneration Process in which body parts are replaced that have been lost because of injury
DNA Chemical inside cells that contains hereditary information
fertilization
DNA reflection- formative(separate piece of paper to turn in)
• Write a paragraph reflecting the DNA model that you created.
• Include: • what each piece of the model (twizzlers,
marshmallow, and toothpicks) represented• what colors did you pair together and why?
Mitosis vs. meiosis
• Make a compare / contrast of mitosis and meiosis with a Venn diagram or graphic organizer of your choice
Which letter corresponds with the gene pair that is pure?
A. AB. BC. CD. none are pure
Lab activity
• “modeling probability”• Flip coin activity• P. 4 workbook
Lab activity
• Making fun bugs—determine bug traits • Big marshmallows, little colored
marshmallows, googly eyes, toothpicks, glue, pipecleaners
Lab activity
• “Getting DNA from onion cells”• Hook: How is DNA taken out of cells?• Workbook p. 5-6
• Foldable• Workbook p. 15
Bellringer
• Transparency• Workbook p. 40
• DNA• Workbook p. 44 answer questions
Present Human Body Corporation projects
• Present from file folder on my email “organ project 2nd period and allow students to make presentations
• Have students to rate them as follows:• Presentation 1-10• Overall Project 1-10• Persuasiveness to not be fired 1-10• At end, students to turn in papers
The role of genes in behavior – reading for meaning
Virtual lab
• How are inherited traits of parents expressed in offspring?
• Practice with punnet squares• Use virtual lab CD or link
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/unit5/chapter20/virtual_lab.html
• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078778069/164155/00053413.html
• “Mitosis”• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/
0078778069/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#
• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078778069/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#
• “Fertilization and birth”
Find a percentage• When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent is a hybrid
for a certain trait. That means that the parent has a dominant and recessive allele for that trait.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the recessive allele? A) 75% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 2
• When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent has two dominant alleles.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the dominant allele? A) 100% B) 25% C) 75% D) 50% 3
• When sex cells form, each allele separates from its partner. Each sex cell will contain only one allele for each trait. (Assume that a parent has two dominant alleles.) What percent of the parent's sex cells will contain the recessive allele? A) 25% B) 0% C) 50% D) 100% 4
• Some diseases in humans are a result of recessive traits. What percent of the sex cells produced by a parent would have an allele for this recessive trait? A) 75% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 5
• Assume one parent is a hybrid for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 50% B) 25% C) 75% D) 100% 6
• Assume one parent has 2 recessive alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 75% B) 25% C) 100% D) 50% 7
• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 100% B) 25% C) 50% D) 0% 8
• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent is a hybrid for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the recessive trait? A) 50% B) 25% C) 0% D) 75% 9
• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent has 2 recessive alleles for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the dominant trait? A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 25% 10
• Assume one parent has 2 dominant alleles for a trait, and the other parent is a hybrid for the same trait. When the sex cells join, what is the percent chance that the offspring will have the dominant trait? A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 0%