“HERE COMES THE SUN” A STUDY OF ELECTRICITY AND PHOTOVOLTAICS Institute Of Electrical And...
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“HERE COMES THE SUN” A STUDY OF ELECTRICITY AND PHOTOVOLTAICS Institute Of Electrical And Electronic Engineers, Phoenix Section Teacher In Service Program / Engineers In The Classroom (TISP/EIC) “Helping Students Transfer What Is Learned In The Classroom To The World
“HERE COMES THE SUN” A STUDY OF ELECTRICITY AND PHOTOVOLTAICS Institute Of Electrical And Electronic Engineers, Phoenix Section Teacher In Service Program
HERE COMES THE SUN A STUDY OF ELECTRICITY AND PHOTOVOLTAICS
Institute Of Electrical And Electronic Engineers, Phoenix Section
Teacher In Service Program / Engineers In The Classroom (TISP/EIC)
Helping Students Transfer What Is Learned In The Classroom To The
World Beyond
Slide 3
Copyright Notice This presentation includes material copied
from the web sites: HowStuffWorks How Solar Cells Work,
http://http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm
(Copyright 1998-2010 HowStuffWorks, Inc.) Explain that stuff! Solar
Cells http://www.explainthatstuff.com/solarcells.html Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell The Sun,
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/sun.html
Tennessee Valley Authority, Coal-Fired Power Plant,
http://www.tva.gov/power/coalart.htm The Electricity Book,
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks2/science/electricity_boo
k1/index.htm and Here Comes The Sun from the Abbey Road album,
1969, by the Beatles This presentation may only be used free of
charge and only for educational purposes, and may not be sold or
otherwise used for commercial purposes
http://http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/solarcells.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cellhttp://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/sun.html
http://www.tva.gov/power/coalart.htm
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks2/science/electricity_boo
k1/index.htm IEEE ASL 2 May 2012
Slide 4
Comments on Solar Cars A solar car is an electric car powered
from solar panels on the surface (generally, the roof) of the
vehicle Solar vehicles are not practical day-to-day transportation
devices at present, but are primarily demonstration vehicles. 3 May
2012 IEEE ASL
Slide 5
The Solar Model Car You Will Build 4May 2012IEEE ASL Solar
panels Rear Wheel Axle with Gear Assembly Motor Front Wheel Axle
Assembly Cardboard Chassis
Slide 6
What is the Sun??? May 2012 5 IEEE ASL
Slide 7
What Is The Sun? 10,000F Surface 27,000,000 F Center 1,300,000
Earths May 20126 IEEE ASL The Sun is the STAR at the center of our
Solar System The Sun has a diameter of about 1,392,000 kilometers
(865,000 mi). By itself accounts for about 99.86% of the Solar
System's mass
Slide 8
Solar Energy From 400 Million Years Ago Coal, petroleum and
natural gas formed from buried plant life They are carbon-based
fossil fuels These are often referred to as "buried sunshine The
sunlight is transformed through photosynthesis How do we convert
this energy into useful work? SunlightPhotosynthesisPlant Life
Cycle Heat, Pressure & TimeCarbon Based Compounds May 20127
IEEE ASL
Slide 9
Coal (Or Gas Or Oil) Fired Electric Power Plant 8 May 2012 IEEE
ASL
Slide 10
What Are The Two Main Properties Of The Sun? AC OUT 2. Light 1.
Heat Solar Thermal Power Arrays generate steam to drive Turbine
Solar Cell Power Arrays generate electricity directly No
Turbines/Generators! May 20129 IEEE ASL
Slide 11
What Are Some Uses Of Electricity? 10 May 2012IEEE ASL Lighting
Air conditioning Cooking Ironing Electric Motors Toasters
Television Computers iPods Cell Phones Electric Guitars Welding
Electric drill Table saw And on and on and on. In fact, life as you
know it today would be completely impossible without
electricity!
Slide 12
Types of Electricity 11IEEE ASLMay 2012 Alternating Current -
AC Direct Current - DC Dry CellsSolar CellsWet Cells Batteries
Slide 13
Direct Current Sources 12 IEEE ASL May 2012 Batteries produce
Direct Current (DC) like solar cells. Batteries create electricity
by an electrochemical action. Solar cells create electricity by
exposure to light.
Slide 14
But What Is Electricity And What Are Its Properties? Deuterium
Atom Copper Atom Electricity is the result of electrons moving in a
uniform direction in material. This occurs best when the material
is made up of atoms with free outer electrons IEEE ASL May
201213
Slide 15
14May 2012IEEE ASL The movement of free electrons forms an
electric current An Electric Circuit is formed by a Conductor to
allow for the continuous movement of free electrons
Slide 16
What Is A Solar Cell? 15 Solar Cell Symbol May 2012IEEE ASL A
Solar Cell is also known as a Photovoltaic (PV) Cell It converts
the energy of sunlight directly into electricity Photovoltaic
combination of 2 Greek words Photo Light Voltaic Electric or
Voltage
Slide 17
What Makes A Solar Cell? A solar cell is a sandwich of two
different layers of silicon material. The lower layer is p-type The
upper layer n-type Then metal layers are placed on top and bottom.
16 IEEE ASL May 2012
Slide 18
How Do Solar Cells Work? 17 IEEE ASL May 2012 2 1 5 1.When
sunlight shines on the cell, photons (light particles) bombard the
upper surface. 2.The photons carry their energy down through the
cell. 3.The photons give up their energy to electrons in the lower,
p-type layer. 4.The electrons use this energy to jump across the
barrier into the upper, n-type layer and escape out into the
circuit. 5.Flowing around the circuit, the electrons make the lamp
light up. 3 4
Slide 19
18May 2012 IEEE ASL
Slide 20
Electrical Nature of Matter 19IEEE ASLMay 2012 Materials that
permit the motion of free electrons are called Conductors.
CONDUCTORS Silver Copper Gold Aluminum Brass Zinc Iron INSULATORS
Dry Air Glass Mica Rubber Asbestos Bakelite PVC Teflon Plastics
Materials that oppose the motion of electrons are called Insulators
Conductors are said to have low resistance while insulators have
high resistance
Slide 21
Non Connected Electrical Circuit 20 IEEE ASL May 2012
Slide 22
Connected Electrical Circuit 21 IEEE ASL May 2012
Slide 23
Some Electrical Terms 22 IEEE ASL May 2012 V IR P VI Voltage
(volts, V) V Amperes (amps, A) I Resistance (ohms, ) R Power
(watts, W) P
Slide 24
OHMs LAW I = V R P = V I V (voltage) R resistance May 2012 IEEE
ASL 23
Slide 25
May 2012 IEEE ASL 24
Slide 26
How to connect circuits Series Circuit Parallel Circuit May
2012 IEEE ASL 25
Slide 27
How to connect circuits Series Circuit Parallel Circuit May
2012 IEEE ASL 26
Slide 28
How to connect circuits Series Circuit Parallel Circuit May
2012 IEEE ASL 27
Slide 29
We Can Connect Batteries In Series And / Or Parallel 28 1.5V 3
W light bulb 1.0A 1.5V 3.0V Series Circuit 3.0V 3 W light bulb 0.5A
1.0A Series - Parallel Circuit Power = Voltage Current May 2012IEEE
ASL P VI
Slide 30
Gear Drive Solar Model Car 29May 2012IEEE ASL
Slide 31
Applying the Series/Parallel Concept to the Solar Car 30 Series
Circuit Parallel Circuit Power = Voltage Current 1.0V 1.5A 0.5V
3.0A 1.5A May 2012 IEEE ASL
Slide 32
Lets Build Some Solar Powered Cars! May 2012 31 IEEE ASL
Slide 33
Elements of The Solar Model Car 32May 2012IEEE ASL Solar panels
Rear Wheel Axle with Gear Assembly Motor Front Wheel Axle Assembly
Chassis
Slide 34
Lets Build Some Solar Powered Cars! 1.Use foam board or
corrugated plastic for the chassis 2. Make sure the axles are wider
than the chassis 3.Assemble the wheels and gears on the axles with
the axles through straws (use washers between the end of the straw
and the wheels / gear) 4.Cut the straw length the same as the gap
between the wheels to prevent the wheels binding on the chassis,
but leave a little slack between the wheels 5.Tape the straws
firmly to the chassis; for rear axle needs to be on top of the
chassis, NOT underneath the chassis, or the gears will not mesh
properly 6.Make sure the axles are parallel 7.Clip the motor to the
chassis on top of the chassis, NOT underneath the chassis (it will
rub on the ground otherwise) and align the gears so they mesh, but
not too tightly 8.Assemble the solar panel (directions on the
following charts) 9.Assemble a tilted platform for the solar array;
note the direction to the sun! 10.Fit the solar array on the
platform and connect the wires from the motor to the array
connection pads with clips, red to + and black to 11.Handle the
solar panels gently; they are fragile! DONT bend or cut them!
12.Keep the car as light weight as possible 13.Reverse the wires if
the car runs backwards 33 May 2012 IEEE ASL
Slide 35
Assembling Solar Cells Into A Panel Solar panels are made by
gluing solar cells onto an insulating sheet and connecting them
electrically in series The voltages add but the current is equal to
that of a single cell For our solar car project we are providing
two panels, each with three cells in series The current capability
of a single cell is 1.5A and the voltage is 0.5V So for the three
cell panel the current capability if 1.5A and the voltage is 1.5V
34 IEEE ASL May 2012
Slide 36
Connecting The Panel To A Motor The electric motor you will be
using for the solar cars requires 1.5 3.0V and 2.1 2.2A in order to
start to run from stop If you connected two panels in series you
would generate 3.0V and 1.5A If you connected them in parallel you
would generate 1.5V and 3.0A Electric motors require current rather
than voltage to start from stop so the parallel connection is
recommended in this case 35 IEEE ASL May 2012
Slide 37
Panels Connected In Parallel 36 May 2012IEEE ASL Aluminum Foil
used here
Slide 38
Solar Car Solar Array Assembly Process 37 May 2012IEEE ASL
Slide 39
Step #1: Add Positive (+) Aluminum Foil Strip To Panel #1 38
May 2012IEEE ASL
Slide 40
Step #2: Add Negative (-) Aluminum Strip To Panel #2 39 May
2012IEEE ASL
Slide 41
Step #3: Final Assembly 40 May 2012IEEE ASL
Slide 42
Elements of The Solar Model Car 41May 2012IEEE ASL Solar panels
Rear Wheel Axle with Gear Assembly Motor Front Wheel Axle Assembly
Cardboard Chassis
Slide 43
May 2012 IEEE ASL 42
Slide 44
Residential Solar System 43 IEEE ASL May 2012 Video of
residential Solar System
Slide 45
Solar Demo Circuit 400 watt, dc/ac inverter 110v ac A A A A V V
Battery Charge Controller Solar Panels May 2012 IEEE ASL 44