Herbicide Screening Trials (3 year Data)! Old Pecan Orchard (page 1)

Objective of Study: To examine levels of competition control and damage to longleaf pine seedlings from pre. & post-emergent herbicides applications.

Planted: , Early March 1997 with bareroot longleaf from Hauss Nursery.

Herbicide Treatments: Sixteen different treatments were applied. Five treatments were applied pre­emergent (April 22, 97). Ten treatments were applied post-emergent (May 20, 97). Treatments were evaluated on July 17, 97. Entire site was treated with 5 quarts glilphosatel acre in the fall prior to planting.

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Rank I Chemical Applied Mortality 3 Height in Feet Date i (Ranked Best to Worst by Mortality at age 3. years post­ (at Age 3) Herbicide

planting Applied #1 Check (No Chemical) 17% 1.67

i #2 Accord 20 oz 25% 2.42 May 20, 97 1#3 5 oz Arsenal 2 oz Oust 27% 1.86 May 20, 97 ! #4 40Z0ust 35% 1.88 April 22, 97

I #5 2 OZ Oust 37% 2.47 Apri122,97 1#6 10.72 oz Ve1par 37% 3.16 Apri122,97

#7 2.5 Arsenal 45% 1.63 May 20. 97 #8 16 oz Accord 2 oz Oust 47% 2.57 May 20,97 #9 Accord 16 oz 50% 2.99 May 20, 97 #10 Escort.50z 52% 0.83 May 20,97 #11 5 oz Arsenal 53% 1.69 May 20,97 #12 7.5 oz Arsenal 57% 1.69 May 20,97 #13 6 oz Arsenal 2 oz Oust 58% ! 0.89 April 22. 97 #14 1.5 Oust+ 10.72 oz Velpar 60% 1.94 April 22. 97 #15 Escort 2 oz 60% 2.32 May 20, 97 #16 Escort 1 oz 73% 1.41 May 20,97

Ranking Ranked From Best to Worst in Total Percentage Bareground Date % Bare (July 17, 97) Rates are per Acre. Herbicide Ground (July

Applied 17, 1997) #1 Arsenal 5 ozl Oust 2 oz May 20, 97 88.3% #2 Accord 16 ozl Oust 2 oz May 20, 97 63.3% #3 Oust 1.5 ozl Ve1par DF 10.72 oz April 22, 97 48.3% #4 Arsenal 6 ozl Oust 2 oz April 22, 97 45% #5 Oust 4 oz April 22, 97 43.3% #6 Oust 2 oz Apri122,97 31.7% #7 Arsenal 7.5 oz May20, 97 20.0% #8 Arsenal 5 oz May 20, 97 11.7% #9 Accord 20 oz May 20, 97 9.3% #10 Escort 2 oz May20, 97 9.0% #11 Arsenal 2.5 oz May 20, 97 5.7% #12 Velpar DF 10.72 oz Apri122,97 4.3% #13 Escort.50z May 20, 97 4.3% #14 Escort 1 oz May 20, 97 4.3% #15 Accord 16 oz I May 20, 97 4.3% #16 Check (No chemical) 3.3%

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Herbicide Screening Trials! Old Pecan Orchard (Page 2)

Ranking Chemical Applied IDate Height in Feet Mortality 3 (Ranked Best to Worst by Height at age 3. Herbicide at Age 3 years post-

i Applied planting

• #1 10.72 oz Velpar April 22, 97 3.16 37% #2 Accord 16 oz May 20, 97 2.99 50% #3 16 oz Accord 2 oz Oust May 20,97 2.57 47% #4 20Z0ust A:pril22, 97 2.47 37%

• #5 Accord 20 oz May 20,97 2.42 25% #6 Escort 2 oz May 20, 97 2.32 60% #7 1.5 Oust+ 10.72 oz Velpar April 22, 97 1.94 60% #8 40Z0ust April 22, 97 1.88 0

• #9 5 oz Arsenal 2 oz Oust May 20, 97 1.86 27% #10 7.5 oz Arsenal May 20,97 1.69 57% #11 5 oz Arsenal May 20, 97 1.69 53%

! #12 Check (No Chemical) 1.67 17% #13 Escort .5 oz May 20,97 0.83 52%

2.5 Arsenal May 20,97 1.63 45%

~ Escort 1 oz May 20,97 1.41 73% #16 6 oz Arsenal 2 oz Oust April 22, 97 0.89 58%

Most Important Point: This site was sprayed with 5 quarts/acre ofglyphosate (Roundup or Accord) to give us some initial control ofthe grasses, especially bermuda. Previous plantings failed on this site, even with release treatments applied. It is important that you treat grasses before you plant longleaf pine (See: Keys to Successfully Planting Longleaf Pine and Dichotomous Key for Site Preparation) either by chemical site prep and/or scalping. Herbicide Efficacy: Initial assessments appear to show that the check plot and treatments with Oust included ranked best in percentage ofsurviving seedlings. Arsenal (5 o:zJacre) Oust (2 o:zJacre) tank-mix applied post­emergent yields the best competition control with acceptable levels ofdamage to longleaf seedlings. However, the Arsenal-Oust tank mix is not labeled for longleaf, and the Arsenal 6 oz & Oust 2 oz tank mix had much greater mortality of longleaf.

Escort appears to cause fairly significant damage to longleaf seedlings with little-to-no competition control ofgrasses or broadleaves.

Accord caused little damage to the longleaf at the tested rates; however, it also ranked fairly low in competition controL

Oust worked reasonably well by itself and in combinations with Accord or Arsenal. Oust appears to be a very versatile and useful herbicide which will be investigated further. Arsenal did not perform well by itself, but appears to work well as a post-emergent when combined with Oust.

Other Pertinent Info: Escort in not labeled for use over longleaf. At this time we see no need to pursue labeling ofEscort for use with young longleaf seedlings.

Accord is now labeled for use over the top of longleaf pine seedlings at 20 0:zJAcre. Arsenal, Oust, & Velpar are also labeled for use over longleaf pine seedlings (See Longleaf Note #1) Primary Weed Species This Site 1. Rustgrass Polypremum procumbens 6 Horseweed Erigeron canadensis 2. Bermuda Grass Cynondon dactylon 7 Indian Hemp Sida rhombifolia 3. Crabgrass 4. Dog Fennel

Digitaria spp Eupatorium spp.

8 9

Morning Glory Sicklepod

Ipomea spp. Senna occidentalis

5. Goose Grass Eleusine indica 10 Poor Joe Diodia spp.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Trt # Chemical

Check Velpar DF/Oust Oust Arsenal/Oust Arsenal/Oust Atrazine Atrazine/Oust Oust & Arsenal Fusilade Velpar DF Velp~ DF

Active Ingredient

N/A hexazinone/sulfometuron sulfometuron imazapyrl sulfometuron imazapyr 1sulfometuron atrazine atrzaine/ sulfometuron sulfometuron 1 imazapyr fluazifop-P-butyl hexazinone hexazinone

ai/acre

N/A 0.5 lb 1 1.5 oz 1.50z 2.16/1.4 2.16 11.5 oz 27.52oz 27.521 1.5 oz 1.5 oz & 2.16 5.88oz 1 Ib 51b

product/acre

N/A 10.67 oz 12 oz 20z 4 oz/2 oz 4 oz/2 oz 640z 64/20z 2 oz&4 oz 240z 21.34oz 10.67oz

Timing

4/7/99 4/7/99 4/7/99 4/7/99 5112/99 4/7/99 4/7/99 4/7/99 & 5112/99 (2 applications) 4/7/99 & 5/12/99 (2 applications) 5/12/99 4/7/99

Trt#1 Trt #2 Trt #3 Trt #4 Trt #5 Trt #6 Trt #7 Trt #8 Trt #9 Trt #10 Trt #11 dead (All Plots) 48.3% 27.1% 29.6% 37.5% 30.4% 42.9% 37.5% 26.3% 40.4% 41.3% 46.7% dead (Scalp Plots) 26.3% 11.3% 8.8% 10.0% 15.0% 16.3% 32.5% 7.5% 27.5% 22.5% 21.3% dead (Chemical Plots) 55.0% 25.0% 25.0% 45.0% 23.8% 56.3% 28.8% 37.5% 32.5% 53.8% 52.5% dead (Check Plots) 63.8% 45.0% 55.0% 57.5% 52.5% 56.3% 51.3% 33.8% 61.3% 47.5% 66.3%

Grass Stage (All) 71.0% 39.4% 39.1% 36.7% 40.7% 38.0% 40.7% 36.2% 65.7% 43.3% 32.0% Grass Stage (Scalp) 49.2% 26.8% 20.5% 20.8% 30.9% 16.4% 27.8% 17.6% 58.6% 22.6% 19.0% Grass Stage(Chemical) 88.9% 43.3% 46.7% 31.8% 39.3% 57.1% 33.3% 46.0% 57.4% 35.1% 26.3% Grass Stage (Check) 93.1% 54.5% 63.9% 76.5% 60.5% 60.0% 69.2% 52.8% 93.5% 81.0% 70.4%

Starting Hgt Growth(AII Plots) 29.0% 60.6% 60.9% 63.3% 59.3% 62.0% 59.3% 63.8% 34.3% 56.7% 68.0% Starting Hgt Growth(Scalp Plots) 50.8% 73.2% 79.5% 79.2% 69.1% 83.6% 72.2% 82.4% 41.4% 77.4% 81.0% Starting Hgt Growth(Chemical Plots) 11.1% 56.7% 53.3% 68.2% 60.7% 42.9% 66.7% 54.0% 42.6% 64.9% 73.7% Starting Hgt Growth(Check Plots) 6.9% 45.5% 36.1% 23.5% 39.5% 40.0% 30.8% 47.2% 6.5% 19.0% 29.6%

Based upon Planting Density of 500 TPA Starting Hgt Growth (Age 2) 75 220.8 214.6 197.9 206.3 177.1 185.4 235.4 102.1 166.67 181.25 Starting Hgt Growth(Scalp Plots) 187.5 325 362.5 356.3 293.8 350 243.8 381.3 150 300 318.75 Starting Hgt Growth(Chemical Plots) 25 212.5 200 187.5 231.3 93.75 237.5 168.8 143.8 150 175 Starting Hgt Growth(Check Plots) 12.5 125 81.25 50 93.75 87.5 75 156.3 12.5 50 50

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