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White blood cells

Platelets

Red blood cells

Artery

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Deliver O2

Remove metabolic wastes

Maintain temperature, pH, and fluid volume

Protection from blood loss- platelets

Prevent infection- antibodies and WBC

Transport hormones

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Plasma-55%

Formed

elements-45%

Buffy coat-

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19-4

Composition of Blood

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Figure 19.1c

Figure 19.1 The Composition of

Whole Blood

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90% Water8% Solutes:

Proteins

Albumin (60 %)Alpha and Beta Globulins

Gamma Globulins

fibrinogens Gas

Electrolytes

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Organic NutrientsCarbohydrates

Amino Acids

LipidsVitamins

Hormones

Metabolic wasteCO2

Urea

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19-8

Hematopoiesis

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Figure 19.5 Red Blood Cell

Turnover

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Anemia- when blood has low O2 carrying

capacity; insufficient RBC or iron deficiency.Factors that can cause anemia- exercise, B12

deficiency

Polycythemia- excess of erythrocytes,

viscosity of blood;

8-11 million cells/mm3

Usually caused by cancer, tissue hypoxia,

dehydration; however, naturally occurs at highelevations

Blood doping- in athletesremove blood 2

days before event and then replace it; Epoetin;-

banned by Olympics.

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Leukopenia

Abnormally low WBC countdrug induced

Leukemias

Cancerous conditions involving WBCs

Named according to the abnormal WBCclone involved

Mononucleosis

highly contagious viral disease caused byEpstein-Barr virus; excessive # of

agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover

in a few weeks

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Hemostasis:

4. Coagulation

1. Vessel injury

2. Vascular spasm

3. Platelet plug formation

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Hemostasis- stoppage of bleeding

Tissue Damage

Platelet Plug

Clotting Factors

Platelets: 250,000-500,000 cells/mm3

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Hemostasis(+ feedback)

Prothrombin Thrombin

Fibrinogen Fibrin

Clotting Factorsthromboplastin

Traps RBC & platelets

Platelets release thromboplastin

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Blood

Clot

Fibrin thread

Platelet

RBC

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Thromboembolytic Conditions

Thrombus: clot that develops and persists in

an unbroken blood vessel

May block circulation, leading to tissue death Embolus: a thrombus freely floating in the

blood stream

Pulmonary emboli impair the ability of the body to

obtain oxygen

Cerebral emboli can cause strokes

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Thromboembolytic Conditions

Prevented by

AspirinAntiprostaglandin that inhibits

thromboxane A2

Heparin

Anticoagulant used clinically for pre- andpostoperative cardiac care

Warfarin

Used for those prone to atrial fibrillation

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19/19Figure 17 16

SerumAnti-A

RBCs

Anti-B

Type AB (contains

agglutinogens A and B;agglutinates with both

sera)

Blood being tested

Type A (contains

agglutinogen A;

agglutinates with anti-A)

Type B (contains

agglutinogen B;

agglutinates with anti-B)

Type O(contains no

agglutinogens; does not

agglutinate with either

serum)