Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Māori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    1/90

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    2/90

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    3/90

    3

    B*;'#;'

    +&)&$&)&678*9(,:"; ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/? AB"8C=&D" EC$$%'F ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1? H9='(;C8=&(9 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????//I? +"=)(;(:( %9; O"P&9&=&(9> (P 7;(:">8"9= L&="> (P Q%>>% (P Q%>>% N'%9>$&>>&(9 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????12>'($*4&*4& C D$*#+-)*4 EF "GH$-I 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111WJ.&-$ J&*&*4& C R('$%: K"%'9&9< H9>=&=C=&(9> ????????????????????????????????????????????????????I4

    +%)& N(&X Y(C=)Z 7'= [ U'%P= ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I/M"9;"' [ H9&=&%=&(9 Q'(8">>"> ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I/\=)"' K&P" E*&::> [ -9(,:"; ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IIU)%9 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????IW^%$&9< '&="> ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I0!($" %9; P%$&:F :&P" ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I0

    M'(,&9< CT ,&=) $%="'&%: ;"T'&D%=&(9 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J/R((; T'(;C8=&(9 %9; 8)('"> %'(C9; =)" )($" ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????J17;(:">8"98"Z 8)%9Z $&:">=(9"> %9; '&="> (P T%>>% ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????@WN" 7( !(C ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????G4K">>(9> (9 L&="> (P Q%>>% U($$&=="" +"$S"'> ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????WW

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    4/90

    4

    !" $"%& '()* ) +) +"$",&'& $() -(,&.

    J$GG H+*$ F+'*4I#$-, F+' I#&F$H KG+I$ #+ F+'- 0.5*&'

    &*H &KL')-$H %'K. (*+0G$H4$ &*H 0)IH+% M-+% #.$%1

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    5/90

    5

    +&)&$&)&678*9(,:";

    +('" =)%9 /44 T"(T:" %'(C9; 7(="%'(% )%D" T%'=&8&T%="; &9 ;&PP"'"9= T%'=> (P =)&> T'(a"8= %9;T'(D&;"; &9D%:C%S:" >CTT('= =)'(C>?

    N( =)" T%*"*"Z *%C$c=C% %9; *C&% ,)( %)%'" =)"&' >=('F P(' =)" S"9"P&=(P PC=C'" F(C )%D" (PP"'"; C>? R('=)" ,)c9%C $"$S"'> ,)( %9; =CTC9% ,&=) C>Z ,"=)%9* F(C P(' ='C>=&9< C> ,&=) ,)%= C:=&$%=":F S":(9 =( F(C' ,)c9%C %9; )%Td?

    N)%9*> =( =)" T'(a"8= A=)&8> U($$&=="" ,)( " %9; T'(D&;";(D"'>&&=&9< :&="'%=C'" %9; %S>='%8=&9< C9;"'=%*"9 SF-"''&"_799% 79;"'>(9Z 7&'&&9& N%C)%'% %9; U)%'$%&9" U:%'*?

    N)%9*> =( =)" :(8%: '">"%'8) ="%$ $"$S"'> 3 ," Z `'"99% E$&=)Z U)C8* ^ (P T:%99&9 =( =)" ,&;"' N" \'% !(C ,)c9%C %9; (=)"'> ,)( T%'=&8&T%="; &9 TCS:&8 )C& =( P"";S%8* %9;=">= (C' 9", :"%'9&9? e" ='C>= =)" S"9"P&=> (P =)&> ,('* ,&:: S" $C:=&T:&"; =)'(C P(' '%9&(9_$%*&9< U($$&=="" P(' =)" U($$C9&=F L">"%'8) RC9; %9;=( +%=)", ^&;"* =)" 7;D&>(' "$T:(F"; SF =)" O"T%'=$"9= (P H9="'9%: 7PP%&'> =( %;$&9&>="' =)"

    PC9;&9< %9; $%9%

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    6/90

    6

    /? AB"8C=&D" EC$$%'F

    @;'+*A4" (P =)&> 8($$C9&=F '">"%'8) T'(a"8= ,%> P(' +c('& F(C=) ,('*"'>Z '%9"%'8) ">X/? N)%= ,&=)&9 ='%;&=&(9%: +c('& >(8&"=&"> =)"'" ,"'" 8)&:;_'"%'&9< %9; F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9= T'%8=&8">

    S%>"; (9 % 9C$S"' (P 8($$(9 T'&98&T:">?1? N)%= >($" (P =)">" T'%8=&8"> %9; =)" C9;"':F&9< T'&98&T:"> $%F S" C9P%$&:&%' =( +c('& F(C=)

    ,('*"'> %9; T"(T:" '">T(9>&S:" P(' >CTT('=&9< +c('& F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9= =(;%F?I? N)%= >($" (P =)">" T'&98&T:"> %9; T'%8=&8"> $%F S" C>"PC: =( &9P('$ 8(9="$T('%'F F(C=)

    ;"D":(T$"9= T'%8=&8" ,&=)&9 +c('& 8($$C9&=&">?J? N)%= *%C$c=C% %9; (=)"' >(C'8"> (P *9(,:";($" (P =)"&'

    "BT"'&"98"> %9; C9;"'>=%9;&9< (P ='%;&=&(9%: T'%8=&8"> %9; T'&98&T:"> =)%= ,&:: S" (P C>" =( 8C''"9=%9; PC=C'" F(C=);"D":(T$"9= =( )":T &9P('$ =)"&' T'%8=&8"? +(>= '">"%'8) C>"; SF +c('& F(C=) ,('*"'> )%> S""9C9;"'=%*"9 ,&=) % P(8C> (9 (=)"' ;&>8&T:&9"> &98:C;&9< )"%:=)Z ";C8%=&(9 %9; >(8&%: ,('*?!%D&9< F(C=) ,('*"'> %9; ,)c9%C C9;"'=%*&9< =)" '">"%'8) ,%> ;">&C'" =)" *9(,:"; '"=%&9"; ,&=)&9 =)" 8($$C9&=&"> &= &> &9="9;"; =( S"9"P&=? N)&> T'(a"8= )":T";SC&:; =)" '">"%'8) >*&::> (P F(C=) ,('*"'>Z '%9 P(' %= :"%>= =)" :%>= 144 F"%'> >(C" (P '&="> (P T%>>%? O"P&9&=&(9> %9; >8)"$% P(' ;"="'$&9&9< ,)%=8(9>=&=C="> % '&=" (P T%>>%C=%&8%:Z >(8&%: %9; >"BC%: >=%=C> .L("; % :&>= (P =,"9=F ":"$"9=> (PF(C=) '&="> (P T%>>%"; =( &9P('$ 8C''"9= "PP('=> =( '"_">=%S:&>) )"%:=)F '&="> (PT%>>%(8&"=&">?

    79 &$T('=%9= =)"$" 'C99&9< =)'(C (P T%>>%= P(' =)"S"9"P&= (P &9;&D&;C%: T%'=&8&T%=&9< &9 =)" T'(8">> SC= P(' =)" S"9"P&= (P =)" 8($$C9&=F %9; 8C:=C'" =(,)&8) >6)" S":(9 .Q"'D(>Z 144/i `:C$"9*'%9=h [ M(:;>="&9Z 14/4i L(" &> =)%= '&="> (P T%>>%8"9=> %'" =)" T'&$%'F $"8)%9&>$ SF,)&8) % 8($$C9&=F (' 8C:=C'" "9>C'"> =)%= &=> $"$S"'> )%D" %8]C&'"; =)" *9(,:"; 9"8">>%'F =( S" )"%:=)FZ 8(9='&SC=&9< %;C:=> &9 =)"&' >(8&"=F .`:C$"9*'%9=h [ M(:;>="&9Z 14/4iL()'Z 144J5? L&="> (P T%>>%>(' +%>(9 OC'&"j> >&B T'&$%'F 8%T%8&=&"> P(' ,)c9%C ('% T'(D&;" =)" 8('" 8($T(9"9=> (P=)" +%&% $(;": "$"' %'(C9; =)" 8(C9='F? H9="'">=&9 ;">&

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    7/90

    7

    B-'*4&*4& &> % T)'%>" ="'$"; SF =)&> '"D&", P(' =)" T'(8">> SF ,)&8) F(C9< T"(T:" %8)&"D" 9",:"D":> (P '">T(9>&S&:&=F =)'(CC'" =( T%'=&8C:%' T'%8=&8"> %9; *9(,:";C'D"F"; ;(8C$"9="; =)" 8($$(9 "BT"8=%=&(9> (9 F(C9< T"(T:" =( %8]C&'" =)">*&::> %9; &9P('$%=&(9 =)"F 9"";"; =)'(C &9P%9=>Z +c('& 8)&:;'"9 8(9='&SC="; =( %;C:= 8(9D"'>%=&(9> %9; ;"8&>&(9_$%*&9(8&"=F "9>C'"; =)%= $('%: %9; "=)&8%: 8(;"> ,"'" CT)":;SF &=> $"$S"'> .E=%8*Z /W0Wi U(C8)Z /0W25?

    +"9=('&9< SF 8($$C9&=F ":;"'> (' >'($*4&*4& &> % 8($$(9 T'%8=&8" &9 +c('& >(8&"=F? \9" (P =)"$(>= 8($$(9 %9; &$T('=%9= >='%="T"8&%: (88%>&(9> 3 =)" 8)&:; PC98=&(9&9< %> % :&9* S"=,""9 %9; =)" 9%=C'%: ,(':;?

    M'%9;T%'"9=> (' (=)"' ":;"':F $"$S"'> (P =)" 8($$C9&=F ,(C:; (P="9 =%*" % P&'>= S('9 8)&:; .!&'(%Z/0@45 (' % 8)&:; (P >T"8&%: 8)%'%8="' .e%:*"'Z 144@5? N)" % =)"F )%D" >T"8&%:

    %88">> =( $"$('&"> %9; "BT"'&"98"> =)%= F(C9 (P *9(,:";> =)" &$T('=%98" (P ":;"'> &9 =)"='%9>$&>>&(9 (P D%:C"> %9; *9(,:";($"=&$"> %> &9 =)" 8%>" (P N%TC >8)((:> ,"'" $('"(9> =%C= (P =)" :&="'%=C'" P(8C>"> (9 $%:" '&="> (P T%>>% (P T%>>%

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    8/90

    8

    '&="> (P T%>>% F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9=? U($S&9"; ,&=) P&9;&9 P'($ &9="'D&",> ,&=)*%C$c=C% =)"'" &> % '&8) >(C'8" (P &9>T&'%=&(9 P(' 8(9="$T('%'F '&="> (P T%>>% ,&=) T%*"*"6*%C$c=C%6*C&% ,"'" 8($T:"="; P(' =)&> T'(a"8=? H9="'D&",""> ,"'"&;"9=&P&"; =)'(C %'":">> ,":: *9(,9? +%9F ,"'" '%&>"; ,&=) N" L"( %> =)"&' P&'>= :%9C'" =( N" L"(?N)" &9="'D&",> P(::(,"; % 8($$(9 >"= (P ]C">=&(9> %9; %= =&$"> &= ,%> %TT'(T'&%=" =( %>*>CTT:"$"9=%'F ]C">=&(9>? e)&:" =)" TC'T(>" (P =)" T'(a"8= %9; &9="'D&",> ,%> =( P(8C> (9 =)"&9="'D&",""> "BT"'&"98"> '":%=&9< =( '&="> (P T%>>%8C>>"; =( TC==)" *l'"'( &9=( % 8C:=C'%:Z )&>=('&8%: %9; >(8&%: 8(9="B=? U($$(9 =)"$"> "$"',&=) $(>= &98:C;&9< ;&>8C>>&(9 (9 =)" P(::(,&9< %>T"8=> (P =)"&' "%':F :&D"> %9; '"P:"8=&(9 (9 :&P" =(;%FX

    ! Q'"_9%=%: %9; S&'=)&9< ='%;&=&(9> %9; T'%8=&8">! ^%$&9< '&=">! !($" %9; P%$&:F K&P"! M'(,&9< CT ,&=) $%="'&%: ;"T'&D%=&(9! R((; T'(;C8=&(9 %9; 8)('"> %'(C9; =)" )($"! 7;(:">8"98"Z 8)%9Z $&:">=(9"> %9; '&="> (P T%>>% (P ,&>;($! H$T('=%9= L":%=&(9>)&T>! O&>8'&$&9%=&(9! U)C'8) %9; $%'%" "BT"'&"98">! N" L"(! N&*%9 %9; % =&$" ,)"'" N" L"( ,%> =)" ;($&9%9=:%9 %9; '&=C%:> ,"'" &9 T:%8" P(' =)" 8)&:; %9; %;(:">8"9=>?

    +%9F (P =)" &9="'D&",""> P":= =)%= =)"&' "BT"'&"98" (P '&="> (P T%>>%"= (P :">>(9> =)%= =)" ="%8)"'> %9;

    :"%'9"'> ,"'" 8(9>8&(C>:F T%'=&8&T%=&9< &9?+(>= &9="'D&",""> &;"9=&P&"; % '%9":F %>>&="'9 ('8(9="$T('%'F '&="> (P T%>>% %9;>&S:&9Z Z T"'>(9%: '&="> (P T%>>%&9< (,9 8:(=)&9)&(9 %> % >F$S(: (P &9;"T"9;"98" %9; "9:&>=&9< &9 =)"$&:&=%'F?

    U($$(9 =)"$"> =)%= "$"' (P T%>>%T"8= P(' %9; D%:C&9< =)"

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    9/90

    9

    _ +c=%C'%9(C'8">5Z S%==:"_>&=">Z%>='(:(='(9($F %9; T%=="'9> (P 9%=C'%: T)"9($"9(9 =)%= T(9>&S&:&=&"> (P T%'=&8C:%' ,)c9%C ,&=)&9 =)" )%TdZ 8'(>>_8C:=C'%: 8($T%'&>(9>Z "=8?

    _ +%)&=%9*&::>X 8C:=&D%=&9< P((;Z )C9=&9< %9; 8(::"8=&9< P((;Z T'"T%'&9< %9;

    >=('&9< P((;Z 8($$C9&8%=&(9 >*&::> .,)%&*l'"'(6*%'%9Z 8%'&9< P(' =)" 9%=C'%: "9D&'(9$"9=Z "=8?

    K">> &9="9=&(9%: :">>(9> ,"'" %:>( :"%'9= =)'(C($" "BT"'&"98"> >C8) %> =)" &$T('=%98" (P %:8()(:&9 ,)c9%C :&P"Z =)" =&8" =( =)" ;"T=) (P ,&>;($ >)%'"; =)'(C '"T('= ;C" =( 8(9>&;"'%=&(9> (P :"9 &9 ="'$> (P ,)%= &= ,&:: $"%9P(' '&="> (P T%>>% =(;%FZ SC= =)" ">>"98" (P =)" ,)%*%%'( >)%'"; &9 =)"&9="'D&",> &> 8%T=C'"; &9 =)&> >"8=&(9 (P =)" '"T('=?

    K"%'9&9 P'($ =)" &9="'D&",> &9 '":%=&(9 =( =)" '(:"Z 9%=C'" %9; D%:C" (P '&="> (P T%>>%Z T'(8">>"> %9; "D"9=> 8(99"8="; =( ,)%*%T%T%Z,)c9%C %9; 8F8:" (P :&P"?

    ! L&="> (P T%>>%?

    ! UC:=C'%: '& %9; '">T(9>&S&:&=&"> %'" 8('" '&="> (P T%>>%=&9? O"D":(T&9< %9 &9;&D&;C%:j> *9(,:";( =)%= SF =)" =&$" % 8)&:; )%; S"8($" %9 %;C:= =)"F *9", )(, =( =%*" 8%'" (P=)"$>":D">?

    ! M(&9< =( T%&; ,('*Z (P T%>>%Z P%>)&(9 %9; S&(:( =( ='%9>&=&(9 P'($

    % >=%=" (P 8)&:; =( $%=C'&=F?! `&'=);%F> )%; :&==:" &$T('=%98" %> '&="> (P T%>>%($" P('$%: "B%$T:"> =)'(C= 8($$C9&(9 %9; S%T=&>$?

    ! K"%'9&9< %S(C= '%8&%: T'"aC;&8"Z S"&9< %S:" =(

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    10/90

    10

    ! L&="> (P T%>>%&;"'"; 9"8">>%'F SF =)" 8C''"9=

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    11/90

    11

    1? H9='(;C8=&(9

    I?BJK,>LM6N" \'% !(C 7(="%'(% &> % 9%=&(9%: 9"=,('* (P P%&=)_S%>"; +c('& F(C=) %9; 8($$C9&=F ;"D":(T$"9=('%=&(9>? A>=%S:&>)"; &9 =)" /024>Z N" \'% !(C 8C''"9=:F )%> %PP&:&%="; (P =)" E(C=) Q%8&P&8?N" \'% !(C )%> S""9 &9="'">="; &9 =)" '":%=&(9>)&T S"=,""9 8C>=($%'F 8C:=C'" %9; 8(9="$T('%'F+c('& >(8&"=F P(' $%9F F"%'>? A>=%S:&>)"; :%'T(9>" =( =)" ;&>T'(T('=&(9%=" 9C$S"' (P'%9 S""9&9="'">="; &9 =)" '(:" (P ,)c9%C %9; =)" ,&;"' 8($$C9&=F &9 T'(D&;&9< T(>&=&D" (C'8"> P(' '%9 (P =)" ('%=&(9 =( >)%'" =)"&'*9(,:";>(9> :"%'9= P'($ =)"&' "BT"'&"98"> %9; >=('&"> P'($ (:;"' P%8&:&=%="; % 9C$S"'(P ,%9%9&=> =( $%'%" (D"' =)" T%>= P", F"%'> =)%= )%D" P(8C>"; (9 :(8%: >=('&"> %9; :">>(9>:"%'9= P'($ =)" "BT"'&"98"> (P =CTC9% 8(99"8="; =( =)(>" $%'%" %9; '()"?E($" (P =)&> *l'"'( )%> S""9 %= 9%=&(9%: "D"9=>Z >($" %= =)" '")%'"; ,&=) T"(T:" ,)( ,"'" 9(= T'">"9= %= =)" "D"9=? `%'":F %9F (P =)&> :"%'9&9< )%> S""9 P('$%::F;(8C$"9="; %9; =)" `(%'; (P N" \'% !(C 7(="%'(% ;"8&;"; &= ,%> %TT'(T'&%=" =( C9;"'=%*" % $('"$"=)(;&8%: T'(8">> =( 8%T=C'" >($" (P =)" *l'"'( ," )%D" %88">> =( P'($ (C' *%C$c=C%6T%*"*"S"P('" =)" *9(,:";>">> T%>>"> (9?7 S'&"P :&="'%=C'" '"D&", ,%> C9;"'=%*"9 =( &;"9=&PF >($" (P =)" "B&>=&9< ;(8C$"9=%=&(9 (9 ='%;&=&(9%:$(;":> (P +c('& F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9= %9; T'(D&;"; =)" S%>&> P(' PC'=)"' '">"%'8) ,('* (9 =)" =)"$"?

    /,>NDB% /L,/>ODN)" TC'T(>" (P =)&> 8($$C9&=F '">"%'8) T'(a"8= ,%> P(' +c('& F(C=) ,('*"'>Z '%9"%'8) ">X

    /? N)%= ,&=)&9 ='%;&=&(9%: +c('& >(8&"=&"> =)"'" ,"'" 8)&:;_'"%'&9< %9; F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9=T'%8=&8"> S%>"; (9 % 9C$S"' (P 8($$(9 T'&98&T:">?

    1? N)%= >($" (P =)">" T'%8=&8"> %9; =)" C9;"':F&9< T'&98&T:"> $%F S" C9P%$&:&%' =( +c('& F(C=),('*"'> %9; T"(T:" '">T(9>&S:" P(' >CTT('=&9< +c('& F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9= =(;%F?

    I? N)%= >($" (P =)">" T'&98&T:"> %9; T'%8=&8"> $%F S" C>"PC: =( &9P('$ 8(9="$T('%'F F(C=);"D":(T$"9= T'%8=&8" ,&=)&9 +c('& 8($$C9&=&">?

    J? N)%= *%C$c=C% %9; (=)"' >(C'8"> (P *9(,:";($" (P=)"&' "BT"'&"98"> %9; C9;"'>=%9;&9< (P ='%;&=&(9%: T'%8=&8"> %9; T'&98&T:"> =)%= ,&:: S" (P C>"=( 8C''"9= %9; PC=C'" F(C=);"D":(T$"9= =( )":T &9P('$ =)"&' T'%8=&8"? +(>= '">"%'8) C>"; SF +c('& F(C=) ,('*"'> )%> S""9C9;"'=%*"9 ,&=) % P(8C> (9 (=)"' ;&>8&T:&9"> &98:C;&9< )"%:=)Z ";C8%=&(9 %9; >(8&%: ,('*?

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    12/90

    12

    N"('(9 ;(9" >($" &$T('=%9= ,('* (D"' =)" T%>= ="9 F"%'> &9 8(98"T=C%:&>&9< %9&9;& &9="9;"; =( =">= >($" (P =)"8(98"T=>/ >)" T'(T(>"> =)'(C"8(9;%'F >(C'8">?!%D&9< F(C=) ,('*"'> %9; ,)c9%C C9;"'=%*&9< =)" '">"%'8) ,%> ;">&C'" =)" *9(,:"; '"=%&9"; ,&=)&9 =)" 8($$C9&=&"> &= &> &9="9;"; =( S"9"P&=? N)&> T'(a"8= )":T";SC&:; =)" '">"%'8) >*&::> (P F(C=) ,('*"'>Z '%9 8(98C' =)%= '%9>"> =( T'"T%'" =)"$ P(' %;C:=)((; %9; $%'* =)" ='%9>&=&(9 =( '(:"> (P '">T(9>&S&:&=F ,&=)&9 =)"&',)c9%C %9; )%Td?

    H9="'_$&>>&(9 (P *9(,:"; ,"'" 8'&=&8%: =( =)" ,"::S"&9< (P =)" )%Td%9; ,)&:" T%'"9=> ,"'" C>C%::F &9D(:D"; &9 T'(D&;&9< =)" =)&9 =)%= ,"'" ">>"9=&%: =( >C'D&D%: %9;"8(9($&8 %9; >(8&%: ,"::S"&9>"9=&%: =( =)" ="%8)&9< (P T'%8=&8%: %9; >(8&%: >*&::>Z "=)&8> %9; ">(="'&8 *9(,:";C'D&D%: %9; >%&=&(9> %> =)" &9;&D&;C%: $(D"; P'($ (9"T)%>" (P :&P" =( %9(=)"'?Q'&(' =( 8($$"98&9< =)" T'(a"8=Z %= :"%>= =)'"" >='%=" =)%= ,"'" )"%:=)F %9; "]C&TT"; =)" )%Td ,&=) T"(T:" ,)(8(C:; T'(="8= %9; "9)%98" =)" &9="'">=> (P =)" 8($$C9&=FX/? >'($*4&*4&

    \9" (P =)" $(>= 8($$(9 %9; &$T('=%9= >='%="&(9> 3 =)" 8)&:; PC98=&(9&9< %> % :&9*S"=,""9 %9; =)" 9%=C'%: ,(':; .E=&':&9< [ E%:$(9;Z /0W45?

    1? J.&-$ J&*&*4& e)%'" e%9%9 ,"'" (P="9 >":"8="; S"8%C>" =)"F ;&>T:%F";

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    13/90

    13

    - % $&B (P =)"('F %9; T'%8=&8" %> =)" '%9i

    - '"8&T'(8%: %9; :&P"_:(9< :"%'9&9< T'(8">>">i- % 8($$&=$"9= =( :(, %;C:=68)&:; '%=&(> =( "9>C'" ]C%:&=F '":%=&(9>)&T> %9; ='%9>$&>>&(9 (P D%:C">

    %9; *9(,:";= %9; &(9 %9; ;&>"]C&:&S'&C$ %> % ="%8)&9< >='%="=%9;&9 :"%;&9< =( 8($T:"B %9%:F>&>i- >F$S&(=&8 '":%=&(9>)&T> S"=,""9 %;C:=> %9; F(C9< T"(T:"i- D"'S%: %9; T)F>&8%: =">=> C>"; =( $"%>C'" =)" ;"D":(T$"9= (P '%96T'(="; 7T'&%9% ^ ,)%*%=%C*&" 6)/' $ % P'%$",('* P('&9;&Z =)"'"P('"Z (9 P(C' %'"%> (P F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9=X %TT'(T'&%=" =&$"%9; T:%8"i (TT('=C9&=&"> =( $%B&$&>" '">(C'8">i 8C:=C'%: T%'=&8&T%=&(9i %9; >T&'&=C%: ,"::_S"&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    14/90

    14

    I? +"=)(;(:(-+N$K# "I#&EG)I.%$*#

    N" \'% !(C 7(="%'(% >CS$&=="; %9 %TT:&8%=&(9 P(' PC9;&9< P(' =)" !"& N&*&=&*& T'(a"8= =( =)" K(=="'F

    U($$C9&=F L">"%'8) RC9; &9 7C= 144W %9; '"8"&D"; % T(>&=&D" ;"8&>&(9 :"=="' &9 g%9C%'F 1440 3 =)";"8&>&(9 =( %,%'; PC9;&9< ,%> 8(9;&=&(9%: (9 N" \'% !(C P&9%:&>&9< % N"'$> (P L"P"'"98" P(' =)"T'(a"8= %9; '"8"&D&9< %TT'(D%: P(' =)" T'(a"8= P'($ %9 %TT'(T'&%=" "=)&8> 8($$&==""?H9 +%'8) 1440 % T'(a"8= =( =)"K(=="'F U($$C9&=F L">"%'8) RC9; U($$&=="" P(' %TT'(D%: &9 7T'&: 1440Z ,)&8) ,%> >CS>"]C"9=:F>(8&%="; T'(a"8= ;(8C$"9=%=&(9? 7P="' $%*&9< >($"%;aC>=$"9=> =( =)" T'(a"8= T:%9 %9; N"'$> (P L"P"'"98" %> % '">C:= (P =)" "=)&8> 8($$&=="" P"";S%8*Z%TT'(D%: ,%> => ,%> >CS>"]C"9=:F '":"%>";?

    7 T'(a"8= T:%99&9< $""=&9< ,%> )":; &9 \=%C=%)& =( 8(9P&'$ T%'=&8&T%=&9< 8"9='">Z SC;=%PP P'($ T%'=&8&T%=&9< 8"9='">?

    &9 P(C' T%'=&8&T%=&9< N" \'% !(C8"9='"> .e)%9%9; >($" &9D(:D"; '%9 ,"::? H9="'D&",""> ,"'" &9D&="; =( &98:C;" =)"&' ,)c9%C &9 =)"&9="'D&", T'(8">>Z ,)&:" >($" &98:C;"; =)"&' >T(C>"Z $(*(TC9%Z >&S:&9 %9;6(' 8)&:;'"9Z (=)"'> ;&;9(= =%*" CT =)" (TT('=C9&=F? N)" ('&($" '"P:"8=&(9 (P =)" ,('=) =)%= ,)c9%C %9; '%9=('&">Z &= $%F %:>( '"P:"8= =)" T%&9PC: 9%=C'" (P $%9F T%'=> (P =)" >=('&"> =)%= ,)c9%C ,(C:; T'"P"'9(= =( S" T%'= (P '"$"$S"'&9< %9; '"8(';&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    15/90

    15

    N)" '">"%'8) ="%$> )%; P(C' $%&9 =%>*>X

    /? p9;"'=%*&9< % '"D&", (P ,'&=="96'"8(';"; "D&;"98" (P ='%;&=&(9%: F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9= %9;8)&:;_'"%'&9< T'%8=&8"> ,&=) % P(8C> (9 '&="> (P T%>>%>"> P'($ 8)&:; =(%;C:= '& %9; '">T(9>&S&:&=&"> P'($ ,&=)&9 =)"&' ,)c9%CZ )%TdZ &,& %9;6(' '()"?

    1? Q:%99&9< %9; P%8&:&=%=&9< % >"'&"> (P ,%9%9 ,)%*%T%T% =(? N)">" )C& T'(D&;"; =&$" %9;>T%8" P(' =)" *%C$c=C% =( >)%'" =)"&' "BT"'&"98"> %> 8)&:;'"9 %9; F(C9< T"(T:" &9 ="'$> (P)(, ">>"9=&%: *9(,:"; %9; T'%8=&8"> ,"'" T%>>"; (9 P'($ (9" (C'8"> ,"'" &;"9=&P&"; %9; 8($T%'";,&=) =)" P&9;&9 P'($ (=)"' '()"?

    J? ECSa"8= =( %9F "=)&8%: (' :(=&8%: :&$&=%=&(9>Z "%8) S"=,""9>=('&"> P'($ =)"&' '()" %9; (=)"'>?

    >-+N$K# T)*H)*4I

    R&9;&9 %'" T'(D&;"; &9 =)&> '"T('=Z %9; ,&:: >CS>"]C"9=:F S" TCS:&>)"; (9 =)" N" \'% !(C ,"S>&=" 3=)" ,"S>&=" $%F &98:C;" D&;"( %9; %C;&( P'($ >($" &9="'D&",>? OVO D"'>&(9> (P "%8) &9="'D&", )%D"S""9 T'(D&;"; =( "%8) &9="'D&","" %9; % >)('= 8($T&:%=&(9 OVO &> 8C''"9=:F S"&9< T'(;C8"; >CSa"8= =(8(9>"9= P'($ T%'=&8&T%=&9< &9="'D&","">?

    7 >C$$%'F (P =)" T'(8">> %9; P&9;&9 ,"'" 8($T&:"; %9; >C$$%'&>"; &9 =)&> '"T('= %9; $%F S" C>";%> =)" S%>&> P(' PC'=)"' ,('* >C8) %> 8($T%'&9< =)" T'&98&T:"> &;"9=&P&"; ,&=) "B&>=&9< $(;":> %9;P'%$",('*> ;"D":(T"; SF =)" :&*"> (P -"":%9 .144/5Z OC'&" .144G5 %9; =)" +&9&>='F (P Y(C=) 7PP%&'>.14415?

    >-+N$K# D)G$I#+*$I! Q'(a"8= N"'$> (P L"P"'"98" .&98:C;&9< H9="'D&", bC">=&(9>5 % ,'&=="9 P(' :(8%: Q'(a"8= U((';&9%=('> %9; '">"%'8) ="%$ $"$S"'>! Q'(a"8= U((';&9%=(' &;"9=&P&"; &9 "%8) '()"! L">"%'8) ="%$> &;"9=&P&"; &9 "%8) '()"! N'%&9&9< ,%9%9 C9;"'=%*"9! H9="'D&",> %S>='%8=";! H9="'D&", D&;"(> ";&="; %9; 8($T&:"; (9=( OVO P('$%=! L">"%'8) ="%$ '"P:"8=&(9 %9; :"%'9&9< T'(8">>! N"%$> P"";S%8* =( T%'=&8&T%=&9< *%C$c=C% =( 8)"8* ;'%P= P&9;&9 %9; )%9;(D"' &9="'D&", OVO! ^%=&(9%: P"";S%8*6>)%'&9< ,%9%9>! EC$$%'F '"T('= ,'&=="9!

    QCS:&8 )C& )":; &9 "%8) '()"Z '"T('= ,'&=="9 P(' ,"S>&=" %9; >C$$%'F '">(C'8"> T'(;C8";

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    16/90

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    17/90

    17

    J? K&="'%=C'" L"D&",

    L">"%'8) ="%$> 8($T:"="; '"D&",> (P :&="'%=C'" P'($ =)"&' '()" (9 =)"$"> T"'=&9"9= =( =)" T'(a"8=>8(T" %9; % 9%=&(9%: :&="'%=C'" '"D&", ,%> %:>( C9;"'=%*"9? \D"' G4 >(C'8"> (P '":"D%9= ,'&=="9$%="'&%: ,"'" &;"9=&P&"; %9; T'(D&;" C>"PC: >"8(9;%'F >(C'8"> =( 8($T:&$"9= =)" T'&$%'F >(C'8">T'(D&;"; SF T'(a"8= &9="'D&","">? N)" ;(8C$"9=> &;"9=&P&"; %'" :&>="; &9 =)" `&S:&(>? H= &> %>>C$"; =)%= >C8) &9P('$%=&(9Z &P &= ;("> "B&>=,'&=="9 ="B=>Z $%F S" )":; &9 C9TCS:&>)"; P('$ >C8) %> +c('& K%9; U(C'= '"8(';>Z %'8)&D%: '"8(';>Z%9; $('" (S>8C'" >(C'8"> >C8) %> ,%&%=% %9; ,)c9%C ,)%*%T%T%?

    O*4+ %9; "9]C&'&"> ,&=) &,& %C=)('&=&">Z &9="'D&","">Z %8%;"$&8> %9; (=)"' "BT"'=>?A:"8='(9&8 ;%=%S%>"> ,"'" C>"; =( &;"9=&PF '":"D%9= $%="'&%:X

    7C>='%:&% ^", k"%:%9; L"P"'"98" U"9='"X N)" 7C>='%:&%6^k L"P"'"98" U"9='" &98:C;"> 7C>='%:&%%9; ^", k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c('& >(8&"=FZ :"%'9&9< >F>="$>Z ? M&D"9 =:&$&=%=&(9> (9 =)" T'(a"8= ,)&8) '":&"; (9 8($$C9&=F_S%>"; 9(D&8" '">"%'8)"'> &9 % P", T'(D&98&%:8"9='"> ,)( %'" $(>=:F %:>( ,('*&9< %> F(C=) ,('*"'>Z =)" '"D&", )%> 9(= S""9 8(9;C8="; &9 % TC'":F>F>="$%=&8 $"=)(;? L">"%'8) ="%$> ,"'" T'(D&;"; ,&=) %9; 8(%8)&9< (9 =)" TC'T(>" %9;>='C8=C'" (P '"D&",&9< :&="'%=C'" '":%=&9< =( =)"&' '()" %9; % ,%> %:>( C9;"'=%*"9?

    e)&:" &= &> %8*9(,:";>% 9(= T'">C$" =)%= '&="> (PT%>>%> 8($$C9&=&">iC9;"'>=((; &9 =)" >%$" ,%Fi"BT"'&"98"; &9 =)" >%$" ,%Fi (':&$&="; =( ='%;&=&(9> %9; T'(8">>"> T'">"9= S"P('" +c('& 8(9=%8= ,&=) (=)"' 8C:=C'">?

    K#;#+08 %5#*+$#- 0;A 6#.$;$'$*;- *. ?A*8#- (P T%>>%T"8&%:(88%>&(9> %9; $%&9:F ;"%: ,&=) "9="'&9< % 9", >=%

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    18/90

    18

    TCS"'=F '&=C%:>Z $%''&% &9 :&P" %'" 8":"S'%="; ,&=) `%T=&>$Z U(9r'$%=&(9Z +%='&$(9F %9; =)" AB='"$" p98=&(9?

    L((9> P(' &9&=&%=&(9 T'(8">>">X

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

    7'9(:; D%9 M"99"T ./W2I3/0@25Z % R'"98) %9=)'(T(:(=Z &> P%$(C> P(' )&> >=C;F (9 %9; ="'$&9< =)"T)'%>" o'&="> (P T%>>% L&="> ;" Q%>>% =)%= '&="> (PT%>>%=%( 8%::"; ='&T%'=&=" >='C8=C'"X >sT%'%=&(9Z $%'"> =)" =)'"" >=% P(::(,>X

    R$/&-)+* -)#$I )*Q+GQ$ #.$ )*)#)$ E$)*4 IF%E+G)K&GGF, &*H )* %&*F K'G#'-$I /.FI)K&GGF, -$%+Q$H M-+% #.$ 0+-GH #+ 0.)K. #.$F .&Q$ E$G+*4$H1 R$/&-)+* -)#$I +M#$* )*Q+GQ$ IF%E+G)K &K#)+*I G)($-$%+Q)*4 KG+#.)*4 +- /&-#I +M #.$ E+HF1 ?M#$- #.$ -)#$ +M I$/&-)+* #.$ )*)#)$ )I )* 0. Q&* X$**$/K&GGI #.$ G)%)*&G 0+-GH, & I+K)&G &*H -$G)4)+'I *+0.$-$ G&*H1 6.$ 0+-H G)%)*&G )I H$-)Q$H M-+% #.$ U)*:&$&9 Y#.-$I.+GHZ1

    6-&*I)#)+* -)#$I -$L')-$ #.$ /$-I+* )* #.$ G)%)*&G 0+-GH, E$#0$$* +GH &*H *$0 I#$I1 P'-)*4 #.)II#&4$, #.$ )*)#)$ 4$#I )*I#-'K#$H )* #.$ -$I/+*I)E)G)#)$I +M #.$ *$0 -+G$1 6-&*I)#)+* -)#$I $V/-$II #.$G)%)*&G K+*H)#)+* +M #.$ K&*H)H$I1 :* #.)I K+*H)#)+* #.$F &-$ +M#$* K+*I)H$-$H #+ E$ )* H&*4$-#.$%I$GQ$I, +- & H&*4$- #+ +#.$-I1 6+ %)#)4$ #.)I *$4)Q$ )*['$*K$, #.$F &-$ /-+Q)H$H 0)#. &I/+*I+- 0.+I$ -+G$ )# )I #+ /-+#$K# #.$ K&*H)H$I1

    '"D&", T'(D&;" "9(C":F=)"F %;)"'" =( >F>="$ M"99"T ;"="'$&9"> =( S" =)" =FT&8%: '&=" (P T%>>%C8) %>A'C"'% E=&':&9 "BT"'&"98" (P S"&9< =%*"9 =( % '"$(=" T((:Z ;&D&9< P(' =)" >T"8&%: >=(9" %9; '"=C'9&9 ,)c9%CZ ,(C:; T'">8'&S"; %> %='%;&=&(9%: '&=" (P T%>>%8'&S"; %> '&="> (P T%>>% =)%= ='%9>$&= 8C:=C'%: D%:C"> %9; *9(,:";&=&(9 =( % 9", >=%=C>Z SC=Z "]C%::F &$T('=%9=Z &= 8'"%="; TCS:&8 "D"9=> =)%= 8":"S'=)" ='%9>&=&(9 %9; '"%PP&'$"; =)">" 8($$C9&=F D%:C">Z ,)&8) &9P('$ %9; =('&8%: '"8('; >)(,> =)%= '&="> (P T%>>% $%9&P">=%=&(9>Z &9 %:: 8C:=C'"> P(' =)(C>%9;> (P F"%'>?`:C$"9*'%9=h %9; M(:;>="&9 %'=> =)" >='(9< m"D(:C=&(9%'F D%:&;&=Fn (P =)">" T'(8">>">Z,)&8) )%D" '"$%&9"; %9 &$T('=%9= T%'= (P 8($$C9&=F %9; 8C:=C'%: )"%:=) T'($(=&(9 ;C'&9< =)" $%a('='%9>&=&(9> (P :&P"? H9 =)&> 8(9="B= =)" '&=" (P T%>>%&;"'"; %> $C8)Z &P 9(= $('"Z P(' =)")"%:=) %9; ,"::S"&9< (P =)" 8($$C9&=F %> P(' =)%9 =)" &9;&D&;C%: T%'=&8&T%9=6> &9 =)" '&=C%: ('

    ;"D":(T$"9=%: T'(8">>?`:C$"9*'%9=h %9; M(:;>="&9 C &9 $(;"'9>(8&"=F ;( 9(= "PP"8=&D":F %>>&>= (C' 8)&:;'"9j> ='%9>&=&(9 =( %;C:=)((;X

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    19/90

    19

    6.$ G&K( +M KG$&-GF $I#&EG)I.$H -)#$I +M /&II&4$ )* ?%$-)K& )I /&-#GF H'$ #+ #.$ &%E)4')#F &E+'# 0.$*&*H .+0 +*$ E$K+%$I &* &H'G# )* K+*#$%/+-&-F I+K)$#F1 6.$ &4$I 0.)K. F+'#. -$K$)Q$ K$-#&)*&H'G# /-)Q)G$4$I Y$141 -)4.# #+ H-)Q$, -)4.# #+ Q+#$, -)4.# #+ H-)*(, $#K1Z &-$ -.$- &-E)#-&-F &*H &-$ *+#-$G$H #+ &*F &K#'&G K+%/$#$*K)$I +- %'-)#F +* #.$ /&-# +M #.$ )*H)Q)H'&GI 0.+ 4&)* #.+I$

    /-)Q)G$4$I16.$ H$Q$G+/%$*#&G /IFK.+G+4F G)#$-'-$ /-+Q)H$I K+*I)H$-&EG$ $Q)H$*K$ #. &H+G$IK$*#I

    H$I/$-$GF I$$( /'EG)K %&-($-I &*H K+%%'*)#F &//-+E)+* #+ Q$-)MF #.$)- $*#-F )*#+ &H'G# I#'I1 :*#.$ &EI$*K$ +M %$&*)*4M'G K+%%'*)#FAE&I$H -)#'&GI, F+'#. 0)GG H$M)*$ &*H K-$$ #.$)- +0* %&-($-$Q$*#I E&I$H +* /$$- +- %$H)& Q&G'$I, %&*F +M 0.)K. %&F E$ H$I#-'K#)Q$ E+#. )*H)Q)H'&GGF &*HK+%%'*&GGF1 :*H$$H, #.)I )I .+0 E)*4$ H-)*()*4, H-'4 'I$, #$$* /-$4*&*KF &*H +#.$- I)%)G&-E$.&Q)+-I .&Q$ E$K+%$ $G$Q$H #+ -)#$I +M /&II&4$ -$MG$K#)*4 &H'G# I#'I1

    E&$&:%':F % '"8C''&9< =)"$" &9 Q'(P">>(' +%>(9 OC'&"j> ,('* .144IZ 144G5 &> =)" &$T%8= (9 =)" )"%:=)%9; ,"::S"&9< (P +c('& P'($ 8C:=C'%: :(>> %9; 9%=C'%: '">(C'8" ;"T:"=&(9 >&98" 8(:(9&>%=&(9? OC'&"S":&D"> =)%= +c('& (PP"9;&9< &> % P'"]C"9= '">T(9>" =( % >"9>" (P "$%>8C:&>%=&(9X

    T+- #.$ +MM$*H$- #.$-$ )I & E-)$M -$K+Q$-F +M /+0$-] &*H, )-+*)K&GGF, )*K&-K$-)+* /-+Q)H$I &*+//+-#'*)#F M+- #.$ /+0$- 4&%$I #+ K+*#)*'$1 6.$ /'*)I.%$*# E$K+%$I #.$ K'-$1

    OC'&" .144/5 "B%$&9"> 8%C>"> (P ;"%=) %$(9< +c('& %9; &9 T%'=&8C:%' =)" %:%'$&9 =)" &$T('=%98" (P ,)c9%C %9; >C=('%=&(9 %9; '"D&=%:&>%=&(9 %:(9< ,&=) T'&98&T:"> %9; >='%="

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    20/90

    20

    ;(9u= S"8%C>" ,($"9u> S(;&"> ;( =)" &9&=&%=&9< P(' =)"$X $"9>='C%=&(9 %9; 8)&:;S&'=) ="%8) ,($"9=)" =)&9 =)%= $"9 :"%'9 P'($ &9&=&%=&(9 '&=">?

    L()' $&''('> =)" 8:%&$> (P %9=)'(T(:(= +%' %9;8($T%'"> =)"$ =( /0J4> 7$"'&8%? E)" %'9u= >($"=)&9< =)"F )%D" =( "%'9 %9F $('" =)%9 =)"F )%D" =("%'9 =)"&' ,($S>Z ,)"'"%> S(F> 9""; =( "%'9 =)"&' $%>8C:&9&=FZ %9; $"9 9""; =( )%D" % >T"8&%: =)&9 (P '&="> (P T%>>%8'&T=&D"?N)"F ,"'" &9="9;"; =( &9&=&%=" F(C=) &9 >$%::Z )& 8%9 S" "%>&:F ">=%S:&>)";Z &9=( % '%=)"' :&$&=";9C$S"' (P %;C:= '(:">? H9 =(;%Fj> T:C'%:&>=&8 >(8&"=&"> ,)"'" =)"'" %'" $C:=&T:" T(>>&S&:&=&"> P(' D%:C">%9; "=)&8> =)%= &9P('$ %9; ="&9 .14/45 %>*X8%9 $"%9&9 %9; ;"D":(T T'(8">>"> %9; '&=C%:> =)%= "PP"8=&D":F&$T%'= =)">" D%:C"> =( F(C=)?O"'&D"; P'($ (D"' J4 F"%'> (P T'%8=&8" %9; "B="9;&9< D%9 M"99"Tj> =)'"" >=%="&9 &;"9=&PF =,"9=F ":"$"9=> =)%= =)"F 8:%&$ 8(9='&SC=" =( %9 "PP"8=&D"Z8(9="$T('%'F 8($$C9&=F_S%>"; '&=" (P T%>>%8"9= ;"D":(T$"9= &> 8(99"8="; =( % 8($$C9&=F ;"D":(T$"9= T'(8">>'%=)"' =)%9 S"&9< >""9 >(:":F %> %9 &9='%_T>F8)&8 T)"9($"9(9? H9="'D"9=&(9>%'" "8(:("; '&=" (P T%>>%> ,)%= %'" =)" D%:C"> %9;

    "BT"8=%=&(9> =)%= F(C=) $C>= 8%''F P(',%'; =( &9>C'" =)" PC=C'" >C88">> (P =)"8($$C9&=F? N)"'" $C>= S" ;":&S"'%=" >='C8=C'"> =)%= %::(, =)">" 8($$C9&=F;&>8C>>&(9> =( (88C' >( =)%= >($" 8(9>"9>C> %S(C= ">>"9=&%: "BT"8=%=&(9> P('S")%D&(C' %9; D%:C"> "$"'> $C>= T'"8";" =)" 8'"%=&(9 (P"BT"'&"98"> =)%= P(>="' F(C=)>j C9;"'>=%9;&9 C:=&$%=":F ;"T"9; CT(9 =)" ]C%:&=F (P =)" '":%=&(9>)&T>S"=,""9 F(C=) %9; %;C:=>Z %9; S"=,""9 =)" %;C:=> %9; =)" mT'( (P F(C=)j> 8($&9< (P %>&(9%: ;"D":(T$"9= =( SC&:; =)"&' T"'>(9%: %,%'"9">>%9; '">(C'8">? H9;&D&;C%:> 9""; =( C9;"'>%&=&(9 =( $%=C'&=F =( S" %9 "PP"8=&D"&9&=&%=(' (P F(C=)?

    :# %'I# .&//$* )* #.$ .+%$K+%%'*)#F

    U)&:;'"9 ? U(99"8=&(9 =( %9 %8=C%:" (P 8($$C9&=F &> 8'&=&8%: =( % >"9>" (P >":P %9; >"8C'&=F P('8)&:;'"9? APP"8=&D" '&="> (P T%>>%=%S:&>) % >%P" T:%8" P(' &9="9=&(9%:8(9D"'>%=&(9> =( (88C' S"=,""9 8&=&h"9> (P =)" 8($$C9&=FZ F(C=) %9; %;C:=>?

    =)%= ='%9>$&= ">>"9=&%: D%:C"> %9; "=)&8> =)%=

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    21/90

    21

    (P Q%>>% =)%= )":T =( 8'"%=" % T'(;C8=&D" 8(9="B= P(' :"%'9&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    22/90

    22

    %> ,":: %> SF &9;&D&;C%:> ,&=)&9 =)" >%$" % =)" 8($T:"B&=&"> %9;T&=P%::> &9)"'"9= &9 %=="$T=&9< =( ;&>8C>> =)" =(T&8?

    79(=)"' =)"('"=&8%: P'%$",('* =)%= $%F S" C>"PC: P(' =)&> >=C;F &>D&)&Z =)" "$"''/'-) 6&+*4&1

    H$1T S +%&% +(;": .N" \'% !(C 7(="%'(%Z 14405 &98('T('%=&9< =)" U&'8:" (P U(C'%"D"9 ;&>=&98=&D">5

    N)" U&'8:" (P U(C'%&=&D" F(C=) ;"D":(T$"9= P&'>= ;">8'&S"; &9 =)" S((* ^%=&D" 7$"'&8%9 T)&:(>(T)&"> (P 8)&:;_'"%'&9&:&"98" '">"%'8)? N)" U&'8:" (P U(C'%%: ) 8("'8&D" 8(9='(:>? ^"D"'=)":">>Z AC'(T"%9> 8(:(9&>&9< ^('=) 7$"'&8% ='&"; =(o8&D&:&>"j &9;&>"; %>(T)&>=&8%="; T)&:(>(T)F =)%= ='"%="; 8)&:;'"9 ,&=) ;""T '">T"8=? N)">" ='%;&=&(9%: D%:C"> %'"D%:&;%="; SF 8(9="$T('%'F 8)&:; '">"%'8) %9; %'" 8(9>&>="9= ,&=) =)" P&9;&9 (P E=%9:"F U((T"'>$&=),)( &;"9=&P&"; P(C' P(C9;%=&(9> P(' >":P_,('=)X >& &9 7(="%'(% )%D" %;%T="; =)">" P(C' P(C9;%=&(9> C>&9< 8(98"T=>P'($ N" 7( +c('&Z 9%$":FX J.5*&', >'($*4&*4&, D&*& D+#'.&($ %9; 8.&+.&1

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    23/90

    23

    N)" U&'8:" (P U(C'% C>"PC: P(' %>>">>&9< &9;&D&;C%: ;"D":(T$"9=%9; ,"::S"&9 (P ,"::S"&9< P(' CC'" =)" ,"::S"&9< (P ,)c9%C P(' "B%$T:" &> =( %>>">> =)"8(::"8=&D" 8%T%8&=F =( T"'P('$ =%>*> =)%= %'" ,&=)&9 =)" >8(T" %9; &9P:C"98" (P ,)c9%C?

    E&B T'&$%'F 8%T%8&=&"> %'" &;"9=&P&"; SF OC'&"X

    6.$ K&/&K)#F #+ K&-$,$"0""'&+"0;" , )I & K-)#)K&G -+G$ M+- 0.5*&' $I/$K)&GGF )* -$I/$K# +M K.)GH-$*&*H +GH$- %$%E$-I1 a&-$ &GI+ $*#&)GI #.$ /-+%+#)+* +M G)M$I#FG$I #. &-$ K+*I)I#$*# 0)#. #)(&*4&D5+-), %&V)%'% 0$GGAE$)*4, %+E)G)#F &*H )*H$/$*H$*K$, M'GG /&-#)K)/)+* )* I+K)$#F, &*H-$K)/-+K$H K&-$ M+- +#.$- 0.5*&' %$%E$-I1 6.$ E$I# +'#K+%$ )I +*$ 0.$-$ 0.5*&' %$%E$-I.&Q$ & I#-+*4 I$*I$ +M )H$*#)#F, M$$G 0$GG K&-$H M+-, &-$ &EG$ #+ $*N+F L'&G)#F G)M$I#FG$I 0)#. & I$*I$+M )*H$/$*H$*K$, F$# -$%&)* K+*K$-*$H &E+'# #.$ 0$GGE$)*4 +M +#.$- 0.5*&' %$%E$-I1

    6.$ K&/&K)#F M+- 4'&-H)&*I.)/, -"; (9 =)">" >&B 8%T%8&=&"> "$T)%>&>"> T'( &> (9 PC98=&(9%: 8%T%8&=&">? R(' "%8) 8%T%8&=F &= &> T(>>&=( &;"9=&PF %9; &9;&8%=('>? R(' "B%$T:"Z =)" 8%T%8&=F P(' "> &9 =)" ;C'%=&(9Z P'"]C"98F %9; &9="9>&=F (P ,)c9%C =&$" )":T&9< (C= %= $%'%" ,('*&9< S"">Z,)&:" =)" 8%T%8&=F =( T:%9 %)"%; $&C'"; SF =)" ">=%S:&>)$"9= (P %9 ";C8%=&(9 T:%9 P('PC=C'" >$"9= N((: S%>";(9 =)" e)c9%C \'% $(;": T'(T(>"; SF Q'(P">>(' OC'&"?

    N)"$"> =)%= "$"' C9;"'=%*"9 %> =)" *"F T%'= (P =)&> T'(a"8= 8%9 S" %:& '":%=&9< =( =)" &$T('=%98" (P e)c9%CZ QC*"9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    24/90

    24

    &;"9=&P&";? N)&> ,%> %9 C9"BT"8="; SC= ,":8($" %PP&'$%=&(9 (P =)" +%&% $(;": =)%= ,%> 9(=>T"8&P&8%::F SC&:= &9=( =)" &9="'D&", ]C">=&(9&9< SC= 8%$" =)'(C )%D" S""9 "BT:%&9"; &9 >"D"'%: = ./0@W5 9(=">=)" ;&PP"'"98" S"=,""9 =)(>" T'%8=&8"; SF &$T('=%9= %> (TT(>"; =( (';&9%'F P%$&:&">? R(::(,&9< =)"S&'=) (P % P&'>= S('9 8)&"P:F 8)&:; =)" T"(T:" ,(C:; %>>"$S:" P(' 8"'"$(9&%: '&=C%:>Z =)" $(>= &$T('=%9=S"&9< =)" =()&Z % *&9; (P S%T=&>$? +%*"'"=& ./0WG5 >C P(' F(C9< 8)&:;'"9 &98:C;&9< "%'>S"&9< T&"'8"; %= % F(C9< %5Z =)" ="%8)&9< (P )(C>")(:; %9;8($$C9&=F '">T(9>&S&:&=&"> %> >((9 %> =)" 8)&:; &> (:; "9(C='C%=&(9 %9; S'(%;"' D%:C"> 8(99"8="; =( T'%8=&8"> (P )(>T&=%:&=FZ

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    25/90

    25

    A%':F $&>>&(9%'F E%$C": +%'>;"9 .A:;"'Z /0IW5 9(="; =)" T'%8=&8" (P 8)&:;'"9 S"&9< =%*"9 =( $""=&9=( :&>="9 =( ;&>8C>>&(9> (9 % '%9?

    6.$ K.)$MI #&($ #.$)- K.)GH-$* M-+% #.$)- %+#.$-^I E-$&I# #+ &GG #.$)- /'EG)K %$$#)*4I, 0.$-$ #.$F .$&-&GG #. )I I&)H '/+* /+G)#)KI, -$G)4)+*, 0&- $#K, EF #.$ +GH$I# %$*1 a.)GH-$* 0)GG M-$L'$*#GF &I(L'$I#)+*I )* /'EG)K K+*Q$-I)+* &*H &-$ &*I0$-$H EF #.$ K.)$MI1 : .&Q$ +M#$* E$$* I'-/-)I$H #+ I$$

    K.)GH-$* I)##)*4 &%+*4I# #.$ K.)$MI &*H /&F)*4 KG+I$ #$*#)+* #+ 0. 0&I I&)H1 6.$ K.)GH-$* *$Q$-&//$&- '*H$- &*F $%E&--&II%$*# 0.$* #.$F &HH-$II & I#-&*4$- 0.+% #.$F *$Q$- I&01 :* $Q$-FQ)GG&4$ #.$ K.)GH-$*, &I I++* &I #.$F G$&-*$H &*F +M +'- *&%$I, K&%$ '/ #+ 'I &*H I/+($ #+ 'I 0)#.#.$ 4-$$I# M&%)G)&-)#F1

    EC8) :"%'9&9< SF (>$(>&> "98(C'%)&T 8($$C9&=F? !(,"D"'Z e('*$%9 .14/45 >C )%; 8)%9=> =)" P%8= =)%= % 8)&:; ,%> 8(9>&;"'"; =( S":(9< =( =)",)c9%CZ )%Td %9; &,& &$T(>"; 8(9>&;"'%S:" '">T(9>&S&:&=&"> (9 =)(>" 8)%'&$$";&%=" 8%'"X

    >&-$*#I G&-4$GF .$GH #.$)- K.)GH-$* )* #-'I# M+- #.$)- )%%$H)$ -$G)Q$I &*H #.$ #-)E$ 4$*$-&GGF1 :M &K.)GH #. 0&I '*H$- #.$ K&-$ +M )#I /&-$*#I %$# 0)#. &* &KK)H$*# &*H G+I# )#I G)M$, & #&'&A%'-', +--&)H)*4 /&-#F, 0&I +-4&*)I$H &4&)*I# #.+I$ /&-$*#I EF #.$ -$G)Q$I &*H #-)E$1 6.)I /&-#F /-+K$$H$H #+#.$ /&-$*#In -$I)H$*K$ &*H I#-)//$H #.$% +M #.$)- /+II$II)+*I1 6.$ +EN$K# #.'I I$-Q$H 0&I & #0+AM+GH+*$] )# 0&I & 0&-*)*4 #+ +#.$- /&-$*#I #+ E$ K&-$M'G +M #.$ K.)GH-$*, &*H )# I$K'-$H K+%/$*I)+* M+-#.$ G+II +M & %$%E$- +M #.$ #-)E$1

    +"'"%9% +(*&*&,% !C=8)"9 &9 \jL"C%::F 8%$" P'($ :%'? 7 T("=&8 "BT'">>&(9 P'($ =)"QC'%TC'%,)"=C =C*C=C*C T%9": &9 =)" 7C8*:%9; +C>"C$ ./0025 >C" +c('& 8%$" P'($ :%'8"9=> ,"'" C>"; =( '"8"&D&9< P%$&:F":P_">=""$ %9; S"&9< T%'= (P >($"=)&9< S& S"9"P&= =)%= =)"&' "%>=(,%';> =)" :"%'9&9< T'(8">> &9 ="'$> (P C9;"'>=%9;&9< =)'(C %9; P(:*:('" ,"'"

    &9="9=&(9%::F ='&=";%9; (9" 8(C:; ='%8" =)"&' ,)%*%T%T% =)'(C=%9= %PP&'$%=&(9 P'($,)c9%C?

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    26/90

    26

    !&'(% >C%=&(9 +c('& )%; % D"'F >='C8=C'"; 8($$C9&=F %9; T"'>(9%: :&P"? Y(C9 =( :"%'9 >*&::> (P )(C>"_SC&:;&9)&9< %9; P(,:&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    27/90

    27

    6.$ I$$HI +M #.$I$ G$II+*I MG+'-)I.$H )* .)I M$-#)G$ %)*H, &*H 0$-$ I.+-#GF #+ I#&-# E$&-)*4 M-')# )* &*'*$V/$K#$H 0&F1

    B48'4+08 R084#- %+0;-:$--$*;

    A%':F (S>"'D"'> $%;" $"9=&(9 (P =)" >(T)&>=&8%="; >(8&%: (';"' =)%= T'"D%&:"; &9 +c('& >(8&"=F %9; =)">F>="$> C>"; =( ='%9>P"' D%:C"> %9; $%&9=%&9 =)" (8&"=F %9; 8($$C9&=&">?E=%8* ./W0W5 '">T"8="; =)" D%:C" >F>="$ =)%= T'"D%&:"; &9 +c('& >(8&"=F %> )" >%, &=X

    :* #.$)- I+K)&G &*H H+%$I#)K -$G)+*I, %'K. .&-%+*F &*H 4++H M$$G)*4 /-$Q&)G$H1 6.$F 0$-$K+'-#$+'I )* #.$)- E$.&Q)+'- #+0&-HI $&K. +#.$-, &*H I+ '*0)GG)*4 #+ .'-# #.$ M$$G)*4I +M +#.$-I, #.)* K+*Q$F)*4 E&H &*H I#&-#G)*4 *$0I #.$F $%/G+F$H & I+*4 +- L'+#$H & I&F)*4 +M 0$GGA(*+0*%$&*)*41 ?*F+*$ 4')G#F +M -'H$ E$.&Q)+'- 0&I I/+($* +M &I +*$ 0.+ .&H *+ /&-$*#IA +*$ .K.$H

    M-+% & K'K(++^I $441 :M #.$F %$# &* $*$%F )* #.$ K+%/&*F +M +*$ +M #.$)- +0* M-)$*HI &*H &GG)$I, *+%#$- .+0 H$&HGF #.$ M$'H E$#0$$* #.$% %)4.# E$, #.$F 0+'GH E$ L')#$ K)Q)G #+ #.$ $*$%F, &*H H+*+#.)*4 #+ .&-% .)% 0.)G$ 0)#. #.$)- M-)$*H, M+- M$&- +M 4)Q)*4 .)% /&)*o#.$)- K.)Q&G-+'I K+*H'K# +*I+%$ +KK&I)+*I #+0&-HI #.$)- M+$I 0&I Q$-F -$%&-(&EG$ A /$-.&/I )%/$-)GG$H $VK$/# )* #.$ &4$ +M

    (*)4.#.++H1E=%8* :%C;"; =)" T"%8"_P&::"; >(8&"=F (P %SC9;%98" =)%= ,)c9%C "9a(F"; S"P('" 8(:(9&>%=&(9X

    P'-)*4 #.$ K$*#'-)$I 0.)K. /-$K$H$H +'- +KK'/)+*, #.$ +-H)*&-F G)M$ +M #.$ /$+/G$ )* #)%$I +M /$&K$0&I /G$&I&*# &*H &4-$$&EG$1 6.$ /$+/G$ /+II$II$H &* &E'*H&*K$ +M M++H, &* &4-$$&EG$ &*H .$&G#.F+KK'/)+* +M %)*H &*H E+HF1 "&K. I$&I+* +M #.$ F$&- &*H $&K. /&-# +M #.$ H&F .&H )#I &GG+##$H 0+-(+- &%'I$%$*# E+#. M+- %$*, 0+%$* &*H K.)GH-$*1 6.$ 0+%$*, E$I)H$I I'K. .+'I$.+GH H'#)$I &I #.$

    /-$/&-)+* +M M++H &*H KG$&*I)*4 #.$)- .+'I$I, %&H$ #.$ KG+#.)*4 &*H E$HH)*4 -$L')-$H M+- #.$)- M&%)G)$I1 6.$F 4.$-$H #.$ MG&V &*H #)A/&G% M)E-$I 'I$H, &*H /-$/&-$H &*H 0+-($H #.$% '/ )*#+ &Q&-)$#F +M 4&-%$*#I, &*H 0.$* M)*)I.$H 0$-$ E$&'#)M'G I/$K)%$*I +M .&*H)0+-(1 6.$ K.)GH-$* /G&F$H& Q&-)$#F +M 4&%$I 0)#. #+/, E&GGI, ()#$I, &*H I0)*4I1 6.$ F+'#. $*4&4$H )* 0-$I#G)*4 &*H -'**)*4,G$&/)*4 0)#. /+G$I, I()//)*4 )* IL'&HI +M gc +- & H+f$* #+4$#.$-, &*H M++#A &*H K&*+$ -&K$I1 6.$ %$*4.$-$H #.$ M++H )* J.&I +- I#+-$-++%I1

    :# )I )*H$$H, I'-/-)I)*4 #+ M)*H & /$+/G$o /+II$II)*4 I'K. $G&E+-$ #.$+-)$I &E+'# #.$ +-)4)* +M &GG#.)*4I C #.$+-)$I 0)#. K+*#&)* #-&K$I +M & /.)G+I+/.F 0.)K. $Q)H$*#GF E$G+*4$H #+ & /$-)+H +M .)4.$-%$*#&G K'G#'-$1

    7'=)C' !&,& U(C8) ./0W25 '"8%::"; =)" (TT('=C9&=F )" )%; =( S" &9>='C8="; SF )&> T%'"9=> %9; ,)%= )" 8(9>&;"'> % :%8* (P %TT'"8&%=&(9 &9 8(9="$T('%'F +c('& >(8&"=F P(' =)" ,%F> (P=)" (:; T"(T:"X

    8'- $GH$-I 0$-$ & /-+'H /$+/G$, (*+0)*4 #.$F 0$-$ #.$ H$IK$*H&*#I +M & 4-$ -&K$1 J.$* +*$ G++(I&-+'*H *+0, +- -$&HI #.$ *$0I/&/$-, +*$ E+0I #.$ .$&H )* I+--+0 #.$ )*H)MM$-$*K$ +M #.)I +*K$%)4.#F /$+/G$1 :M +*GF %+-$ +M +'- F+'*4 M+G( K+'GH G++( E&K( #.$ I#-$*4#., E+#. /.FI)K&G &*H%$*#&G, +M #.$)- M+-$E$&-I, D5+-) *&%$I 0+'GH *+# +KK'/F I+ /-+%)*$*# & /G&K$ )* -$/+-#I +M #.$ G&0K+'-#I1 ?GG +Q$- j$0 q$&G&*H $MM+-#I &-$ E$)*4 %&H$ #+ -$()*HG$ #. /-)H$ +M -&K$ )* +'- F+'*4 M+G(,#.-+'4. K'G#'-&G 4-+'/I &*H E$##$- $H'K)+*o6.$F .&Q$ G)Q$H +Q$- & K$*#'-F 0)#. #.$ >5($.&, &*H0)#. #.$)- E&K(4-+'*H &I & /-+'H &*H )*H$/$*H$*# /$+/G$, #.$F I.+'GH E$ &EG$ #+ M)4.# #.$)- +0*

    0&F #+ & I'KK$IIM'G K&-$$- )M #.$F 0+'GH E'# #-F1

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    28/90

    28

    /='%="&(9> 3 =)" 8)&:; PC98=&(9&9< %> % :&9* S"=,""9 %9;

    =)" 9%=C'%: ,(':; .E&':&9< [ E%:$(9;Z /0W45?7> % 8)&:; =%="> =)%= ,)"9 % S(F 8)&:; "9="'"; )&> =""9>Z )" )%; T%>>"; =)'(C 8(98"'9";Z )" 9(, 8%$" C9;"' =)" &9P:C"98" (P =)" TCS:&8 >T"%*"'> %9; ('%=('>(P )&> ='&S" .T

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    29/90

    29

    #.$% &*F %+-$ G)($ )# H)H )* #.$ +GH H&FI1 ?*H 0.$* .$ L'$I#)+*$H #.$ I/)-)# #. #+GH .)% #+ .$&G #.$ /$+/G$ A &*H .$ &*I0$-$H )# E&K( &*H #+GH )# #. .$ 0&*#$H #+ .$&G #.$ G&*H )*I#$&H A 0$GG, #.$F0+'GH /-+E&EGF -'* +MM &I M&I# &I #.$F K+'GH1 e'# .$ 0&I & #$&K.$-, &*H .$ .&H G$&-*# M-+% #.$ +GH

    /$+/G$ .+0 #+ H+ &GG #.+I$ #.)*4I1r

    +((9 >C (P T%>>%T"8&%: PC98=&(9

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

    `F 8(9='%>=Z E=%8* ./W0W5 '"P:"8=> (9 =)" D"'F ;"$(8'%=&8 9%=C'" (P >($" *9(,:";(8&"=FX

    6+ "'-+/$&*I 0.+I$ %$%+-)$I .&Q$ *+# E$$* $V$-K)I$H &*H #-&)*$H #+ #.$ I&%$ $V#$*# #. #.$D5+-) %$%+-)$I 0$-$, )# I$$%I &G%+I# )*K-$H)EG$ #. I+ G&-4$ &%+'*# +M (*+0G$H4$ +* I'K. &Q&-)$#F +M I'EN$K#I K+'GH .&Q$ E$$* /-$I$-Q$H M+- &*F G$*4#. +M #)%$ EF +-&G #-&H)#)+*@1 e'# -$I$&-K.I.+0I )*M+-%)+* .&I E$$* .&*H$H H+0* K+--$K#GF =o)H$*#)K&G )* $Q$-F /&-#)K'G&- /+)*#1@

    "Q$* )* #.$ =&EI$*K$ +M & 0-)##$* G&*4'&4$, #.$ D5+-)I 0$-$ $*&EG$H #+ &KK'-$GF /-$I$-Q$ #.$)-.)I#+-F1 aG&II$I M+- )*I#-'K#)+* )* #.$ Q&-)+'I I'EN$K#I +M (*+0G$H4$ K'G#)Q$H EF #.$ /$+/G$ $V)I#$H)* $Q$-F #-)E$1 6.$I$ KG&II$I, 0.)K. 0$-$ .$GH )* & E')GH)*4 I/$K)&GGF I$# &/&-# M+- #.$ /'-/+I$, K&GG$H#.$ J.&-$A/'A-5(&', +- ?-%+'-F, 0$-$ +/$* &**'&GGF 0)#. 4-$ K$-$%+*F #.$ E$4)**)*4 +M0)*#$-o#.$ KG&II$I 0$-$ ($/# +/$* M+- &E+'# s %+*#.I1 :*I#-'K#)+* 0&I )%/&-#$H EF & E&*H +M=#+.'*4&I@ +- I()GG$H /$-I+*I1 6.$ I'EN$K#I #&'4.# K+%/-)I$H #.$ %F#.I -$G)*4 #+ #.$ +-)4)* +M &GG#.)*4I, &*H #+ #.$ 4+HI &*H #.$ H$%)A4+HI, #.$ -$G)4)+'I E$G)$MI +M #.$ -&K$, K.&-%I &*H )*K&*#)+*I,#.$ -'G$I +M =#&/'@, G$4$*HI, M&EG$I, .)I#+-F Y*)+*&G &*H #-)E&GZ, G&0I, 4$*$&G+4)$I, #-$%$*# +MH)I$&I$I, &I#-+*+%F, &4-)K'G#'-$, $#K1 6.$ %+I# /-+M)K)$*# +M #.$ /'/)GI #-&)*$H )* #.$I$ IK.++GI

    M+-%$H #.$ G$&-*$H KG&II, M+- 0.)K. #.$ =#+.'*4&I@ 0$-$ M-+% #)%$ #+ #)%$ K.+I$*L"8"9= >=C;&"> (9 '">&:&"98F %$(9= F(C9< T"(T:" >)(, =)%= T'(8">>"> =)%= (T"'%=" %= P%$&:F :"D":%'" &$T('=%9= &9 %>>&>=&9< P%$&:&"> =( 8(T" ,&=) %;D"'>&=F .+%8*%FZ 144I5? ^(9_'">&;"9= %9; (=)"'P%=)"' P&&9?

    H9 % '"D&", (P =)" '(:" (P &;"9=&=F &9 ,)c9%C ;"D":(T$"9=Z +("*"_Q&8*"'&9< ./00G5 >C $"%9&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    30/90

    30

    =%",) ="0"0;" B H*+:08 F#0+;$;1 @;-'$'4'$*;-

    N)" N%TC E8)((: (P K"%'9&9< &> ;">8'&S"; SF >($"Z %> )%D&9< % >&$&:%' 9%=C'" %> (P ,c9%9=C;"9=> 8%$" =( N)" N%TC >8)((: (P :"%'9&9< ,&=)&9 )&>,'&=&9 ,&=) % P(8C> (9 =)" '(:" =)">" P%8&:&=&"> T:%F"; &9 >8&"98" ";C8%=&(9X

    :# 0&I #&'4.# )* #.$ #&/' IK.++G +M G$&-*)*4 #. 0$- )I +*$ +M #.$ K.)$M K+*I#)#'$*#I +- *$K$II)#)$I+M G)M$1 :# )I %+)I#'-$ #. K&'I$I 4-+0#. )* &GG #.)*4I, +#.$- *$K$II&-F &4$*#I E$)*4 #.$ I'*, #.$%++*, &*H #.$ I#&-I1 U&K()*4 %+)I#'-$, &GG #.)*4I 0+'GH M&)G +* $&-#., )* #.$ .$&Q$*I, )* #.$ I'*I, #.$%++*I &*H #.$ I#&-I +M &GG -$&G%I1 a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

    M+-%I &-+'*H 'I, +M #.$ H)MM$-$*K$I )* I'K. M+-%I, &I )* #-$$I, )* .$-E&4$, )* )*I$K#I, E)-HI, M)I.,I#+*$I, &*H I+)GI] #.$I$ #.)*4I K+*#-+G I'K. M+-%I, &*H #.$)- 4-+0#.1 9$*K$ H$. &II&)GI &GG #.)*4I +*

    $&-#., )* #.$ 0$-I, )* #.$ I'*, #.$ %++*, &*H #.$ I#&-I, )* #.$ KG+'HI, %)I#I, -&)*, &*H 0)*HI] &GG#.)*4I K+*#&)* #.$ $G$%$*#I +M H$K&F, $&K. &M#$- #.$ %&**$- +M )#I ()*H1

    `('9 %'(C9; /W@4Z %= %9 "%':F %? N)&> :%&; =)"P(C9;%=&(9> (P %9 "98F8:(T%";&8 *9(,:";=('F T"'=%&9&9< =( =)"U%9="'SC'F %'"%? N&*%( ./0045 T'(D&;"; >($" 8($T%'&>(9 S"=,""9 :">>(9> P'($ )&> =&$" &9 =)"e)%'"*C'% %9; =)" ="%8)&9 (P ,">="'9 >8&"98"X

    6.$ 0.)#$ %&* )I #&'4.# #. #.$ 0+-GH )I -+'*H G)($ &* +-&*4$, E'# : 0&I #&'4.# #. )# -+'*H G)($ & /G$1 O+' G$&-* #. )# )I -+'*H G)($ & E&GG, E'# : G$&-*$H #. )# )I MG G)($ & /G$, &*H : I#)GG E$G)$Q#.)I1 6.$ D5+-)I +M +GH I&)H #.$ 0+-GH )I MG, *+# & 4G+E$, E'# #.$F *$Q$- I&)H .+0 #.)K( )# )I1 6.$0.)#$ %&* )I Q$-F 0)I$ )* %&*F 0&FI, E'# .$ )I 0-+*4 )* I&F)*4 #.$ $&-#. )I *+# I/-$&H +'# MG

    ?*K)$*# I+*4I I&F #.$ 0+-GH )I K)-K'G&- &*H #. #.$ I&*H G)$I -+'*H )# G)($ & -)%, &*H #. +'#I)H$ &*HE$F+*H #.)I )I I/&K$1

    N&*%( %:>( T'(D&;"> >($" ;">8'&T=&(9 (9 =)" ('& , +- G$&-*$H %$* +M #.$

    #-)E$, #&'4.# #.$ F+'#.I #.$ H)MM$-$*# I'EN$K#I +M D5+-) $H'K)+*1 :# 0&I & E)4 E')GH)*4 &*H 0&I=%TC YI&K-$HZ1 6.$ #$&K.)*4 )* )# E$)*4 H+*$ EF *)4.#, #.$ G)4.# *$K$II&-F 0&I I'//G)$H EF #+-K.$I1 6.$=()C*% 0.+ 0&I 4+)*4 #+ )%/&-# )*I#-'K#)+* 0$*# #+ #.$ =C%)C Y&G#&-Z M)-I# &*H #.$-$ I&)H*%'%*&%1T-+% #.$-$ .$ /-+K$$H$H #+ #.$ ,)%'"*C'% &*H #&'4.# #.$ I$G$K#$H F+'#.I +M #.$ K+%%'*)#F 0.)G$#.$ -$I# +M #.$ )*.&E)#&*#I 0$-$ &IG$$/, #.$ &Q$-&4$ G$*4#. +M #.$ G$II+*I E$)*4 &E+'# M+'- .+'-I1

    N&*%( >C8)((:> =)%= '%9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    31/90

    31

    (05$ %*$C 3*4'5X ?+' 2 B+0.'7 >$%:: 9C$S"' (P F(C=) S"8%$" 8'%P=>$%9 %9; %'=&>=>? e)"=)"' &= ,%> &9="'">= (' T'">C$";S&'=)'&C8) %> ,)%*%&'( %9$(*(Z !&'(% ./0@45 >=%="> =)%=X

    6.$ &H+G$IK$*# .&H #+ E$ #&'4.# EF & #+.'*4&1 9)I &//-$*#)K$I.)/ 0&I K+%%$*K$H EF &* )*)#))+*K$-$%+*F )* 0.)K. #.$ -)#'&G E-+'4.# .)% '*H$- #.$ M&Q+'- +M #.$ #'#$G&-F 4+H +M #.$ /&-#)K'G&- K-&M#16.$ I#'H$*#I '*H$-I#&*H)*4 0&I #.$-$EF L')K($*$H, .)I $&-I E$K&%$ %+-$ -$K$/#)Q$ #+ )*I#-'K#)+*,.)I %$%+-F -$#$*#)Q$ &*H .)I .&*H I()GM'G1 6.$ &--&*4$%$*#I 0$-$ 'I'&GGF %&H$ EF (&'%5#'& E'#I+%$#)%$I #.$ ($$* H$I)-$ +M #.$ E+F 0&I -$K+4*)I$H EF #.$ K-&M#I%&*1.T

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    32/90

    32

    D$%E$-I I/+($ +M .+0 %$* K+*#-+GG$H #.$ /'-I$AI#-)*4I, &*H 0+%$* G$&-*# .+0 #+ $V$-# )*MG'$*K$0)#.+'# )*K'--)*4 -$I)I#&*K$1 6.$F -$%$%E$-$H #.$)- M&%)G)$I &I +M#$* Q$-F /-)Q$, G)Q)*4 0)#.)* &I%&GG K+%%'*)#F G&-4$GF )I+G$H M-+% D5+-) $GI$0.$-$1 T+- 0+%$* #.$-$ 0$-$ M$0 0&FI #+ %$$#,I.&-$ &*H G$&-* +'#I)H$ #.$)- )%%$H)$ K)-KG$, &*H M$0 %$&*I +M 4&)*)*4 )*I)4.# )*#+ #.$ *$#0+-(I +M#.$ >5($.& 0+%$*oe'# M+- #.$ %&N+-)#F )* ;">&>)" )"'>":P 8%9 9(, 8'"%=" :&P" %9; 8(9=&9C" =)" ^%D%a( 8C:=C'"? ^%D%a( S(F> )%D" 9( >&$&:%'8"'"$(9F? H9 8(9='%>=Z `"% SF=)" 14 =) U"9=C'F P(' +c('& %TT'(%8)"> %= =)" (9>"= (P >"BC%: %8=&D&=F %$(9= =)" ,)c9%C =)"F>=C;&";X

    :* #.$ 9)G#+* M&%)GF, &I )* +#.$-I G)($ #.$%, #.$ L'$I#)+* +M I$V $H'K)+* +M #.$ F+'*4 /$+/G$&II'%$I )%/+-#&*K$ Y0.$-$&I )* #.$ K&I'&G M&%)G)$I, I$V (*+0G$H4$ )I #&($* M+- 4-&*#$H, &I 0$GG )#%&F E$Z1 D&, #.$ M.$-, .&I I+'*H$H +'# .)I I+* &*H %&H$ I'-$ .$ )I &0&-$ +M #.$ M&K#I +M I$Vo9$ )I H$#$-%)*$H #. .)I I+*^I K.&*K$I +M I#$&HF 0+-( 0)GG *+# E$ .&%/$-$H EF %&--)&4$ Y#.$ K&I'&G

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

    L( "BT:%9%=&(9 (P -&9%%:;%X

    =DF %+% 0+*^# G$# &*FE+HF 4+ +'# 0)#.+'# +*$1 DF %+% I&FI )M F+' 4$# +*$ F+' &-$ &* +(&F G&HF18* %F &'*#^I I)H$, #.$F H)H*^# H+ &*F +M #.+I$1 6.$F^-$ N'I# -'**)*4 &-+'*H +'# #.$-$ I+%$0.$-$1@9$- I)I#$- G&'4.$H, =J.)#$ /$+/G$ #-F #+ .)H$ )#1 J$ K$G$E-$ )#1 :# )I 0+%&*.++H1 ?*H $Q$-F#.)*41@

    ^%D%a( ":;"'> >"" % 8(99"8=&(9 S"=,""9 =)" ;"8'"%>"; C>" (P -&9%%:;% %9; %9 &98'"%>" &9 =)" 9C$S"'(P ^%D%a( F(C9< ,($"9 ,)( )%D" ;&PP&8C:=&"> >=%F&9< (9 %9 %TT'(T'&%=" 8C:=C'%: ='%8*?

    >'5#+ F$.# O&$88- 2 J;*G8#A1# ?F>="$ (P )C$%9 ;"D":(T$"9= =)%= +c('&>(8&"=F ,%> S%>"; CT(9? U%9(9 g%$"> E=%8* ,'&=&9< &9 =)" :%=" /0=) U"9=C'F P(C9; >T"8&P&88($T%'&>(9> S"=,""9 =)" 8C:=C'%: ;"T=) (P +c('& >(8&"=F %9; =)%= (P S(=) $(;"'9 %9; %98&"9=AC'(T"? E=%8* ./W0W5 >C( =)%9 $(>= AC'(T"%9> (P =)" =&$"X

    :* #.$ /+$#-F &*H /-+Q$-EI +M #.)I G+*4A)I+G$H /$+/G$ 0$ M)*H #.$ I&%$ )H$&I &*H #.$ I&%$

    I)%)G&-)#)$I $%/G+F$H #. #.$ /+$#I &*H I&4$I +M #.$ 8GH J+-GH 'I$H #+ H$IK-)E$ .'%&* /&II)+*I&*H $%+#)+*Io 4)Q)*4 '##$-&*K$ )* #.$)- /'EG)K I/$$K.$I #+ G+M#F )H$&I, )* I#-&*4$ K+*#-&I# 0)#. #.$)-I+-H)H I'--+'*H)*4IoI+ M&- M-+% E$)*4 )4*+-&*# I&Q&4$I, 0$ M)*H #. & G&-4$ /-+/+-#)+* +M #.$

    /$+/G$ /+II$II$H K'G#)Q$H %)*HI, &*H 0$-$ 0$GGA)*I#-'K#$H )* I'EN$K#I 0.)K. +*GF .)4.GFA$H'K$H"'-+/$&*I #.)*( +M &KL')-)*4 &*F $V&K# (*+0G$H4$ &E+'#1 6.$F 0$-$ M&%)G)&- 0)#. #.$ MG+-& &*H

    M&'*& +M #.$)- K+'*#-F, #+ $Q$-F +EN$K# +M 0.)K. #.$F 4&Q$ H)I#)*K#)Q$ *&%$I, /-$K)I$ $*+'4. #+ /-+Q$#. #.$F 0$-$ ($$* &*H )*#$GG)4$*# +EI$-Q$-I +M &GG *'-&G +EN$K#I1 6.$F IK&**$H #.$ I#&-I &*H*&%$H #.$ Q&-)+'I K+*I#$GG)+*I, &*H #++( I'K. *+#$ +M #.$)- %+Q$%$*#I &I #+ %&-( #.$ I$&I+*I EF#.$%1 6.$)- I$*I$ +M E$&'#F 0&I I+ K+--$K# #., I)%/G$ &I #.$)- KG+#.)*4, &*H '#$*I)GI, &*H 0$&/+*I0$-$, #.$F H$I)4*$H #.$ M+-%I +M #.$% )* I'K. & 0&F &I #+ -$*H$- #.$% +EN$K#I +M E$&'#F1

    E=%8* %;$(9&>)"; =)" ='C98%="; D&",> (P >($" (P )&> 8(9="$T('%'&"> ,)( ;&; 9(= >""$ =( PC::F

    %TT'"8&%=" =)" >='"9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    33/90

    33

    6.+I$ 0.+ +*GF M)V #.$)- $F$I '/+* #.$ H$M$K#)Q$ I)H$ +M #.$ D5+-)^I K.&-&K#$- &*H &KL')-$%$*#Io0)GG &GI+ G$&-* .+0 )# )I #. %+I# +M #.+I$ "'-+/$&*I 0.+ .&Q$ #&($* /&)*I #+ &KL')-$ &KK'-$(*+0G$H4$ +M #.$ M)-I# )*.&E)#&*#I +M #.)I K+'*#-F .&Q$ M+-%$H I'K. & .)4. +/)*)+* +M #.$ D5+-) -&K$1

    -&9< ./0W05 9(="> =)%= $%9)((; ,%> '"8("; SF +('&('&Z 9(= =)'(C*&:: &9 ,%'P%'" %> &= ,%> &9$(>= (=)"' Q(:F9">&%9 8($$C9&=&">Z SC= =)'(C S"&9< %S:" =( ;&D" P(' *(C'% .8'%FP&>)5 %9; >C'P%8" )(:;&9< (9" &9 "%8) )%9;%9; (9" &9 =)" $(C=)?

    K+0A40'$*; 2 M#G ,#-9*;-$V$8$'$#-`">= ./01J5 T'(D&;"; &9P('$%=&(9 (9 =)" T:%8" (P =C;"9=> 8($&9< (C= (P =)" N%TC>8)((:? N)" >F$S(: (P % >=C;"9=j> %8'"; >=(9">? `">= ,'&="> (P N(T&% NC'(% .)" =(% '%9=(9" '"T'">"9="; =( "%8) >8)(:%'X

    - J.' >'+-+-&*4) "9%S:"> =)" >8)(:%' =( '"=%&9 %8]C&'"; *9(,:";C8) $%=="' &9 %9 C9,&>" $%99"'i

    - J.' (&) D&*&0& >)(C:; %:,%F> S" 8%''&"; ,&=) =)" >8)(:%'Z ">T"8&%::F ,)"9 a(&9&9< %9%>>"$S:F (P >='%9>">>"; T'(="8=&D" T(,"'>i

    - J.' J.&(&-& %:,%F> T:%8" =)&> S"9"%=) F(C' T&::(, %= 9& &= $%F S"9"P&8&%::F %PP"8=F(C' $%C'&?

    H9 /0/J =)"'" '"$%&9"; P(C' $"9 ,)( ,"'" )(:;"'> (P =)&> >=(9" o8"'=&P&8%="j >=&:: :&D&9< &9 =)"e)%9='&8=? -9(,:"; &= &> &9 $%9F 8&'8:"> =(;%FZ )& %9(=)"' ,%F (P C9;"'>=%9;&9< %8]C&'"; *9(,:";&;"'"; =( )%D" >T"8&%: X

    >-+/.$KF )I *+# -$&GGF &E+'# I&F)*4 0. )I 4+)*4 +* #+ .&//$* )* #.$ M'#'-$1 J$ K&*n# H+ #.&*F0&F A +*GF #.$ ?G%)4.#F K&* H+ #. #.-+'4. 'I1 J. /-+/.$KF )I, M+- D5+-), )I #. #.)*4 +M$V/&*H)*4 F+'- (*+0G$H4$ &*H #$I#)*4 )#, &*H M-+% #., -$K$)Q)*4 *$0 #.)*4I )*#+ F+'- #.)*()*41 e'#$Q$* )M #. .&//$*I, 0$GG, & /-+/.$# .&I #+ 'I$ #. (*+0G$H4$ M+- #.$ E$*$M)# +M #.$ /$+/G$1 : I$$G+#I +M /$+/G$ 0.+ K+%$ #+ %$ &*H 0&*# #+ (*+0 &GG I+-#I +M I#'MM, &*H #.$F #.)*( #. EF (*+0)*4#.)*4I, #.$F 0)GG E$ %+-$ /+0$-M'G1 e'# )M F+' &-$ H+)*4 #.$I$ #.)*4I #+ E$K+%$ /+0$-M'G, 0$GG, F+'K&* (*+0 )# &GG, E'# #.$*, F+' 0)GG *$Q$- .&Q$ #. '*H$-I#&*H)*4 #. 4+$I 0)#. )#1 T+- & /-+/.$#,(*+0G$H4$ )I *+# #.$-$ M+- F+'-I$GM, +- E$K&'I$ +#.$- /$+/G$ M)*H )# )*#$-$I#)*41 :# )I *+# & #.)*4 M+-

    M'*, G)($ 0K.)*4 6u1 ? /-+/.$#, & /-+/.$# )* #.$ D5+-) 0+-GH, .&I #+ .&Q$ #.$ -)4.# 0&FI +M #.)*()*4#+ E$ & /-+/.$#1

    e)"9 A'C"'% E=&':&9< .E=&':&9< [ E%:$(9;Z /0W45 P'($ N" e)c9%C_%_7T%9C& 8($T:"="; )&> ='%&9&9< %==)" )%9;> (P =)" ":;"':F 8(CT:" =)%= 8%'"; P(' )&$ P'($ =)" %C'"> =)" 8(9=&9C"; D&%S&:&=F (P =)" 8(::"8=&D"

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    34/90

    34

    B50;1$;1 ,$'#- 0;A ,$'408-L&$"9" ./00W5 >C=%)"; 8(9P&;"98" P'($ ,)c9%C +c('& &9 =)" D%:C" (P $%&9>='"%$ >CTT('= >"'D&8">X

    6.$ #.$%$ +M #-&H)#)+*&G D5+-) E$G)$MI, K'I#+%I &*H /-&K#)K$I -$4&-H)*4 K.)GHE)-#. 0&I .)4.G)4.#$H#.-+'4. #.$ I#+-)$I )* #.)I #$V#1 6.$I$ &I/$K#I +M #.$ G)Q$I +M %&*F D5+-) /$+/G$ &-$ Q$-F -$&G &*HQ$-F )%/+-#&*#] #.)I )I /&-# +M 0. )# )I r#+ E$ D5+-)r1 6.$ I#+-)$I &GI+ .)4.G)4.#$H #.$ )4*+-&*K$ +MI+%$ %&)*I#-$&% .$&G#. /-+Q)H$-I -$4&-H)*4 #.$)- G&K( +M (*+0G$H4$, '*H$-I#&*H)*4 &*H&//-$K))+* +M & D5+-) 0+-GH Q)$01 :# )I G)##G$ 0+*H$- #. I+%$ D5+-) /$+/G$ .&Q$ E$$* -$#)K$*# #+'I$ %&)*I#-$&% I$-Q)K$I1 9+0$Q$-, #.$ &K(*+0G$H4$%$*# +M D5+-) E$G)$MI, K'I#+%I &*H /-&K#)K$I0)#.)* #.$ /-+Q)I)+* +M .$&G#. I$-Q)K$I )I *+0 &* &KK$/#$H /&-# +M .$&G#. I$-Q)K$ H$G)Q$-F1 6.$ K.+)K$+M I$-Q)K$ /-+Q)H$- #. )I &Q&)G&EG$ #+H&F )I &//-$K)$H EF D5+-)

    -"'"(T% &9 +((9 .144W5 8(9P&'$> ,)%= $%9F (P =)" &9="'D&",""> &9 =)" !"& N&*&=&*& T'(a"8= '"D"%:";%S(C= =)" T(,"'PC: '(:" =)%= U)'&>=&%9 8)C'8)"> )%D" )%; &9 (D"'>""&9< =)" $&:">=(9"> (P :&P" ,&=)&9+c('& 8($$C9&=&">X

    o#.$ /-$I$*K$ +M #.$ >-$IEF#$-)&*I 4&Q$ #.$ :.&-&)& %+Q$%$*# & Q$*$$- +M -$I/$K#&E)G)#F )* #.$ $F$I+M I+%$ "'-+/$&*I1 :M #.$ >-$IEF#$-)&*I 0$-$ .&//F #+ E$ &G)4*$H 0)#. (P D%:C" ='%9>P"'"98"? 7 >=C;F (P NC)(" :&D&9< &9 =)"e%&*%=( .^&*('%Z MC"'&9Z LC% [ N" 7,"*(=C*CZ 144J5 P(C9; =)%= ,)"9 T%'=&8&T%9=> ,"'" %>*"; %S(C='"=C'9&9< =( Nw)(" :%9;>Z $(>= ,"'" )(T&9< =( $(D" S%8* P(' "$T:(F$"9= SC= 8(C:; >"" :&==:" 8)%98"(P =)%= )%TT"9&9< T"8=> &9 'C'%: %'"%> (P ^", k"%:%9; SC= $(>= >=&::,%9="; =( '"=C'9 =( ;&"Z "D"9 &P &= $"%9= :"%D&9< =)"&' e%&*%=(_'%&>"; 8)&:;'"9?

    7 >&$&:%' >=C;F P(C' F"%'> :%="' .^&*('%Z LC%Z N" 7,"*(=C*CZMC"'&9 %9; +8U%C=&:: :&D&9< &9 =)"&' ='%;&=&(9%: )($":%9;> P(C9; $(>= T%'=&8&T%9=> '"8("; %9; >='(9CTT('="; o$(D"'>j =( S"=="' =)"$>":D"> %9; P&9; >C88">>PC: PC=C'"> SC= )(T"; =)%= =)"F ,(C:; (9";%F '"=C'9? N)"'" &> % >&(9>? N)" '">"%'8)"'> %9; T%'=&8&T%9=>>C=%&9 ='%;&=&(9%: ="%8)&9< $(;":>P(' 8)&:;'"9Z %9; ;5 % :%8* (P ]C%:&P&"; T"(T:" &9 ='%;"> %9; T'(P">>&(9>?

    A;,%';> "= %:? .14425 >C &9="='C8=C'"> +c('& %9; =)" ,&;"' 8($$C9&=F ,&:: S"9"P&=?

    O4::0+W *. H$;A$;1-

    e'&=="9 $%="'&%: '"D&","; %> T%'= (P =)&> T'(a"8= ,%> >(C'8"; P'($ % ,&;" '%9Z:&S'%'&">Z %'8)&D"> %9; 9"=,('*> &98:C;&9< &,& %9; )%Td ('%=&(9>Z *%C$c=C%Z %8%;"$&8> %9; (=)""BT"'=>? e)&:" D"'F P", '"P"'"98"> ;"%:&9< "BT:&8&=:F ,&=) ='%;&=&(9%: +c('& '&="> (P T%>>%"> P('F(C9< +c('& &9 =)" ='%9>&=&(9 P'($ 8)&:;)((; =( %;C:=)((; P'($ T'"_8(9=%8= =)'(C=C;F ;("> 9(= T'">C$" =)%= '&="> (P T%>>%%: P(' %:: +c('& 8($$C9&=&">Z 9(' =)%==)"F ,"'" &9="'T'"="; &9 =)" >%$" ,%F (' ,"'" (9:F T'%8=&8"; C9=&: AC'(T"%9 ='%;&=&(9> S"8%$" $('",&;">T'"%;?

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    35/90

    35

    79=)'(T(:(= =)" :%>= 144 F"%'> >(C" (P '&="> (P T%>>%? O"P&9&=&(9> %9; >8)"$% P(' ;"="'$&9&9< ,)%=8(9>=&=C="> % '&=" (P T%>>%C=%&8%:Z >(8&%: %9; >"BC%: >=%=C> .L("; % :&>= (P =,"9=F ":"$"9=> (P F(C=)'&="> (P T%>>%"; =( &9P('$ 8C''"9= "PP('=> =( '"_">=%S:&>) )"%:=)F '&="> (P T%>>%(8&"=&">? 79 &$T('=%9= =)"$" 'C99&9< =)'(C (P T%>>%= P(' =)"S"9"P&= (P &9;&D&;C%: T%'=&8&T%=&9< &9 =)" T'(8">> SC= P(' =)" S"9"P&= (P =)" 8($$C9&=F %9; 8C:=C'" =(,)&8) >6)" S":(9 .Q"'D(>Z 144/i `:C$"9*'%9=h [ M(:;>="&9Z 14/4i L(" &> =)%= '&="> (P T%>>%8"9=> %'" =)" T'&$%'F $"8)%9&>$ SF,)&8) % 8($$C9&=F (' 8C:=C'" "9>C'"> =)%= &=> $"$S"'> )%D" %8]C&'"; =)" *9(,:"; 9"8">>%'F =( S" )"%:=)FZ 8(9='&SC=&9< %;C:=> &9 =)"&' >(8&"=F .`:C$"9*'%9=h [ M(:;>="&9Z 14/4iL()'Z 144J5 ? L&="> (P T%>>%>(' +%>(9 OC'&"j> >&B T'&$%'F 8%T%8&=&"> P(' ,)c9%C ('% T'(D&;" =)" 8('" 8($T(9"9=> (P=)" +%&% $(;": "$"' %'(C9; =)" 8(C9='F? H9="'">=&9 ;">& (P T%>>% %>>(8&%="; ,&=) S&'=) %'",":: ;(8C$"9="; %9; T'(D&;" >($" ;"=%&: (9 =)" ":%S('%=" >F$S(:&>$ =)%= T"'D%;"> =)&> =&*%9" ="'$"; SF =)&> '"D&", P(' =)" T'(8">> SF ,)&8) F(C9< T"(T:" %8)&"D" 9",:"D":> (P '">T(9>&S&:&=F =)'(CC'" =( T%'=&8C:%' T'%8=&8"> %9; *9(,:";C'D"F"; ;(8C$"9="; =)" 8($$(9 "BT"8=%=&(9> (9 F(C9< T"(T:" =( %8]C&'" =)">*&::> %9; &9P('$%=&(9 =)"F 9"";"; =)'(C &9P%9=>Z +c('& 8)&:;'"9 8(9='&SC="; =( %;C:= 8(9D"'>%=&(9> %9; ;"8&>&(9_$%*&9(8&"=F "9>C'"; =)%= $('%: %9; "=)&8%: 8(;"> ,"'" CT)":;SF &=> $"$S"'> .E=%8*Z /W0Wi U(C8)Z /0W25?

    +"9=('&9< SF 8($$C9&=F ":;"'> (' >'($*4&*4& &> % 8($$(9 T'%8=&8" &9 +c('& >(8&"=F? \9" (P =)"$(>= 8($$(9 %9; &$T('=%9= >='%="T"8&%: (88%>&(9> 3 =)" 8)&:; PC98=&(9&9< %> % :&9* S"=,""9 %9; =)" 9%=C'%: ,(':;?

    M'%9;T%'"9=> (' (=)"' ":;"':F $"$S"'> (P =)" 8($$C9&=F ,(C:; (P="9 =%*" % P&'>= S('9 8)&:; .!&'(%Z/0@45 (' % 8)&:; (P >T"8&%: 8)%'%8="' .e%:*"'Z 144@5? N)" % =)"F )%D" >T"8&%:%88">> =( $"$('&"> %9; "BT"'&"98"> =)%= F(C9 (P *9(,:";> =)" &$T('=%98" (P ":;"'> &9 =)"

    ='%9>$&>>&(9 (P D%:C"> %9; *9(,:";

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    36/90

    36

    L"8"9= >=C;&"> (9 '">&:&"98F %$(9= F(C9< T"(T:" >)(, =)%= T'(8">>"> =)%= (T"'%=" %= P%$&:F :"D":%'" &$T('=%9= &9 %>>&>=&9< P%$&:&"> =( 8(T" ,&=) %;D"'>&=F .+%8*%FZ 144I5 %9; +("*"_Q&8*"'&9< ./00G5>CT"8&%:&>&9< &9 T%'=&8C:%' %'"%>

    *9(,:"; .N&*%(Z /0045 SC= >($"=&$"> %> &9 =)" 8%>" (P N%TC >8)((:> ,"'" $('"(9> =%C= (P =)" :&="'%=C'" P(8C>"> (9 $%:" '&="> (P T%>>% (P T%>>%

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    37/90

    37

    @? H9="'D&", R&9;&9

    I4 &9="'D&",> ,&=) T%*"*"6*%C$c=C%6*C&% ,"'" 8($T:"="; P(' =)&> T'(a"8=? H9="'D&",""> ,"'"&;"9=&P&"; =)'(C %'"

    :">> ,":: *9(,9? +%9F ,"'" '%&>"; ,&=) N" L"( %> =)"&' P&'>= :%9C'" =( N" L"(?N)" &9="'D&",> P(::(,"; % 8($$(9 >"= (P ]C">=&(9> %9; %= =&$"> &= ,%> %TT'(T'&%=" =( %>*>CTT:"$"9=%'F ]C">=&(9>?e)&:" =)" TC'T(>" (P =)" T'(a"8= %9; &9="'D&",> ,%> =( P(8C> (9 =)" &9="'D&",""> "BT"'&"98"> '":%=&9 "$"' ,&=) $(>= &98:C;&98C>>&(9 (9 =)" P(::(,&9< %>T"8=> (P =)"&' "%':F :&D"> %9; '"P:"8=&(9 (9 :&P" =(;%FX

    Q'"_9%=%: %9; S&'=)&9< ='%;&=&(9> %9; T'%8=&8">^%$&9< '&=">!($" %9; P%$&:F K&P"M'(,&9< CT ,&=) $%="'&%: ;"T'&D%=&(9R((; T'(;C8=&(9 %9; 8)('"> %'(C9; =)" )($"7;(:">8"98"Z 8)%9Z $&:">=(9"> %9; '&="> (P T%>>% (P ,&>;($H$T('=%9= L":%=&(9>)&T>O&>8'&$&9%=&(9U)C'8) %9; $%'%" "BT"'&"98">

    N" L"(N&*%9 =)%= )%D" S""9 ('"; C9;"' =)" /@=)"$"> :&>="; %S(D"?

    7 9C$S"' (P &9="'D&",> ,"'" 8(9;C8="; "9=&'":F & N" L"( +c('& %9; $%9F &9="'D&",""> >,&=8)";S"=,""9 A9) %9; N" L"(? N&$" )%> 9(= T"'$&=="; $(>= (P =)(>" &9="'D&",> =( S" ='%9>8'&S"; P('&98:C>&(9 &9 =)&> '"T('=Z SC= =)" &9="9=&(9 &> =)%= =)&> ,('* ,&:: S" 8($T:"="; %9; $('" (P =)" N" L"(D"'>&(9> (P =)" *l'"'( ,&:: S" &98:C;"; &9 % >CS>"]C"9= '"T('= %9; '">(C'8"> T'(;C8"; %> T%'= (P =)&>T'(a"8=? E($" (P =)" ]C(=%=&(9> =)%= ,"'" &9 N" L"( )%D" S""9 ='%9>:%="; &9=( A9) P(' =)" S"9"P&=(P % ,&;"' %C;&"98"Z SC= (SD&(C>:F ;( 9(= ;( aC>=&8" =( =)" 8($$C9&8%=&(9 (P 8(98"T=> =)%= 8%99(= S""BT:%&9"; %> ,":: &9 % :%9Z "%8) &9="'D&","" )%> % C9&]C" &;"9=&PF&9< 8(;" %9; >($" (P =)";"=%&:> P(' T"(T:" %9; T:%8" 9%$"> )%D" S""9 :"P= (C= =( T'(="8= =)" &;"9=&=F (P >($" ,)c9%C$"$S"'> %9; :(8%=&(9> (P >T"8&%: T:%8">? A%8) &9="'D&", ,%> '"8(';"; (9 ;&)%D" S""9 T'(D&;"; =( =)" &9="'D&","" %9;6(' =)"&' ,)c9%C &9 8%>"> ,)"'" =)" &9="'D&","" )%> >&98"T%>>"; %,%F?

    7= =)" "9; (P =)" >"8=&(9 &> %9 %=="$T= =( >C$$%'&>" >($" (P =)" T'(P(C9; ,&>;($Z *9(,:"; =)%= =)" '">"%'8) ="%$> ,"'" T'&D&:"

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    38/90

    38

    /+#Z;0'08 0;A V$+'5$;1 '+0A$'$*;- 0;A 9+0? +F P%=)"' %TT'(%8)"; )&> C98:"Z % =()C9)" ,%> )%Td? +F ,)%9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    39/90

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    40/90

    40

    m`"&9< S'(CC8) % >='(9< ,)c9%C C9&= ,%> &$T('=%9= %9; %:,%F> "9>C'"; =)%= 8)&:;'"9 )%; %T:%8" =( ,"'" $F $(=)"'? e)"9 ," ,"'" =)" >%$"? HP ," 9"";"; ;&>8&T:&9" =)"F ,"'" %:: T%'= (P =)" ,)c9%C? E(," )%; % S&< ,&;" ,)c9%C? AD"'FS(;F S":(9 *&;>i =)"F ,"'" %:: =%*"9 8%'" (P S" "%8) ,)c9%C &9 =)" %'"%?n .\N05

    m\C' 9%9 %9; *(C'% 8%$" %'(C9; % P", F"%'> S%8* %9; =((* %,%F '%;&(> S"8%C>" T"(T:" )%; >=(TT";$""=&9< =( &9 )&>T(8*"=?n .x/4?00 ^kO "]C&D%:"9=5? H )%; =( %88(C9= P(' &=Z &P "D"' H ,%> &9 T(>>">>&(9 (P %9F $(9"F? +F;%; $%;" $" ($" >*&::> ,&=)? H= 8(>= I4 T(C9;> %9; H"%'9"; /@ T(C9;>Z P'($ =)" T%T"' '(C9;? !" )":T"; $" T(C9; P(' T(C9;? +F $C$ T%=8)"; =)&9%9; ;%'9"; 8:(=)">i >)" ,%> % ='%&9"; 9C'>" =)(C)" ,%> % m8($T:"=" $&>='">> (P =)">";($">=&8 %'=>?n ^(,%;%F> F(C ,(C:;9j= '"T%&' %9F=)&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    41/90

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    42/90

    42

    mH 8($" P'($ % P%$&:F (P /0? H %$ =)" (:;">= " ,)&8) ,%> aC>= (9" S&Z ,%="'8'">> %9; 8(,j> $&:*? e" ;&;9j= *9(, ,)%=T'">"9=> ,"'" SC= H :((* S%8* %9; '"%:&>" ," ,"'" )%TTF? N)"'" ,%> 9( T(,"'Z 9( ,%>)&9< $%8)&9"%9; (9:F (9" S"; &9 =)" "9=&'" )(C>"? \C' S:%9*"=> ,"'" (D"'8(%=>? !(,"D"' ," >C'D&D";? ^(=)&9 "D"' % S(=)"'? e" ,"'" )%TTF %9; ;">T&=" )%D&9< :&==:" T'(S%S:F ;&; 9(= )%D" =)" >='">> (P =(;%Fj>,(':;? +F T%'"9=> ,"'" :(D":F?n .e!15

    mN)"'" ,"'" )%'; =&$"> SC= H 8(C:; 8(T" ,&=) $F /I 8)&:;'"9 %> H )%; :((*"; %P="' $F /W >&S:&9?N)"'" ,%> 9( ,%>)&9< $%8)&9" (' NV %= =)" P:%B $&::? H ,(C:; >"9; =)" *&;> ;(,9 =( =)" '&D"' =( ,%>)=)"$>":D"> %9; =)"&' 8:(=)">? N)"F "%8) )%; '">T(9>&S&:&=&"> %9; "9a(F"; &= S"8%C>" %:: =)" (=)"' *&;>,(C:; =F:" ,%> +c('&? e" )%; T%'&9 ,&=) ,)&=" >%C8"? \C' T%'"9=> ,"'" T(('Z SC= =)"F,"'" 9( T(('"' =)%9 %9FS(;F ":>"? H= ,%> % :&P">=F:"? e" ;&;9j= *9(, %S(C= '&8) =)&9Z '&8) P((;? ^(,SF 8)(&8" Hj:: >=&:: "9a(F S%8(9 S(9"> %9; ,%="'8'">>>Z &=j> = (P (C' TC;;&9 ,"'" %::$&:* TC;;&9 P'($ =)" 8(,>? e" )%; oaC9*"=j ,)&8) &> $&:* 8C'; ,&=) % S&= (P >C

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    43/90

    43

    $"$('&">Z "D"'F(9" >CTT('="; "%8) (=)"'? HP ," ,"9= P&>)&9< =)"9 ," >)%'"; =)" P&>) (C= =( =)"8($$C9&=F?n .\NJ5

    me" &;" aC>= 9",>T%T"'? e" ,(C:; ;'%= >)%'"; >=CPP? ^( (9" :(8*"; =)&9 CT? e)"9 H:((* S%8* &=j> ]C&=" >='%9 =8)C'8)?n .\N15

    me)"9 $F ;%; &8* ," )%; =(

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    44/90

    44

    ?A*8#-" ;%F> ," '(S T"(T:" (P =)" a(C'9"F 3 ," (P T%>>% ,)"9 =)"F %8)&"D" % AC'(T"%9 =)&9< :&*" %8)&"D&9< E8)((: U"'=&P&8%="?

    \9" '&=" (P T%>>%

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    45/90

    45

    %''">="; P(' S"&9< D%? H )%; >($" %:8()(: =( *""T $" ,%'$ %9; T(9>&S&:&=F P(' (C'>":D">?n .\N05

    mH )%; N` ,)"9 H ,%> F(C9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    46/90

    46

    mO'">>"> ,"'" %:,%F> ,('9? N)" S">= ;'">>"> ,(C:; S" ,)&=" ,&=) % )%= (' S(,>? N""9%? 7P="' $F $%''&%>"> =)%= ,"'" D"'F >)('=?N"; ,%> "$S%''%>>"; =( S" >""9 ,&=) $" %= T%'=&">? H )%; % T%&' (P S'(,9 >C";" S((=> %9; % ;&D&;";>*&'= =)" 8(:(C' (P T%'*:&">? e)"9 $F F(C9"'>? e&=8)"> S'&=8)"> ,"'" >)('= :"? N)" P&'>= 8)%9 S(B T:"%=";? AD"'F(9" =)(C? H $%;" $&9" %9; $F ;%C? H S(C =)"$ %= %::?n .e!J5mN)" ,)(:" P%'$ ,%> (9 (9" S:(8* %9; =)"'" ,"'" 9( '(%;>? +F C98:"Z $F $(=)"'j> )%:P_S'(=)"'Z " $F $(=)"' ,%> '%&>"; %= N" -%)% P(' =)'"" F"%'> ,)"9 )"' %C9=F =((*)"' %= =)" %" H ,%> >&8* %> % 8)&:;?n.e!@5

    mN)" ;"%=) (P $F % 8:"%' '&=" (P T%>>%"'D"; =)" =)&9 =)%= ,"'" )%TT"9&9< (9 =)" $%'%"Z =)",)%&*l'"'(Z =)" =%9( (9?n .e!G5mN)"'" %'" =)&9 =)%= =)" (:; T"(T:" %=="$T="; =( $%*" )%TT"9Z %9 %=="$T="; =($(? H %$ (P =)"&'" P(' =($( %> =)" (:; T"(T:" ;&>%TT'(D"; (P F(C :&D&9< %:(9"Z ,&=)(C= % )C>S%9; (' ,&P"? N)"FP":= =)%= H >)(C:; )%D" % T%'=9"'? e)&:" =)"F ,%9="; $" =( )%D" % ,&P" H ;&;9j= ,%9= =)%=? H aC>=,%9="; =( 8%''F (9 ;(&9< ,)%= H ,%> ;(&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    47/90

    47

    mH '"$"$S"' $F P&'>= S""'? +F C98:"> ,"'" )%D&9< % T%'=F %9; =)"F :"= $" )%D" % S""'? 7P="' =)'"" ('P(C' S""'> H ,%> 'C99&9< %'(C9; :&*" % 9C=? U)'&>=$%> ,%> >C8) % 9"%= =&$"? H9 (C' P%$&:F =)"'" ,%>%:,%F> % :(= (P ;'&9* ,)"9"D"' ," 8%$" =(CTT('= F(C'>":PZ ,)"9 F(C %'"T%F&9< F(C' (,9 ,%F =)%= &> =)" P&'>= &9;&8%=&(9 =)%= F(C %'" % $%9 3 ,)"9 F(C 8%9 >=%9; (9 F(C' (,9=,( P""=?n .eQ15

    mAD"'F=)&9< )%> $(D"; S%8* % S&= 9(,? H =)&9* =)%=j> )%TT"9"; S"8%C>" F(C 9""; =( S" >C'" F(C 8%9S" ='%&9"; %9; $%&9=%&9 8"'=%&9 =)&9? e" ,"'" %S(C= /0 ,)"9 ," )%; % =%&%)% e%9%9 D"'F &$T('=%9=S"8%C>" ," ,"'" =%*&9< =)" =%(9 ,"'" %:: =)"'"Z =)"F ;&;9j= 8($" =( =)" '&D"' SC= =)" 9&%&; =)&> *&9; (P =)&9< C>"; =( )%TT"9 "%':&"' &9 :&P"Z SC= ," ,"'" /0? Y(C ,"'"8(9>"8'%="; P(' % 8"'=%&9 TC'T(>" =( " F(C ,"'" >"= %>&;"?n .eQ@5

    mV"'F F(C9<

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    48/90

    48

    mQ"(T:"Z (98" =)"F S":&"D" =)"F 8%9 ;( >($"=)&9< P"": S"=="' %S(C= =)"$>":D">? \98" =)"F P"": S"=="'%S(C= =)"$>":D">Z =)"F P"": 8(9P&;"9= %S(C= =%*&9< (9 9", 8)%::"9" =%:"9=>? E($"=&$"> =%:"9=> %'" ;"D":(T"; "9(C %:: (P ,)%= ," ,%9= P(' C>? e" C>"; =)" 9%=C'%: "9D&'(9$"9= % :(=$('" ,)"9 H ,%>

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    49/90

    49

    =)&9*&9< (P )&$? L"8&=&9< =( $" % T("$ )" ,'(=" =( $F $(=)"' %P="' =)" ,%'_ ;">8'&S&9< )&$>":P8($&9< )($" C>&9< o*%'%'(j .O($&9&8%9 % $"=%T)('? !"j; '"8&=" =)%= T("$ "D"'F=&$" )"j; >""% >"%) .,)"9 &= '%&9";5 %9; )"j; S" >&9?n .\NW5

    mH ,%> %S(C= P(C' F"%'> (:; $F -('( =((* $" =( % 'C'%: '(%; =( ="%8) $" >($" :">>(9> %S(C= Qc*")cT"(T:"? e%=8) =)" 8%'> %> =)"F = 3 o,)( ,%> &9 =)%= 8%'j H ;&;9j= >"" (9" (P (C' T"(T:" &9 =)(>"8%'>Z !" %&; o;( F(C *9(, ,)"'" &= >=%'=>v o9(j mO( F(C *9(, ,)"'" &>,"'D"; %9; >=(TT";? N)" ;'&D"' %'$? !"F"::"; %= )&> ,&P" =( >)C= =)" *&;> CT? N)"F ,"'" 8'F&9< %9; %:: (D"' =)" T:%8" S"8%C>" =)"F ;&;9j= )%D">"%=S":=> %9; 8%' )%; >,"'D"; >C;;"9:F? `C= =)" $%9 ,%> 9(= ,(''&"; %S(C= )&> P%$&:FZ )" ,%>,(''&"; %S(C= )&> 8%'? E&98" =)%= =&$" Hj$ F"= =( P&9; % ,">="'9 $%9 ,)( >%F> )" 8%'"> %S(C= )&> P%$&:F%9; $"%9> &=? E( &= ,%> % :(9< =&$" S"P('" H ,"9= (C= %9; >%, %9(=)"' '(%; (' Qc*")c T"'>(9? H %>*";

    $F *('( :%="' &P &= ,%> \- =( P&9; =)" "9; (P =)%= '(%; 3 )" >%&; 9(Z 9(= F"=? N)"'"j> % ,)(:" :(= (P:">>(9> &9 =)%=? N)"F ,%9="; C> =( %9; ;(&9< >=CPPS"P('" D&>&=&9< (C' P%$&:F )($"? H )%; $"9 ,)( ,"'" ,%=8)&9Z P&B "9""&9< =)&>5 &= =)"$ 8(9P&;"98"?n .\NW5

    me)"9 H ,%9="; % ,('*>)(T (P $F (,9Z H ,%> %S:" =( )%D" &=? V%'&(C> C98:"> ,(C:;

    %9; Hj; "=8? H= ,%> %:: T'"==F 8('9F %9; T'"==F >$%::SC= H ,%> &9 8($$%9; (P $F (,9 >T%8"? H= ,%> %9 &$T('=%9= P%8=('? H )%; ^Z H :"%'9= P'($ =)"$? e" )%; % T&"8" (P *":T 9%&:"; (9 =)" =(&:"= ;(('_ C98:"> ,"'" %S:" =( '"%;=)" ,"%=)"' ,&=) &=? N)"Fj; $%*" =)&9 %9; P&B =)&9_ >( H ,%> 9"D"' >)('= P $%:" '(:"_$(;":>?n.\NW5

    mN)" P&'>= =&$" $F ;%; =(:; $" )" ,%> T'(C; (P $" ,%> ,)"9 )" ,%> ;F&9< %9; H ,%> @J F"%'> (:;Z H)%; aC>= P&9&>)"; P&>)"'&"> 9" %9; )" =(:; $" mHj$ T'(C; (P F(C S(Fn? H %:,%F> *9", )" ,%>T'(C; (P $"Z SC= =)%= ,%> =)" P&'>= =&$" )" )%; "D"' =(:; $" >(? H % *&9; (P (';"' =)%= F(C $%&9=%&9? \C' (:; T"(T:" ,(C:; 9"D"' = =)&9 H '"$"$S"' >%F&9< =( +%'* E(:($(9 ,)"9 )" S"8%$"

    U)%&'$%9 (P =)" 'C9%9 mY(Cj'" '"T'">"9=&9< F(C' T"(T:"Z T%F&9< '">T"8= =( =)" T"(T:" F(C %'" *Z ,&=)(C= SC'9&9< =)"&' ,)"":> (9 !%'T"' 7D" %= 9&Z &=j> )C""$> =( S" $&>>&9&=C%=&(9>? \=)"' %;C:=> =)%= %'" %S:" =( =%*" % F(C9="' %9; >)(, )&$ )(,=( C>" % 8)&>":Z )(, =( C>" % )%9; '&T_>%,Z )(, =( ;( =)&9 &9 ( F(C ;( 9""; T"(T:" =( S" %S:" =( =%*" =)" ='(CS:" =( >)(, *&;>_ ,)( )%D" =)"*9(,:";":D"> =( S" %S:" =( ($" >T%8"> ,)"'" T"(T:",)( 8%'" 8%9 =%:* =( F(C9< T"(T:" %9; >%F m,)%= ;( F(C ,%99% $%*" =(;%Fv K"=j> 8'"%=" >($"=)&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    50/90

    50

    mH =)&9* =)"'"P('" H %$n? !" =%CCT"'S ="%8)"'Z % '"$%'*%S:" )C$%9 S"&9

  • 8/12/2019 Hei Tikitiki: Traditional Mori Rites of Passage and Positive Youth Development(Link)

    51/90

    51

    m+F $C$ &9 )"' ";C8%=&(9 >($")(, %8]C&'"; %9 %S>(:C=":F "98F8:(T%";&% (P T'(D"'S&%: >%F&9? E)")%; % >%F&9< P(' "D"'F T(>>&S:" >&=C%=&(9? N)">" >%F&9 8%''F "> (P ($" T"(T:" %'" aC>= (:;n? N)%= ,)(:" 8(::"8=&(9 (P =)">" >('=> (P >=%="$"9=> %9; &9 =)"$ &> =)" 8(::"8=&D" ,&>;($ (P 8(9=%&9 =)" ,&>;($?n .\NW5

    mN)"9 =)"'" &> ,&>;($ %S(C= )C$%9 S")%D&(C' %9; )(, =( $%9% (S>"'D"; ,)"9 &9 ;%9 (P 8(9='(::&9F(C' '">T(9>"? Y(C :"%'9 ="8)9&]C">Z ='&8*> (P =)" ='%;"? H9>="%; (P >%F&9< m=)%=j> % 8'(8* (P >)&=?n `C==)" T"(T:" ,)( 8%9 >&= S%8* %9; >%F mN)%=j> >="'8('%8"(C> 9(9>"9>"?n H= TC=> =)" (=)"' >&;" (PZ =)"F;(9j= *9(, ,)%= &= $"%9> %9; F(Cj'" $%&9=%&9&9< F(C' :%9 %9; 8%9 '%=&(9%:&>" &= ,":: "9(C&=&(9 (P S"&9< ,&>"Z,)&8) &> C>C%::F 9(= :(9< S"P('" F(C ;&"? H )(T" =)%= H ,&:: >=&:: )%D" =)" 8%T%8&=F =( $%*" $&>=%*"> P('>($" =&$" F"=?n .\NW5

    mH %TT'"8&%=" *9(,&9< $F ,)%*%T%T% %9; 9"D"' '"%:&>"; )(, &$T('=%9= &= &>? N)"F >%F &P F(C *9(,F(C' ,)%*%T%T%Z =)"9 F(C *9(, ,)( F(C %'" %9; F(C *9(, ,)"'" F(C %'" &9 :&P"? e%&