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Heat Exchangers
Heat Exchangers
• Heat exchangers are one of the most common pieces of equipment found in all plants.
• Heat Exchangers are components that allow the transfer of heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to another fluid.
• In a heat exchanger there is no direct contact between the two fluids. The heat is transferred from the hot fluid to the metal isolating the two fluids and then to the cooler fluid.
Types of Heat Exchangers
Double-Pipe Exchanger
Double Pipe
Simplest type has one tube inside another - inner tube may have longitudinal fins on the outside
However, most have a number of tubes in the outer tube - can have very many tubes thus becoming a shell-and-tube
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers are the most important type of HE.
It is used in almost every type of industry. This type of heat exchanger consists of a set of
tubes in a container called a shell. The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the
tube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the tubes is the shell side fluid.
Main Components of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
Some common heat-exchanger terms
Tube side: Inside the tubes. Shell side: Outside the tubes, between the
tubes and the shell. Tube sheet A thick plate provided with holes
(one per tube) in which the tubes are fixed. Tube bundle Consists of tubes, tube sheet and
baffle plates Shell A cylinder of plate in which the tube bundle
is placed
TEMA Heat Exchangers
Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Construction
Fixed Tube-sheet type U-tube type Floating Head type
Front head type A-type B-type
B
Channel and removable cover Bonnet (integral cover)
A
Shell type
E-type F shell
E F
One-pass shell Two-pass shell
Longitudinal baffle
More shell types G and H shells normally only used for horizontal thermosyphon
reboilers J and X shells if allowable pressure drop can not be achieved in
an E shell
J
HG
X
Split flow Double split flow
Divided flow Cross flow
Longitudinalbaffles
Low-finned Tubes
Flat end to go into tube sheet and intermediate flat portions for baffle locations
Available in variety of metals including stainless steel, titanium and inconels
Plate and frame
Plates hung vertically and clamped in a press or frame.
Gaskets direct the streams between alternate plates and prevent external leakage
Plates made of stainless steel or higher quality material
Plates corrugated to give points of support and increase heat transfer
Plate Heat Exchanger
Chevron Washboard
Plate types
Corrugations on plateimprove heat transfergive rigidity
Many points ofcontact and atortuous flow path
General view of plate exchanger
“Plate exchanger” normally refers to a gasketed plate- and-frame exchanger
Flow Arrangement within a PHE
Alternate plates (often same plate types inverted)
Gasketsarranged foreach stream toflow betweenalternate plates
Air-Cooled or Fin-Fan Exchanger
Air-cooled exchanger
Air blown across finned tubes (forced draught type)
Can suck air across (induced draught)
Finned tubes
ACHE bundle
Spiral Heat Exchanger
Spiral Heat Exchangers Spiral heat exchangers can be used in most applications in the
chemical process industry In many difficult applications where fouling and plugging are
problems, a standard shell and tube design may not be effective
While a spiral heat exchanger often has a higher initial cost, it may provide a lower life cycle cost due to lower fouling rates and ease of maintenance
A spiral heat exchanger is composed of two long, flat plates wrapped around a mandrel or center tube, creating two concentric spiral channels
In a spiral heat exchanger, the hot fluid flows into the center of the unit and spirals outward toward the outer plates while at the same time, the cold fluid enters the periphery and spiral inward, exiting at the center