heat transfer experiment

7/26/2019 heat transfer experiment

1/46

LAPORAN RESMI

MATERI : PERPINDAHAN PANAS

KELOMPOK : 8 / KAMIS

ANGGOTA : 1. ANISSA GHAISANI S. (21030111130046)

2. INTAN PRIHUTAMI A. (21030111130080)

3. JODDY HRISTYA!AN (21030111130063)

LA"ORATORIUM UNIT OPERASI TEKNIK KIMIA

UNI#ERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

2013

1


2/46

LEM"AR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN RESMI

LA"ORATORIUM UNIT OPERASI TEKNIK KIMIA

UNI#ERSITAS DIPONEGORO

M$%&' : P&'*+$,$* P$*$-

K& : 8 / K$-

A*%$ : 1. A*--$ G,$-$* S.

2. I*%$* P',%$ A.

3. J++ ,'-%$5$*

S&$'$* D&-&7&' 2013

M&*&-$,$*

D-&* P&77*

D'. H$+$*% ST. MS.

NIP. 19;1028 199903 1 004

2


3/46

INTISARI

Perpindahan panas adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang perpindahan panas antara

sumber panas dan penerima panas. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah mampu merangkai

aliran searah maupun lawan arah, mengukur dan mengkalibrasi alat, menghitung harga Ui,

Uo, Uc, Ud dan Rd dari alat serta memberikan rekomendasi terhadap Heat Exchangerberdasarkan nilai Rd yang di dapat.

Prinsip percobaan ini adalah mencari oerall heat trans!er coe!!icient "U# pada alat

HE dengan ariabel skala !lowrate. $esarnya panas yang ditrans!er dapat dihitung dengan

mengetahui suhu !luida masuk yang dirancang secara single pass dan dioperasikan secara

co%current dan counter current.

Percobaan dimulai dengan merangkai alat dengan aliran co%current dan counter

current. Heater dinyalakan lalu dioperasikan kemudian mengatur skala pada rotameter hot

!luid. &etiap skala rotameter dicatat !lowratenya, pengamatan tiap ariabel skala rotameter

dilakukan dalam selang waktu ' menit selama '( menit dimulai dari menit ke%(. )ata%data

yang diperlukan antara lain Thi, Tho, Tci, Tco dan !lowrate hot !luid. *ika ingin mengubah

arah aliran !luida, pompa dan heater dimatikan terlebih dahulu. &etelah operasi selesai,pompa dimatikan dan rangkaian dikembalikan seperti semula.

$erdasarkan hasil percobaan, untuk aliran co%current dengan !lowrate +,'x'(%-ms /

+,x'(%-ms / +,01x'(%- ms / +,1x'(%-m s dan x'(%-ms, nilai 2T34T) 5 67,1'71/

8,-+(1+/ 8,(-+-/ -,-7+/ +,9-9+9:o;, 5 ','+, p 5 (,88', dan ? 5 (,'-'. @ilai Rd yang didapat

dari percobaan belum melebihi nilai Rd toleransi yang berarti bahwa belum waktunya untuk

membersihkan alat.

&aran dalam percobaan ini adalah berhati%hati dalam mengatur !lowrate hot !luid,

pemasangan selang untuk aliran co%current dan counter current harus dilakukan dengan

benar, serta mencegah kebocoran dengan melakukan kalibrasi terlebih dahulu sebelum aliran

hot !luid dan cold !luid mulai dialirkan.

3


4/46

SUMMARY

Heat Trans!er is the study about the heat source and heat receier. The purposes o!

this experiment are capable to stringing the co%current and counter%current !low, measure and

calibrate the instrument, can calculate the alue o! Ui, Uo, Uc, Ud, and Rd, and can make

recommendations !or the Heat Exchanger depend on the alue o! Rd.The principle o! this experiment is to !ind the alue o! oerall heat trans!er coe!!icient

"U# on the HE with the !lowrate scale as the ariable. The trans!erred heat can be calculated

by knowing the temperature o! the !luid entering a single pass designed and operated in co%

current and counter%current !low.

The experiment starts with stringing tools with co%current and counter%current !low.

Heater is turned on and then set the scale on the hot !luid rotameter. ;alculate the !lowrate

!rom each o! rotameter scale, and then obsere eery ariable during '( minutes with the '

minute interal starts !rom ( minutes. Another datum like Thi, Tho, Tci, Tco, and hot !luid

!lowrates are re?uired. B! you want to change the direction o! !low !luid, the pumps and heater

must be turned o!! !irst. A!ter the operations complete, turn o!! the pumps and restore the

circuit.$ased on the experiment results, !or the co%current !low with the !lowrate about

+,'x'(%-ms / +,x'(%-ms / +,01x'(%- ms / +,1x'(%-m s and x'(%-ms, the alue o!

2T34T) 5 67,1'71/ 8,-+(1+/ 8,(-+-/ -,-7+/ +,9-9+9:o;, 5 ','+, p 5 (,88', dan ? 5 (,'-'. Rd alues

obtained !rom the experiment has not exceeded the alue o! Rd tolerance which means that is

no need to clean the appliances now.

&uggestions in this experiment is to be care!ul in hot !luid !lowrate regulating, hose

!itting !or co%current and counter current !low to be done properly, and to preent leakage

by per!orming calibration prior to the !low o! hot !luid and cold !luid began to !low.

4


5/46

KATA PENGANTAR

P$$% 7$ -&$ ,$ +$* +$$% 7&'*$ -&7$$ 7$,$* &*$7$,

&*&%$,$*.

S&$'$* D&-&7&' 2013

P&*-

5


6/46

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL...................................................................................................................

LEM"AR PENGESAHAN........................................................................................................

INTISARI..................................................................................................................................

SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................?

KATA PENGANTAR..................................................................................................................?

DA@TAR ISI..............................................................................................................................?

DA@TAR GAM"AR...............................................................................................................?

DA@TAR TA"EL......................................................................................................................

"A" I PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................................................1

I.1 L$%$' "&$$*.............................................................................................................1

I.2 R-$* M$-$$,........................................................................................................1

I.3 T


7/46

I#.2 H$- P&'7$$*..........................................................................................................1;

1. P&*$', >5'$%& %&',$+$ *$ U +$* U..............................................................1;

2. P&*$', >5'$%& %&',$+$ *$ U +$* U+.............................................................1;

3. K&>-&* +$* $+$ &'-%5$ &'*+$,$* $*$-...........................................16

4. N$ R+ +$* '&&*+$- &'$5$%$* H&$% E,$*&'..............................................19"A" # KESIMPULAN............................................................................................................20

#.1 K&-$*.................................................................................................................20

#.2 S$'$*...........................................................................................................................20

DA@TAR PUSTAKA................................................................................................................21

LAMPIRAN

7


8/46

DAFTAR GAMBAR

G$7$' 3.3.1 G$7$' '$*$$* $$% %$$ '$% &'*+$,$* $*$-............................11

G$7$' 4.2.1. G'$> ,7*$* @5'$%& U +$* U..............................................................1;G$7$' 4.2.2. G'$> ,7*$* @5'$%& ?- U +$* U+.........................................................1;

G$7$' 4.2.3 G'$> ,7*$* @5'$%& ?- R+.......................................................................19

8


9/46

DAFTAR TABEL

T$7& 4.1.1 N$ CT LMTD $+$ $'$* =''&*%.................................................................14

T$7& 4.1.2 N$ CT LMTD $+$ $'$* *%&'=''&*%........................................................14T$7& 4.1.3 N$ U U U +$* U+ $+$ $'$* =''&*% +$* *%&' ''&*%..............14

T$7& 4.2.1 N$ F &''' $*%$'$ N P&'7$$* +&*$* N M+&.......................................18

9


10/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

I.1 Latar Belakang

Heat Trans!er $+$$, $* &&$$%' &%'$* $* &**+$-$* $$ $%$ %+$ -$% $$%

&*$' $*$- ( H&$% E,$*&') +*$$* +$* $$* $$% %&'-&7% &' +7&'-,$*(&$**).

D&*$* +&%$,*$ $-, $$ $%$ %+$ -$% $$% &'*+$,$* $*$- $*

+$$% +&%$, +$' &',%*$* -, >+$ $*$- $- (T,) -, >+$ $*$-

&$' (T,) -, >+$ +** $- (%,) +$* -, >+$ +** &$' (%,)

7&'+$-$'$* &*$$%$* $$ +&*$* &',%*$* *&'$$ $*$- +$$% &*+&-$* $$%

&*$' $*$-(H&$% E,$*&').

I.2 Rumuan Maala!

P$+$ '$% * $$* +&$


11/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

6. M$ &*$' &>-&* +$* ,7*$* &'-$$$* &'*+$,$* $*$-

$* +*$$* +&*$* 7$*$* N--&% R&*+ +$* P'$*+% 7&'+$-$'$*

'-:hD

k =[Dv]

p

[cpk]q

. M$ &7&'$* '&&*+$- %&',$+$ heat exchanger $* +*$$*

7&'+$-$'$* *$ R+ $* ++$$%.

I.' Man(aat Per$%&aan

M$*>$$% &'7$$* * $+$$, *% &7$*% &$,$ +$-$' &'$*$*$*

$$%=$$% $* 7&',7*$* +&*$* $*$- -$*$ cooler condenser reboiler +$*

eaporator.

LABORATORIUM UNIT OPERASI TEKNIK KIMIA 2013 2


12/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

BAB II

TIN)AUAN PUSTAKA

II.1 Te%r* Per+*n,a!an Pana

P&'*+$,$* $*$- $+$$, -$% $* &&$'&'$%'.

P'*- &'7$$* %&'-&7% $+$$, $$* &*$' 7&-$'*$ oerall heat trans!er

coe!!icient (U) $+$ $$% %&'-&7% +&*$* 7&'7$$ ?$'$- &&$%$* >+$ $*$-

$*>+$ +** $* +$'$* $+$ heat enchanger %&'-&7%.

"&-$'*$ $*$- $* +%'$*->&' +$$% +,%* +&*$* &*&%$, &'7$$,$*

-, +$' >+$ $- +$* &$' $+$ &&$%$* %&'%&*%. S&+$*$* $+$ -, '$%$=

'$%$ $'%$ +$$% +,%* +$' &'7$,$* -, $- +$* &$' 7$ +$' >+$

$*$- $* +**.

D&*$* &'-$$$*: U.A.CTLMTD +$$% +,%* ,$'$ U +$*$ 7&-$'*$

A +,%* +$' '$* $$% &*$' $*$- %&'-&7%. D$' 7&'7$$ ?$'$- &'7$,$*&&$%$* $'$* +$$%$, +7$%/+7$$ $+$*$ &'7$,$* ,$'$ U %&',$+$ &'7$,$*

&&$%$* $'$*.

U*% &*&%$,


13/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

;. Air cool heat exchangerY$* +$$ $+$$,shell and tube heat exchanger $'&*$ :

1. M& $- &'$$* &'*+$,$* $*$- &' -$%$* ?& $* 7&-$'2. U'$* '&$%> & %&',$+$ hot dry $* 7&-$'. U*% $'&$ $* & +&*$* double pipe-. A'$* >+$ +$$% +$%' +&*$* co%current $* counter current

;. T&'-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- -&$'$ &*&', (U).

II.2 )en*-#en* Per+*n,a!an Pana

M&*'% $'$ &*,$*%$' +$$*$ &'*+$,$* $*$- +7&+$$* &*%2)K *+%?%$- ("%/>%.,'.@)CT 7&+$ -, $*%$'$ &'$$* $*$- +$* +** (@)C %&7$ 7$,$* $* +$ $*$- (>%)

"&'+$-$'$* , @'&' 7&-$'*$ %&'$*%* $+$ : "&-$' &*$ *+%?%$- () "&'7$*+* '- +&*$* 7&+$ -, (CT)

2. K*?&-

M&'$$* &'*+$,$* $*$- +-&7$7$* $+$*$ &'$$* $%/& -$%$-/$'$* $* 7&'-**$* +&*$* &'$$*.

P&'-$$$**$ : Qc=h. A .(TsTv)

D&*$* $-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- *?&- ("%/>%.,'.@)A $- &'*+$,$* $*$- (>%2)T- -, &'$$* 7$%$* (@)T? -,solubility (@)

3. R$+$-



14/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

M&'$$* &7$* &'*+$,$* $*$- $'&*$ $+$*$ &'7&+$$* -, +$*

7&'$*-* -&$'$ &7$* &&%'$*&% %$*$ &'$*%$'$.

P&'-$$$**$ : Qr=C . F . A (T14T2

4 )=0,171 [( T1100 )4

( T2100 )4

]D&*$* ' &*&' &'*+$,$* $*$- '&$- ("%/,') *-%$*%$ S%&>$* "%B$*

@ >$%' $*$- (&->%$- 7$,$*)A $- 7+$* (>%2)T1 -, %$T2 -, %$

II." Aa Bla$k

AB$- "$ $+$$, -$% '*- +$$ %,&'+*$$ $* +&$$*

&, J-&, "$. AB$- * &*-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- &*&', (U). K&>-&* * &'$$* '$* +$'

$$% &*$' $*$- +$$ ,$ &*+$,$* $*$-. U*% ,$'$ U $* 7&-$' $$

&&$%$* &'*+$,$* $*$- $$* 7&-$' *$* -&7$*$


15/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

U= 1

( 1hi )(xk)( 1ho ), &>-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- *?&- $+$ -- '

, &>-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- *?&- $+$ -- $*$* %&7$ +*+*

*+%?%$- $*$- 7$,$* +*+*

H$'$ U %&'$*%* $+$ :

1. T&7$ +*+* -&$* %&7$ +*+* ,$'$ U -&$* & +$* $*$- $*

+%'$*->&' +$ &'


16/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

+&'$-$* &*$', &*%'$* $-% $$* %&'-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- &*&', (design)

, &>-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- $+$ &'$$* $' tube

, &>-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- >+$ +$' tube

II.3 Pem*l*!an Flu*,a +a,aShell ,an Tube

@+$ 7&'%&$*$* %* +$'$* + +$$ tube $'&*$ tube -%$*+$' $%&*$,$* %&$*$* $* %*.

@+$ 7&'%&*-!ouling +$'$* + +$$ %7& $$' &7&'-,$* &7, +$,+$$*.

@+$ '-> +$'$* + +$$ tube $'&*$ &*$'$* + +$$ shell

&7%,$* 7$,$* *-%'- $* $,$ $* &7, 7$*$. @+$ 7&'%&&'$%' %* +$* +**$* *% &$*>$$%$* $*$-*$

+$'$* + +$$ tube $'&*$ +&*$* * &,$*$* $*$- +$$% +,*+$'$*. @+$ +&*$* ?--%$- $* &7, '&*+$, +$'$* + +$$ tube $'&*$

&*$'$* >+$ +&*$* ?--%$- %* + +$$ &*$$* $' $* &

&7%,$* &*&' $* &7, 7&-$'.



17/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

@+$ +&*$* ?--%$- %* +%&$%$* + shell $'&*$ +$$% +*$$*

ba!!le *% &*$7$, $+$ (elocity) $-, %* -&,*$

&*,$7$%!ouling +$* &&'&$% &'*+$,$* $*$-. @+$ $* &*$ ?& 7&-$' +&5$%$* &$ tube $'&*$ $+$*$

'$*$*.

II.4 Pen#a&aran Rumu 5TLMTD

U*% &*+&-$* $$% &*$' $*$- +$* &&''$$* &$$* $$%

&*$' $*$- $$ ,$'- +%$$* ,7*$* $*%$'$ %%$ $*$- $* +*+$,$*

+&*$* 7&-$'$* $* $* -$*$ -, $- +$* -, &$' +$' &+$ >+$

,$'$ &>-&* &'*+$,$* $*$- &*&', U +$* $- &'*+$,$* $*$- +$' $$%

&*$' $*$- %&'-&7%.

P$*$- $* +&$- &, >+$ $*$- +$$% +%-$* +$$ 7&*% &'-$$$*:

Q=mh .Cph(ThiTho)

P$*$- %&'-&7% -&$'$ &-&',$* +%&'$ &, >+$ +** $* +$$%

+*$%$$* +$$ 7&*% &'-$$$* :

Q=mc .Cpc (TcoTci)

P$*$- $* +&$- &, >+$ $*$- +$* +%&'$ &, >+$ +** +$$%

%&'+$ $*$- +$* >+$ +** $+$ -$% %% $%$ $ %&'%&*% +$*$ +$'


18/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

dq=Ch . dTh dTh=dqCh

dq=Cc . dTc dTc=dq

Cc

+


19/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

S&,*$ Tm=TLMTD=

T2 T1

ln (T2

T1)=

T1 T2

ln (T1

T2)

P&'*+$,$* $*$- +$' >+$ $*$- & >+$ +** %&'$*%* $+$ 7&+$

-, '$%$='$%$ $'%$ (LMTD) $- &'$$* &'*+$,$* $*$- (A) +$* oerallheat trans!er coe!!icient (U).

q=U . A .T LMTD

P&'-$$$* * ,$*$ 7&'$ *% &$+$$* :

1. $'$* +$$ &$+$$*steady state +$* &&$%$* $'$* *-%$*2. U +$* A *-%$*3. *-%$* 5$$ -, 7&'7$,4. P$*$- $* ,$* + -&&* + $7$$*

0. "&'$ *% co%current +$* counter current6. T+$ 7&'$ *% $'$* -$*. D$$ --%& %+$ $+$ &'7&+$$* >$-&.

II.6 Kele&*!an ,an Kekurangan Al*ran Co-Current ,an Counter-Current

1. ;o%;urrent K&&7,$*

7$-$ +$$ +$$ 1 >$-$ + %>$-& heat exchanger +$$% &7$%$- -, $-$ >+$ +**

+$$% &*7$, -$$, -$% >+$ +&*$* &$% K&'$*$*

$*$- $* +,$-$* &7, & +7$*+* counter current +$ $*2. ;ounter%;urrent

K&&7,$* $*$- $* +,$-$* 7&-$' +7$*+*$* co%current

-, &$' +$' -$$, -$% >+$ +$$% &*+&$% -, $- >+$ $* 7$,$* *-%'- &7, $5&% $'&*$ thermal stress=*$ &

K&'$*$* T+$ +$$% +$$ *% &*7$, -, >+$ +&*$* &$% K'$* &>-&* +$ +** *%

7$%$- %&'%&*%



20/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

BAB III

MET7DE PER87BAAN

III.1 Ba!an ,an Alat

A. A$% $* D*$$*1. &hell and tube heat exchanger2. T,&'&%&'3. T,&'-%$%4. S&$*

". "$,$* $* D*$$*1. A'

III.2 9ar*a&el

A. #$'$7& %&%$1. S$$ cold !luid2. S, $5$ hot !luid : ;0

". #$'$7& 7&'7$,1. S$$ hot !luid : 6 8 9 102. J&*- A'$* : co%current +$* counter%current

III." Gam&ar Alat Utama

G$7$' 3.3.1 G$7$' '$*$$* $$% %$$ '$% &'*+$,$* $*$-

III.' Re+%n

P&'7&+$$* -, >+$ $*$- $- +$* &$'

P&'7&+$$* -, >+$ +** $- +$* &$'



21/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

III. Data :ang D*&utu!kan

1. J&*- $'$* : co%current +$* counter%current2. Clowrate hot !luid : 128 /&*% 14 /&*% 1;; /&*% 1 /&*% 18

/&*%3. S, $5$ hot !luid : ;04. P&'7$,$* -, $+$ !lowrate %&'%&*% 7$ hot $%$ cold !luid %$ 1 &*%

-&$$ 10 &*% (T, T, T T);. H%* 7&-$'*$ CTLMTD U U U+ U +$* R+ 7&'+$-$'$* +$%$ +$%$- $

7$%$, '$> ,7*$* +&*$* -, $5$ +$*!lowrate hot !luid.

III.3 Pr%e,ur Per$%&aan

1. N$$$* heater +$* *% '&>'&'$- $+$ hot +$* cold tank. A%' knop %,&'-%$%

-&-$ -, $* ** +$$ $+$ hot tank.2. P$-$* %,&'&%&' $+$ $'$* $- +$* &$' HE *% cold !luid +$* hot

!luid.3. P$ +$$ &$+$$* $% ,7*$* &&$%!lexible hose +&*$*socket $*

$+$ + $%$- bench. P&'-$ -&$ $ $$$, $'$* hotcold !luid -+$, -&-$

?$'$7& &'7$$*. J$$


22/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

BAB I9

HASIL PER87BAAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

I9.1 Ha*l Per$%&aan

Ta&el '.1.1N$ CT LMTD $+$ $'$* =''&*%

S$$>5'$%& T,

()T()

T,()

T()

CT(LMTD)%&'/&*% 3/-

6 128 0000213 46 3;2 44; 3;6 981938 14 0000233 44; 33 431 34 6420828 1;; 00002;8 414 3; 406 349 6043249 1 0000283 396 348 388 346 449332

10 18 00003 383 3;4 39 3;3 242

Ta&el '.1.2N$ CT LMTD $+$ $'$* *%&'=''&*%

S$$>5'$%& T,

()T()

T,()

T()

CT(LMTD)%&'/&*% 3/-

6 128 0000213 443 339 426 349 904;48 14 0000233 424 3;9 413 368 ;499398 1;; 00002;8 41 366 402 32 3699099 1 0000283 399 368 394 3; 249866

10 18 00003 391 369 388 3; 14;0

Ta&el '.1."N$ U U U +$* U+ $+$ $'$* =''&*% +$* *%&' ''&*%

S$$

A'$* =''&*% A'$* *%&'=''&*%

U(J/-.2.

)

U(J/-.2.

)

U(J/-.2.

)

U+(J/-.2.

)

U(J/-.2.

)

U(J/-.2.

)

U(J/-.2.

)

U+(J/-.2.

)6 1;; 131 2.;989 143 8803 8082 2.;21 8443 1.112 1.02;6 2.66;0; 1.014 1.0249 9409 2.6262 98298 ;11 689; 2.3;36 203 1.22 1.126; 2.396; 1.1689 1.108 1.012 2.8284 1.0626 1.24;3 1.1433 2.82103 1.1943

10 960; 8818 2.9069 9212 1.133 1.0408 2.92;81 1.083



23/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

I9.2 Ha*l Per$%&aan

1. Pengaru! (l%;rate ter!a,a+ n*la* U% ,an U*

10 12 14 16 18 20

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Gambar 4.2.1. Grafk hubungan Flowrate Uo dan Ui

Uo alia! "o#"$%!& Ui alia! "o#"$%!& Uo alia! "o$!&%#"$%!&

Ui alia! "o$!&%#"$%!&

Flowrate (m3/s)

U (J/s m2 o)

D$' '$> ++$ $*$- +$* >+$ +** -&* &'*+$,$* $*$-*$ ("$-' 2011).

2. Pengaru! (l%;rate ter!a,a+ n*la* U$ ,an U,



24/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

10 12 14 16 18 20

Gambar 4.2.2. Grafk hubungan Flowrate !s U" dan Ud

U" alia! "o#"$%!& U' alia! "o#"$%!& U" alia! "o$!&%#"$%!&

U' alia! "o$!&%#"$%!&

Flowrate (m3/s)

U (J/s m2 o)

P$+$ '$> +&%$, 7$,5$ *$ U +$* U+ &*+&'* &**$% -&'* +&*$*

&**$%$* $+$ $*$- & >+$ +** &*+$ (?,) -&,*$ -&$*

7&-$' $ *. @* $+$$, &'-%5$ +$*$ &'$ $%$* '%$- $* $*

%&'$$- +$$ ,&$% &,$*&' -&$$ &$$$* -&,*$ *$ U+ -&$ &7,

'&*+$, +$' *$ U.

". K%e(**en $*. P&'-$$$*:

hD

k =[Dv ]

p

[cp !k ]q



25/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

M&'$$* '- %$$ +$' "$*$* N--&% (N) $% '$- &'*+$,$*

$*$- *?&- +$* *+- *'$ %&',$+$ 7$%$- +$$ $-- &'*+$,$* $*$-

*?&- +$* *+- *'$ %&',$+$ 7$%$- +$$ $-- &'*+$,$* $*$- $+$

&'$$* >+$. N$ +$* +$$% +,%* +&*$* $'$ *&'.

U* &*+$$%$* *$=*$ *-%$*%$ +$* $$ +&'$* 3 &'-$$$*.O&, $'&*$ % +$7 *$=*$ "$*$* N--&% P'$*+% +$* R&*+ +$' 3 -$$

'%$&%&' $+$


26/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

1.103,333=[24.812,78 ]p [4,3036 ]q

L 1.103,333=log+p # log24.812,78+q # log4,3036

3043 log +4,3947p+0,6338q . (3)

E*$- *$ log +$' &'-$$$* (1) +$* (2)

29968 log+4,3297p+0,6135q (2)

3018 log +4,3587p+0,6246q 1,97 )

;9936 log +8,6594p+1,227q

;94;; log+8,5866p+1,227 q

00481 0028

D +$$%$* *$ + > ?331

E*$- *$ log +$' &'-$$$* (2) +$* (3)

3018 log+4,3587p+0,6246q

3043 log +4,3947p+0,6338q

=002; =0036 00092

=002; =0036 (0661) 00092

D+$$%$* *$ = > ?1'1"

S7-%%- *$ +$* & &'-$$$* (1) -&,*$ ++$$%$* *$ =1,12

P&7%$* *$ < > 112 @ + > ?331 @ = > ?1'1" & &'-$$$* (1)



27/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

30.095,94( Wm2 "C) .0,0209133m0,6341( Wm0C)

=1,12 [21.363,39 ]0,661 [4,1068 ]0,1413

992,597$994 %988

D$' %&'$%'& $* $+$ *% $'$* *%&' ''&*% ,$'$ =0,36 @ + > ?@

= > ?"" $*+


28/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

'. N*la* R, ,an rek%men,a* +era;atan Heat E$!anger

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Gambar 4.2.3 Grafk hubungan Flowrate !s #d

R' &ol%a!(i R' alia! "o#"$%!& R' alia! "o$!&%#"$%!&

Flowrate (m3/s)

#d

P$+$ '$> ++$ $* &+$$ -,& $* %7&

BAB 9



29/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

KESIMPULAN

9.1 Ke*m+ulan

1. S&$* 7&-$' *$ >5'$%& $$ *$ U +$* U 5'$%& ,$'- &'$% +$* %&%.

4. U-$,$$* $$% +$$ &$+$$* &'* $$' %+$ %&'


30/46

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

"$-'.Analisis Pengaruh 3aju Aliran 4assa Terhadap Doe!isien Perpindahan Panas Rata%

rata pada Pipa Dapiler di 4esin Re!rigerasi C;U& 1(1. J'*$ M&$*$ #. 2

N. 1: J$*$' 2011: 16=22

"'5* G. G. 196. Unit perations M+&'*- A-$ E+%*. J,* !& $*+ S*- I*. N&5

Y'.

H$*J.D.199. Perpindahan DalorF,&+- &=6 J$$'%$: E'$*$.

,%%://$*+-&7'*.7-%./2011/06/&'$5$%$*=&-*=$+$=,&$%=&,$*&'.,%

+$-&- $+$ %$*$ 14 O%7&' 2013 10.00 !I"

,%%://&*.5&+$.'/5/H&$%&,$*&'+$-&- $+$ %$*$ 13 O%7&' 2013

09.30 !I",%%://$'+=%'$**./$$%=&*$'=$'=,&$%=&,$*&'=&'$-=+$*=&'$5$%$*/

+$-&- $+$ %$*$ 14 O%7&' 2013 11.30 !I"

K&'* D. G. 1980.Process Heat Trans!er. MG'$5 H " . L%+. K$-,$ T.

M$'-& 4odul Alat Penukar PanasF J'-$* T&* K$ UNDIP ,$ 9 +$* 1.

MA+$ !$ H. 19;9. Heat Transmittion. MG'$5 H " . L%+. K$-,$

T.

P&'' R.H $*+ ,-* ;hemical Engineering HandbookF ;%,

&+ M G'$5 H "

http://andysembiring.blogspot.com/2011/06/perawatan-mesin-pada-heat-exchanger.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangerhttp://mairodi-training.com/alat-penukar-kalor-heat-exchanger-operasi-dan-perawatan/http://andysembiring.blogspot.com/2011/06/perawatan-mesin-pada-heat-exchanger.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangerhttp://mairodi-training.com/alat-penukar-kalor-heat-exchanger-operasi-dan-perawatan/


31/46

LAP7RAN SEMENTARA

PRAKTIKUM 7PERASI TEKNIK KIMIA

M$%&' :

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

KELOMPOK : 8 / KAMIS

ANGGOTA KELOMPOK : 1. ANISSA GHAISANI S.

2. INTAN PRIHUTAMI A.3. JODDY HRISTYA!AN

LA"ORATORIUM OPERASI TEKNIK KIMIA

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA @AKULTAS TEKNIK

UNI#ERSITAS DIPONEGORO

SEMARANG2013


32/46

I.O=URRENT$. S$$ 6 @5'$%& 128 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 3; 32 39 321 4; 34 43; 33

2 4 34 4; 343 46 3; 44; 3;4 46 3; 44; 3;; 46 3; 44; 3;;6 46 36 44; 36; 46 36 44; 38 46 36 44; 3;9 46 3 44; 3810 46 3 44; 38;

7. S$$ @5'$%& 14 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 4; 36 44 36;1 4; 36; 43; 36;2 4; 3 43; 33 4; 3 43; 34 4; 3 43 3; 44; 3; 43 3;6 44 3; 43 3; 44 38 43 38

8 44 38 43 389 44 38 42; 3810 44 38 42; 38

. S$$ 8 @5'$%& 1;; /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 40 36 40 3;;1 42 36 41; 3;;2 42 36 41 363 42 3; 41 3;4 42 3; 41 3;; 42 3; 41 3;6 41 3; 41 3; 41 34; 40 34;8 41 3; 40 34;9 41 3; 40 34;10 41 34 40 34


33/46

+. S$$ 9 @5'$%& 1 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 40 34 39; 341 40 34; 39; 34

2 40 34; 39 34;3 40 3; 39 34;4 40 3; 39 34;; 40 3; 39 34;6 39; 3; 38; 3; 39 3; 38; 3;8 39 3; 38; 3;9 39 3; 38; 3;10 39 3; 38 3;

&. S$$ 10 @5'$%& 18 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 39 3; 38 3;1 39 3; 38 3;2 38; 3;; 38 3;3 38; 3;; 38 3;4 38; 3;; 38 3;; 38 3;; 38 3;;6 38 3;; 38 3;; 38 3;; 38 3;;

8 38 3;; 38 3;;9 38 3;; 38 3;;10 38 3;; 3; 3;;

II. OUNTER=URRENT$.S$$ 6 @5'$%& 128 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 38 32 3 331 4; 32; 43 33;2 4; 33 43 34

3 4; 33 43 344 4; 33; 43 3;; 44; 34 42; 3;6 44 34 42; 3; 44 34 42; 3;8 44 34; 42 3;;9 43; 3; 42 3610 43; 3; 42 36


34/46

7. S$$ @5'$%& 14 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 43; 3; 42 36

1 43 3;; 42 362 43 3;; 41; 36;3 43 3;; 41; 34 42; 36 41; 3; 42 36 41 36 42 36 41 3 42 36 41 38 42 36; 41 39 42 36; 41 310 41; 36; 41 3;

.S$$ 8 @5'$%& 1;; /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 41; 3 40; 3;1 41 3 40; 3;2 41 3 40; 383 41 36; 40; 34 41 36; 40; 3; 41 36; 40 36 41 36; 40 3

41 36; 40 38 41 36; 40 39 41 36; 40 310 40; 36; 40 3

+. S$$ 9 @5'$%& 1 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()0 40 36; 40 3;1 40 36; 39; 3;2 40 36; 39; 3;

3 40 36; 39; 3;4 40 3 39; 3;; 40 3 39; 3;6 40 3 39; 3; 40 3 39; 3;8 39; 3 39 3;9 39; 3 39 3;10 39; 3 39 3;


35/46

&.S$$ 10 @5'$%& 18 /&*%

% (&*%) T, () T() T, () T ()

0 39; 3 39 3;1 39; 3 39 3;2 39 3 39 3;3 39 3 39 3;4 39 3 39 3;; 39 3 39 3;6 39 3 39 3; 39 3 38; 3;8 39 36; 38; 3;9 39 36; 38; 3;10 39 36; 38; 3;

III. DATA LAINL 236 *D 09; *D 0866 *

S&$'$* 10 O%7&' 2013

M&*&%$, P'$%$* A---%&*

A*--$ G.S. I*%$* P.A. J++ ,. A$*+$ D$, K.


36/46

LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN

D$%$ H&$% E,$*&' :1. @5'$%& + >+ 24; /&* 42 10=4 3/- ;3392. S$$ '%$&%&' ,% >+ 6 8 9 10

3. S, ,% >+ ;04. P$*+

S$$ @5'$%& ,% >+ (/&*)6 128 148 1;;9 1

10 18

1. Per!*tungan TLMTD /

"C0

A'$* =''&*%

% (&*%)>5'$%& 128 %&'/&*% >5'$%& 14 %&'/&*% >5'$%& 1;; %&'/&*%T, T T, T T, T T, T T, T T, T

0 3; 32 39 32 4; 36 44 36; 40 36 403;;

1 4; 34 43; 33 4; 36; 43; 36; 42 36 41;3;;

2 4 34 4; 34 4; 3 43; 3 42 36 41 363 46 3; 44; 3; 4; 3 43; 3 42 3; 41 3;4 46 3; 44; 3; 4; 3 43 3 42 3; 41 3;; 46 3; 44; 3;; 44; 3; 43 3; 42 3; 41 3;6 46 36 44; 36; 44 3; 43 3; 41 33 41 3;

46 36 44; 3 44 38 43 38 41 34; 4034;

8 46 36 44; 3; 44 38 43 38 41 3; 4034;

9 46 3 44; 38 44 38 42; 38 41 3; 4034;

10 46 3 44; 38; 44 38 42; 38 41 34 40 34

'$%$='$%$ 46 3;2 44; 3;6 44; 33 431 34 414 3; 406

34

9


37/46

%(&*%)

>5'$%& 1 %&'/&*% >5'$%& 18 %&'/&*%

T, T T, T T, T T, T0 40 34 39; 34 39 3; 38 3;1 40 34; 39; 34 39 3; 38 3;2 40 34; 39 34; 38; 3;; 38 3;3 40 3; 39 34; 38; 3;; 38 3;4 40 3; 39 34; 38; 3;; 38 3;; 40 3; 39 34; 38 3;; 38 3;;6 39; 3; 38; 3; 38 3;; 38 3;; 39 3; 38; 3; 38 3;; 38 3;;

8 39 3; 38; 3; 38 3;; 38 3;;9 39 3; 38; 3; 38 3;; 38 3;;10 39 3; 38 3; 38 3;; 3; 3;;

'$%$='$%$ 396 348 388 346 383 3;4 39 3;3

U*% A'$* =''&*% TLMTD

(ThiTci )(ThoTco)

ln (ThiTci )(ThoTco)

S$$ >5'$%& T, T T, T CT(LMTD)%&'/&*% 3/-

6 128 0000213 46 3;2 44; 3;6 981938 14 0000233 44; 33 431 34 6420828 1;; 00002;8 414 3; 406 349 6043249 1 0000283 396 348 388 346 449332

10 18 00003 383 3;4 39 3;3 242

A'$* *%&'=''&*%

% (&*%) >5'$%& 128 %&'/&*% >5'$%& 14 %&'/&*% >5'$%& 1;; %&'/&*%T, T T, T T, T T, T T, T T, T

0 38 32 3 33 43; 3; 42 36 41; 3 40; 3;1 4; 32; 43 33; 43 3;; 42 36 41 3 40; 3;2 4; 33 43 34 43 3;; 41; 36; 41 3 40; 383 4; 33 43 34 43 3;; 41; 3 41 36; 40; 34 4; 33; 43 3; 42; 36 41; 3 41 36; 40; 3

;44;

34 42; 3; 42 36 41 3 41 36; 40 3

6 44 34 42; 3; 42 36 41 3 41 36; 40 3

44 34 42; 3; 42 36 41 3 41 36; 40 3


38/46

8 44 34; 42 3;; 42 36; 41 3 41 36; 40 3

943;

3; 42 36 42 36; 41 3 41 36; 40 3

1043;

3; 42 36 41; 36; 41 3; 40; 36; 40 3

'$%$='$%$

44

3 339 426 349 424 3;9 413 368 41 366 402 32

%(&*%)

>5'$%& 1 %&'/&*% >5'$%& 18 %&'/&*%

T, T T, T T, T T, T0 40 36; 40 3; 39; 3 39 3;1 40 36; 39; 3; 39; 3 39 3;2 40 36; 39; 3; 39 3 39 3;3 40 36; 39; 3; 39 3 39 3;

4 40 3 39; 3; 39 3 39 3;; 40 3 39; 3; 39 3 39 3;6 40 3 39; 3; 39 3 39 3; 40 3 39; 3; 39 3 38; 3;8 39; 3 39 3; 39 36; 38; 3;9 39; 3 39 3; 39 36; 38; 3;10 39; 3 39 3; 39 36; 38; 3;

'$%$='$%$ 399 368 394 3; 391 369 388 3;

U*% A'$* *%&'=''&*% TLMTD

(ThiTco )(ThoTci)

ln( ThiTco )(ThoTci)

S$$>5'$%&

T, T T, TCT

(LMTD)%&'/&*% 3/-6 128 0000213 443 339 426 349 904;48 14 0000233 424 3;9 413 368 ;499398 1;; 00002;8 41 366 402 32 3699099 1 0000283 399 368 394 3; 249866

10 18 00003 391 369 388 3; 14;0

2. Per!*tungan e#umla! +ana :ang ,*&er*kan

99; /3, 4200 J/

A'$* =''&*%

5. . CT . .. CT

S$$ @5'$%& H% @+ + @+


39/46

%&'/&*% 3/- CT, () , (J/-) CT () (J/-)6 128 0000213 1; 1.33;190; 04 3;60;08 14 0000233 14 1.3631898 01 9308 1;; 00002;8 08 862;4;6 01 1081829 1 0000283 08 94612;6 02 236;314

10 18 00003 04 ;0148 01 12;3

A'$* *%&'=''&*%

5. . CT . .. CT

S$$@5'$%& H% @+ + @+

%&'/&*% 3/- CT, () , (J/-) CT () (J/-)6 128 0000213 1 1.;1321;9 1 89012 14 0000233 11 1.010 09 8633638 1;; 00002;8 08 862;4;6 06 6469092

9 1 0000283 0; ;91328; 0 828;9910 18 00003 03 3611 06 ;222

". Per!*tungan !arga U% U* ,an U,

U.A. CTLMTD

U Qh

Ai # TLMTD

U Qh

Ao # TLMTD

U+ Ui+Uo

2

S$$@5'$%& A'$* =''&*% A'$* *%&'=''&*%

/&*% 3/- U U U+ U U U+6 128 0000213 1;; 131 143 8803 8082 8443 14 0000233 1.112 1.02;6 1.014 1.0249 9409 98298 1;; 00002;8 ;11 689; 203 1.22 1.126; 1.1689 1 0000283 1.108 1.012 1.0626 1.24;3 1.1433 1.1943

10 18 00003 960; 8818 9212 1.133 1.0408 1.083

'. Per!*tungan !arga U$

hD

k D&

k 0.8

C

k 1/3

' 0.14


40/46

, &' $& 103=104)

' 0.14 1

D 00662; >%D 0. 0216 >%

+& 4(( )2

* d o2

4 )

* do

4(1.24 i +2* x 0.866

2

4 )

*0.866 0.3486 *

(K&'* E..4)

D& 0,3486

12

0.029 >% (K&'*

E..3)PT 3.1; 0.1046 >% 1.2401; *P 20 0.6;6168 >% 0.9; 0.03116 >%

! , ?

( &'* > 14)

( H$* %$7& A=9)

(&'* > 2) (&'* %$7& 4)

H% >+ : -,& -+& 5$%&'1 @5'$%&

$- ,D . C . -

144(T (K&'* E..1)

0.0625 ) x 0.031167 ) x 0.656168 )

0.193346 )

0.01236 >%2

2 M$-- ?&%

G- '

/s v

/s (K&'*

E..2)

3 R&- D0 &s

( K&'*

E..3)4


41/46

; C

k 1/3

6 ,


42/46

A'$* =''&*%

S$$@5'$%& T,

()

(/3)

(/-)

(!/.

)P' R&

/&*% 3/-

6 128 0000213 44; 9903 0000601 06364 39;1 22.11;4; 14 0000233 431 99086 0000616 0634 406;8 23.;80248 1;; 00002;8 406 99186 00006462 0631 4208 24.938869 1 0000283 388 992;6 00006691 06291 44424 26.484;

10 18 00003 39 9929 00006811 0626 4;342 2.;892


43/46

REFERENSI

PERMASALAHAN PADA HEAT E8HANGER

A$% &*$' $' &*$ 7&7&'$$ 7$$* $* &' +&',$%$* *%

&7$% $$% * %&%$ +$$ &$+$$* $%$ *+- &'$- -&&'% $* +**$*.

"&7&'$$ +$*%$'$*$ $* &' +&',$%$*:1. @$%' P&*%'$*2. K'-3. G$-&% M&*$$ K&7'$*/R-$

PERACATAN PADA HEAT E8HANGER

1. M&*$%$- P&*%'$*M&, >+$ $* $$* +$-$* &+$$ $$% &*$ $'.

M&$$* &7&'-,$* -&$'$ 7&'$$ *% &7$* %'$*=%'$* $* $+$ + +$$

-&7* $%$ %$7* $$% &*$' $'. M&&'*$$* 7$,$* $* $$' %'$*

$* %&'+$$% $+$ $$% &*$' $' 7&*$'=7&*$' 7&'-, +$* &%$ &7&'-,$* $$%

&*$' $' %&'-&7% %+$ &*$$ &'-$$* $+ +*+*$.2. M&*$%$- K'-

K'- +$$% +&*+$$* $%$ +*$-' +&*$* $'$ : L$- *+* : +&*$* &$- $ +&*$* 7$,$* $* $* &7, %$,$* $'$% -&,*$

'-&- '- +$$% +&'$7$% R&$- $%+ (&'*+*$*) : +&*$* $'$ $'- %$*+* +$* +&*$* $*+$ '7$* I*,7%' $+$$, -7-%$*- $ 7$ +%$7$,$* +$$ *-&*%'$- $* '&$%?& -&+% &

**$* '%> -&$'$ &>&%> +$$% &*'*$* $ %,& >* +>>%. T '&?$

?&' %,& >* $*+ &$** '7&- $'&' %7& +$&%&'- $* 7& -&+. T,- %

+&%&'*& %,& %7& +$&%&' %,& $?$$7& -$& -% $*+ %,& >* *$%'& > %,& >+-

-% 7& *-+&'&+. T7& %,*&--: T,& %,*&-- > %,& 5$ > %,& %7&- - -$ +&%&'*&+ % &*-'&:
http://andysembiring.blogspot.com/2011/06/perawatan-mesin-pada-heat-exchanger.htmlhttp://andysembiring.blogspot.com/2011/06/perawatan-mesin-pada-heat-exchanger.html


44/46

T,&'& - &*, ' >' ''-* T,$% >5=*+&+ ?7'$%* ,$- '&--%$*& A$ -%'&*%, A?$$7% > -$'& $'%- H -%'&*%, (% 5%,-%$*+ *%&'*$ %7& '&--'&)

"* -%'&*%, (% 5%,-%$*+ ?&''&--'& * %,& -,&) T7& &*%,: ,&$% &,$*&'- $'& -$ ,&$&' 5,&* %,& ,$?& $ -$&' -,&

+$&%&' $*+ $ * %7& &*%,. T,- %$ %,&'& - $* $ % $& %,& ,&$%

&,$*&' $- * $- ,-$ --7& 5,-% *% &&&+* '+%* $$7%&-.

H5&?&' %,&'& $'& $* %$%*- >' %,- *+* -$& $?$$7& $% %,& *-%$$%*

-%& $*+ %,& *&&+ % &*-'& %7&- $'& $?$$7& * &*%,- %,$% $'& %5& %,& '&'&+ &*%,

(- %,& $* 7& 5%,+'$5* $*+ '&$&+). A- * %,* %7&- $'& +>>% % %$& %

$*+ '&$&. T7& %,: 5,&* +&-** %,& %7&- % - '$%$ % &*-'& %,$% %,& %7& %, (.&.

%,& &*%'&=&*%'& +-%$*& > $+&' ?* $ 7&%%&'

&'>'$*&. T7& L$%: '&>&'- % ,5 %7&- $'& -%*&+ 5%,* %,& -,&. T,&'& $'& >' $*

%&- > %7& $% 5,, $'& %'$*$' (30W) '%$%&+ %'$*$' (60W) -$'& (90W) $*+

'%$%&+ -$'& (4;W). T,& %'$*$' $%%&'*- $'& &&+ % ?& '&$%&' ,&$% %'$*->&' $-

%,& >'& %,& >+ % >5 * $ '& %'7&*% >$-,* $'*+ %,& *. S$'& $%%&'*-

$'& &&+ 5,&'& ,, >* - &&'&*&+ $*+ &$** - '& '&$'. "$>>& D&-*:7$>>&-$'& -&+ * -,& $*+ %7& ,&$% &,$*&'- % +'&% >+ $'--

%,& %7& 7*+&. T,& '* &'&*+$' % %,& -,& $*+ ,+ %,& 7*+& '&?&*%* %,&

%7&- >' -$* ?&' $ * &*%,. T,& $* $- '&?&*% %,& %7&- >' ?7'$%*.T,& -% * %& > 7$>>& - %,& -&&*%$ 7$>>&. T,& -&'$' -&&*%$

7$>>&- $'& '&*%&+ $% 180 +&'&&- % %,& $+>&- >'* %,& >+ % >5 5$'+

$*+ +5*5$'+- 7&%5&&* %,& %7& 7*+&. "$>>& -$* - > $'& %,&'+*$

*&'* 5,&* +&-** -,& $*+ %7& ,&$% &,$*&'-. "$>>&- -% 7& -$&+ 5%,

*-+&'$%* >' %,& *?&'-* > '&--'& +' $*+ ,&$% %'$*->&'. @' %,&' &*

%B$%* % - -&-%&+ %,$% %,& 7$>>&- 7& -$&+ * -&' %,$* 20F > %,& -,&-

**&' +$&%&'. H$?* 7$>>&- -$&+ % -& $-&- $ '&$%&' '&--'& +' 7&$-&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baffle_(heat_exchanger)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baffle_(heat_exchanger)


45/46

> >5 '&+'&%*. *-&&*% ,$?* %,& 7$>>&- -$&+ % >$' $$'% &$*- %,$% %,&'&

$ 7& &' -%- * %,& '*&'- 7&%5&&* 7$>>&-. I% - $- '%$*% % &*-'& %,&

7$>>&- $'& -$&+ -& &*, %,$% %,& %7&- + *% -$. T,& %,&' $* %& > 7$>>& -

%,& +- $*+ +*% 7$>>& 5,, *--%- > %5 *&*%' 7$>>&-. A* %&' 5+&' 7$>>&

- & $ +*% 5,-% %,& **&' 7$>>& - -,$&+ & $ +-. T,- %& > 7$>>& >'&-%,& >+ % $-- $'*+ &$, -+& > %,& +- %,&* %,', %,& +*% 7$>>& &*&'$%* $

+>>&'&*% %& > >+ >5.@&+ %7& +=&+ ,&$% &,$*&'- &-&$ -%$7& >' $'*& $*+ ,$'-, $$%*-

$* 7& $--&7&+ 5%, 7'$-- -,&- &' %7&- 7'$-- 7$>>&- $*+ >'&+ 7'$-- *%&'$ &*+

,7-.3,%%://&*.5&+$.'/5/H&$%&,$*&'

LATAR "ELAKANG:

A$% &*$' $*$- (,&$% &,$*&') &'$$* -$% $$% $* -$*$% &*%* +$$ '-&-&'%$'$* $*$-. A$% %&'-&7% 7&'>*- *% &*+$,$* $*$- $*%$'$ +$ >+$ $*

7&'7&+$ %&&'$%' +$* +-$,$* &, -$% -&$% &-$, $%$ $$% *% &*+$,$*

$*$- +$' -$% >+$ & >+$ $* $*. P&*&*%$* *&'&' +$*

>$%' &*%' "$*$* R&*+ &*'*$* %&$*$* "$*$* P'$*+% +$* &>&-&*

&'*+$,$* $*$- +$* *&- O&'$- +$* P&'$5$%$* A$% P&*$' P$*$-.

,%%://$'+=%'$**./$$%=&*$'=$'=,&$%=&,$*&'=&'$-=+$*=&'$5$%$*/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangerhttp://mairodi-training.com/alat-penukar-kalor-heat-exchanger-operasi-dan-perawatan/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangerhttp://mairodi-training.com/alat-penukar-kalor-heat-exchanger-operasi-dan-perawatan/


46/46

LEMBAR ASISTENSI

DIPERIKSAKETERANGAN TANDA TANGAN

NO TANGGAL

Documents

heat transfer experiment