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Heat Tracing of Piping Systems _ What is Piping
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Heat T racing of Piping Sy stem s
Heat T racing is a generalized term relating to the
application of radiant heat input to piping sy stems from
tubing attached to the outside of the pipe.
When Heat tracing is used to ensure that the sy stem
functions from a process standpoint regardless of climate
conditions it is known as Process Control T racing
Again when Heat tracing is used to prevent freeze up due
to climatic conditions only it is known as Winterization
T racing.
General Requirem ents
General
Steam tracing supply lines shall be taken from the top of the supply header to assure dry quality steam.
Identify the locations for steam tracing supply manifolds and condensate manifolds early in design to
reserve space in plant lay out. This applies to non-steam supply and return manifolds (hot oil, gly col,
etc.).
Allow for increase in insulation sizing to allow for tracers.
What is PipingAn attempt to explain process piping engineering basics in detail to help all the process piping engineering
professionals around the world.
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28th July 201 4 want2learn Heat Tracing 0 Comments
Heat Tracing of Piping Systems
40 1
Instrum ent Application
This specification is to be used by Piping for heat tracing of all in-line instruments. Piping will also
prov ide steam supply and condensate collection manifolds for all other instruments. The break between
Piping Traced Instruments and Control Sy stems traced instruments will match the drawing break
between the two departments.
Sy stem Description
Using various media such as steam, hot water, gly col, or hot oil heat tracing is installed to protect the
piping, equipment, and instruments against temperatures that would cause congealing or freezing of the
process fluids, interfere with operation, or cause damage to the equipment.
Design Requirem ents
The daily average low temperature of the coldest month shall be used to select the low ambient design
temperature that then determines the degree of winterizing protection required.
No winterizing is required for water serv ice except where a sustained temperature below minus 1 degree
C is often recorded for 24 hours or longer.
Compressors, blowers, and other mechanical equipment shall be specified for operation at low ambient
design temperature.
Methods of Heat Conservation
Where feasible, insulation shall be used for heat conservation.
Heat tracing, plus insulation, is the alternative method for heat conservation.
Heat transfer cement may be utilized when a process line requires a high heat input and common
methods of heat tracing are inadequate.
Steam jacketing is utilized in specific cases where steam tracing with heat transfer cement is inadequate.
Electric tracing is utilized when precise temperature control is required or where steam tracing is not
practical. Thermostat setting for electric tracing should not be higher than fluid operating temperature.
Methods for Winterization
Winterizing by circulation shall be prov ided where a sufficient power source is available to keep the fluid
circulating.
Utility water and utility air lines in intermittent serv ice shall be winterized by draining.
Winterizing by steam tracing is the preferred method when winterizing by circulation and draining is
impracticable.
Winterizing by electric tracing is utilized when a precise temperature control is required or where steam
tracing is not practical. Thermostat setting for electric tracing should not be higher than fluid operating
temperature.
Minimum tracing steam pressure shall be 1 Bar; maximum required is 10.3 Bar. At minimum pressure,
condensate shall be routed to the plant sewer sy stem. If condensate is collected, the minimum usable
pressure shall be 1 .7 Bar.
T racer Description
T racer Size and Length
Required tracer size shall be determined by piping heat loss and tracer steam pressure found in the Heat
Loss Chart (Fig. 1)
Minimum tracer size shall be 3/8 of an inch OD tubing; maximum size shall be 1 inch OD tubing. For
economy , where Heat Loss Chart indicates the requirements for multiple tracers, a single tracer with
heat transfer cement shall be considered.
When using heat transfer cement, tracers of 3/8 of an inch and 1/2 of an inch OD tubing are
recommended. If more tracer area is required, multiple tracers of 3/8 of an inch and 1/2 of an inch shall
be used.
Maximum tracer length shall be based on tracer size and steam pressure as follows:
o Steam pressure 1 Bar through 1 .7 Bar
60m for 3/8 of an inch and 1/2 of an inch tracers
100m for 3/4 of an inch and 1 inch tracers
o Steam pressure 3.5 Bar through 13.8 Bar
60m for 3/8 of an inch and 1/2 of an inch tracers
120m for 3/4 of an inch and 1 inch tracers
o Tracer lengths for tracing with heat transfer cement shall be based on recommendation of manufacturer.
For stainless steel lines, the tracer material shall be low carbon steel. Stainless steel instrument leads
shall be traced with copper tubing.
Each tracer shall have its own trap. Tracer traps shall discharge to sewer. If condensate must be
collected, minimum usable pressure is 1 .7 Bar.
Compression ty pe fittings shall be installed outside of the insulation OD.
Socket ty pe fittings may be installed inside of the insulation.
The steam tracers shall be pressure tested before the insulation is applied. Under emergency conditions,
the insulation may be applied but the fittings shall be left exposed until the testing is complete.
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T racer Pocket Depth
Pocket depth is the distance the tracer rises in the direction of flow from a low point to a high point. The
total pocket depth is the sum of all risers of the tracer.
Maximum tracer total pocket depth shall be equal to 40 percent of tracing steam gage pressure
expressed in meters.
Example: Tracing steam 10.3 bar 30 m x 0.40 = 12 m feet total pocket depth
Products
Steam tracing tubing materials shall be in accordance with material specifications.
Tracers shall be OD tubing. Soft annealed copper tubing shall be used where the temperature of the
product line or tracing steam does not exceed 204 °C. Above this temperature, dead soft annealed
hy draulic quality , low carbon, seamless steel tubing shall be used where the temperature of the product
line or tracing steam does not exceed 399 °C.
For aluminum pipe lines, carbon steel tracer material shall not be used.
For aluminum pipe lines and all lines above 399 °C the tracer material shall be stainless steel.
For conditions where the tracer could overheat lines containing acid, caustic, amine, phenolic water, or
other chemicals, insulation spacer blocks shall be installed between tracer and pipe.
Fig.1: T y pical Heat Loss Chart
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