Heat and MatterHeat and Matter

Part 2Part 2

DID YOU KNOW??DID YOU KNOW??

All matter can exist as ________, _______, or _________ if All matter can exist as ________, _______, or _________ if the temperature is right?the temperature is right?For example:For example:

Don’t forget- The state of a substance depends on 2 things: Don’t forget- The state of a substance depends on 2 things: _________ & _____________________________________________ & ____________________________________

Earth, Cicero: 20Earth, Cicero: 20°C°C Venus: 425 Venus: 425 °C°C Neptune: -210 Neptune: -210 °C°C

LeadLead SolidSolid LiquidLiquid SolidSolid

OxygenOxygen GasGas GasGas LiquidLiquid

solid gasliquid

temperature the amount of attraction between its particles

Phase ChangesPhase Changes

MeltingMelting

FreezingFreezing

EvaporationEvaporation

CondensationCondensation

Change from liquid to gasChange from liquid to gas

Change from solid to liquidChange from solid to liquid

Change from gas to liquidChange from gas to liquid

Change from liquid to solidChange from liquid to solid

Melting and FreezingMelting and Freezing

The temperature at which a substance The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is called changes from a solid to a liquid is called the _______________the _______________

The temperature at which a liquid changes The temperature at which a liquid changes from a liquid to a solid is called the from a liquid to a solid is called the ______________________________

Melting point

Freezing point

When heat is added to a solid its particles When heat is added to a solid its particles move ______. Eventually they are moving move ______. Eventually they are moving fast enough to “break free” and _______ fast enough to “break free” and _______ the _____ between them. When this the _____ between them. When this happens, the substance _________. happens, the substance _________. During melting, energy is __________ so During melting, energy is __________ so you’ll see no rise in temperature.you’ll see no rise in temperature.

time

Temp.

faster

loosen

bonds

melts

absorbed

Solid + Energy = ?Solid + Energy = ?

When energy is When energy is added to added to solidssolids, they , they become become liquidsliquids!!

Examples?Examples?

For freezing, the process is the same, just For freezing, the process is the same, just reversed. The particles ___________, the reversed. The particles ___________, the bonds pull the particles ____________ bonds pull the particles ____________ and the material ____________. During and the material ____________. During freezing, energy is ___________.freezing, energy is ___________.

slow down

together

freezes

released

See it Happen…See it Happen…

http://http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/chang_7e_esp/enm1s3_4.swf

EnergyEnergy determines the state! determines the state!

Boiling and EvaporationBoiling and Evaporation

When a substance changes from a liquid to a When a substance changes from a liquid to a gas it _________.gas it _________.The temperature at which this happens is called The temperature at which this happens is called the ____________.the ____________.The bonds between the particles need to be The bonds between the particles need to be ____________ so energy is __________ during ____________ so energy is __________ during the phase change.the phase change. Oxygen boils at about -183Oxygen boils at about -183°C. Since our °C. Since our temperatures on Earth are well above that, temperatures on Earth are well above that, Oxygen is a ____________ on Earth.Oxygen is a ____________ on Earth.

evaporates

boiling point

loosened/broken absorbed

gas

http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=ap&att=762

Real Life ExampleReal Life Example

When you boil water, the particles heat up and When you boil water, the particles heat up and move ____________move ____________

The water stays in __________ because the The water stays in __________ because the particles have enough ___________ to keep particles have enough ___________ to keep them there.them there.

At the boiling point, _______ the particles have At the boiling point, _______ the particles have enough _______ to break free and become a enough _______ to break free and become a _____________,they just need to get up to the _____________,they just need to get up to the __________ to “get free” (convection currents in __________ to “get free” (convection currents in the water help them get there).the water help them get there).

faster

liquid form

attraction

all

energy

gastop/surface

Then why do puddles on the Then why do puddles on the pavement go away?pavement go away?

Water _________ have to boil Water _________ have to boil

to change to a gas.to change to a gas.

It can ___________ into a gas but only at It can ___________ into a gas but only at the ______________ of the liquid.the ______________ of the liquid.

doesn’t

evaporate

surface

Quick Write!Quick Write!Are evaporation and boiling the same Are evaporation and boiling the same thing? Explain why or why not.thing? Explain why or why not.

No, they aren’t the same thing, because at the boiling pointall particles can get enough energy to escape. With evaporation, only the ones at the surface can break away.

CondensationCondensationWhen fast moving particles in the air collide with a cool surface, When fast moving particles in the air collide with a cool surface, they _______ ________.they _______ ________.The particles slow down and move ________ ____________.The particles slow down and move ________ ____________.When they’re close enough attraction takes over. The vapor When they’re close enough attraction takes over. The vapor becomes a ___________________which sticks to the cooler becomes a ___________________which sticks to the cooler surface from the air.surface from the air.This change of state from gas to a liquid is called This change of state from gas to a liquid is called _____________._____________.Examples:Examples: Dew- moisture from the _____ that _________ overnight.Dew- moisture from the _____ that _________ overnight. Clouds- water vapor condenses around a _________ Clouds- water vapor condenses around a _________

particle.particle. Steam on a mirror- water in the steam condenses on the Steam on a mirror- water in the steam condenses on the

_________ glass of the mirror when you take a shower_________ glass of the mirror when you take a shower

And my personal favorite…. The “sweating” glassAnd my personal favorite…. The “sweating” glass

lose energy

closer together

liquid / water drop

condensation

air condenses

dust/dirt

cooler

Water vapor in the air bounces off the cool glass and transfers some of it’s energy to the cool glass.

As this continually happens, the water vapor eventually loses enough energy that the bonds take over and it condenses into liquid water… ON THE GLASS

So does the water come from inside the glass???

It’s not magic water that can go through glass. It’s water in vapor form that’s already in the air! Plus, don’t you get condensation on closed containers?? SURE YOU DO! The water comes from the air.

NO!!!!

Lesson 4- Solutions, Solubility, and Chemical Reactions

Forming Solutions If you mix salt and sand, the two substances form a

_______. With a mixture, you can still see the substances that made it up.

But, if you mix salt with water, the salt seems to __________. As the salt mixes with the water, it _________. The salt and water form a _________.

A substance that dissolves other substances is a ___________.

The substance that is dissolved is the __________. Water is a very popular solvent, but many solutions

are made with solvents other than water. These include:

mixture

disappeardissolves solution

solventsolute

•Solution of solids- metals like stainless steel•vinegar

Concentration and Solubility

The measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent is called _________.Solutions can be described as ______________ or ______________.If there is only a little solute compared to the amount of solvent then the solution is _______.Solutions with a lot of solute compared to the amount of solvent are considered _____________.

concentration

concentrated dilute

dilute

concentrated