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Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 8:
Environmental Health
Progress ReviewFebruary 2, 2007
Key Components of Environmental Health
Source: Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. Vol. 1. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. November 2000.
Water Quality
Toxics and Waste
Outdoor Air Quality
Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities
Global Environmental Health
Infrastructure and Surveillance
Health of Individuals & Communities
n=13n=13
n=40
n=10
n=8
n=9
Environmental Health
• Criteria† pollutant-related illness alone costs about $250 billion annually.
• Excess deaths related to air pollution estimated at 50,000 – 100,000 per year
• Excess lifetime cancer risk related to air pollution is estimated at 1,400 per million persons
• Poor indoor air quality costs tens of billions of dollars per year due to
– lost productivity– direct medical costs,– and damage to equipment and materials.
† Criteria pollutants include: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
Highlighted Objectives
Improving (n=17)
8-1a,b Ozone, particulate matter8-9 Beaches open and safe for swimming8-11 Elevated blood-lead levels in children8-13 Pesticide exposures causing visits to health care
facility8-25b,c,e Exposure to cadmium, lead, mercury in children 1-
5 years
8-25q Mercury in females 18-49 years8-25p Lindane
Target met or exceeded (n=14)
Getting worse (n=8)
8-10a,b Fish consumption advisories
Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency.
43
25
71
39
61
47
37
0
25
50
75
Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Ozone
Percent of population
2010 Target = 0%
1997
Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian
Obj. 8-1a
Decrease desired
Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency.
4339
25 23
7167
3935
61 59
4743
3733
0
25
50
75
Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Ozone
Percent of population
2010 Target = 0%
1997 2004
Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian
Obj. 8-1a
Decrease desired
1215
2530
8
24
9
0
25
50
75
Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Particulate Matter
Percent of population
2010 Target = 0%
1997
Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian
Decrease desired
Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b
12 1015 13
2522 22
30 28
8 6 7
24
9
0
25
50
75
Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Particulate Matter
Percent of population
2010 Target = 0%
1997 2004
Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian
Decrease desired
Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b
Particulatematter
Monitor Locations
Note: Locations illustrate general distribution of monitors, monitor locations are not georeferencedSource: Monitor Data Queries, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency.
OzoneParticulatematter
Monitor Locations
Note: Locations illustrate general distribution of monitors, monitor locations are not georeferencedSource: Monitor Data Queries, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency.
1997
Ozone Non-attainment Counties (1-Hr standard)
Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1a
2010 Target = 0%
Decrease desired
2004
Ozone Non-attainment Counties (1-Hr standard)
Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1a
2010 Target = 0%
Decrease desired
1997
Particulate Matter Non-attainment Counties (10 micron standard)
Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b
2010 Target = 0%
Decrease desired
2004
Particulate Matter Non-attainment Counties (10 micron standard)
Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b
2010 Target = 0%
Decrease desired
Beaches Open and Safe for Swimming
Percent of beach days
Source: BEACH Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-9
2010 Target: 98
Increase desired
100
95
90
85
80
0
2002 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Source: National Listing of Fish Advisories, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Fish Consumption Advisories
Obj. 8-10a-b
Decrease desired
2010 Targets
River and StreamMiles
Lake and ReservoirAcreage
Percent of assessed watersunder advisories
2002 2004
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Children ages 1-5 years with Elevated Blood-lead Levels
*Data are statistically unreliable and are suppressed.Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
Percent
Black LowTotal White
Decrease desired
2010 Target: 0 %
Obj. 8-11
Female Male
1991-1994
Med. High
**
Race/ethnicity Gender Family Income
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Children ages 1-5 years with Elevated Blood-lead Levels
*Data are statistically unreliable and are suppressed.Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.
Percent
Black LowTotal White
Decrease desired
2010 Target: 0 %
Obj. 8-11
Female Male
1991-1994 1999-2004
Med. High
**
Race/ethnicity Gender Family Income
Pesticide Exposures
Source: Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS), American Association of Poison Control Centers Obj. 8-13
Pesticide Exposures(Resulting in Visits to Health Care Facilities)
2010 Target: 11.398
Visits(in thousands)
Decrease desired
24
22
20
18
16
0
14
12
10
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Heavy Metals in the Blood(Highest concentration for 95% of the population)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cadmium Lead
Blood concentration (ug/L)
Females & Males1-5 years
Females16-49 years
………. ……….Mercury
1999-2000 2001-2002 Decrease desired
2010 Targets
Source: National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC, NCHS Obj. 8-25b,c,e,q
Source: National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, NCEH, CDC.
Lindane (beta-HCH) in the Blood(Highest concentration for 95% of the population)
Obj. 8-25p
2010 Target: 48.2
Decrease desired
Serum concentration (ng/g lipid)
90
80
70
60
50
0
40
1999-2000 2001-2002
Status of Environmental Health Objectives
• Target met or exceeded• Improving• Little or no change• Getting worse• No tracking data• Dropped at midcourse• Retained as
developmental
1417
68
306
12
• Challenges– Environmental measurements are only proxies for
human exposure, which through mobility varies from day to day, and place to place.
• Barriers– Lack of systematic data collection
• StrategiesNew or enhanced data systems– National Biomonitoring Program– National Environmental Public Health Tracking
Program
New tools for assessment of exposure and health– Genes and Environment Initiative / Exposure Biology
Program– National Children’s Study
Data Challenges, Barriers, and Strategies
Progress Review data and slides
can be accessed on the web at:
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htm